Resolute support

Resolute Support - RS -
RS logo
Lineup	December 28, 2014
strength	15,937 soldiers
operation area	Afghanistan
Butcher	War in Afghanistan , war on terror
commander
commander	General Austin S. Miller
Deputy Commander	Lieutenant General Nicola Zanelli
Chief of Staff	Lieutenant General Thorsten Poschwatta
insignia
flag

Resolute Support (RS) was from January 1, 2015 to July 16, 2021 NATO mission to train, advice and support ( English Train, Advise, and Assist , TAA the) Afghan security forces ended as a result of the mission 31 December 2014 Deployment of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF).

The US armed forces have been calling their parallel operation since January 1, 2015 Operation Freedom's Sentinel . In April 2021, the US announced that it intended to withdraw its armed forces by September 11, 2021. The date was symbolically chosen by the Biden cabinet to mark the 20th anniversary of the September 11, 2001 attacks . The Bundeswehr then prepared a troop withdrawal by July 2021. The official withdrawal of NATO troops began on May 1, 2021. At the end of February 2020, the Trump administration had actually agreed with the Taliban that the US and its allies would withdraw completely within 14 months, i.e. by the end of April 2021 should be completed.

Framework

Mission change appeal ISAF → RS on December 28, 2014 in Kabul

The deployment took place as part of the implementation of the resolutions of the NATO summit in Chicago on May 20 and 21, 2012 and in Newport on September 5 and 6, 2014, and on the basis of the approval of the government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan by NATO and Afghanistan signed the troop statute of September 30, 2014 and the deployment decision of the North Atlantic Council of December 2, 2014.

Although NATO had defined the whole of Afghanistan as the area of ​​operations, Resolute Support marked a regional approach within the framework of the “hub and spoke model”, with the “hub” being the headquarters in Kabul and the four “spokes” being the Train Advice Assist Commands TAAC North , TAAC East , TAAC South and TAAC West represent and form the equivalent of the former Regional Command (RC) of ISAF.

The NATO mission had a total personnel size of at least 13,199 and a maximum of 16,229 soldiers. In addition to most of the NATO member states, other nations are participating as so-called operational partners .

organization

The NATO Allied Joint Force Command Brunssum in the Netherlands is responsible for the operation. The United States Central Command is responsible for the US contingent .

guide

The tour takes place from the headquarters ( Resolute Support Mission Headquarters - RSM HQ ) in Kabul. The US General Austin S. Miller has been in command since September 2, 2018 .

Commanders (RSM Commander)

Surname	nation	Period
General John F. Campbell	United States	January 1, 2015 - March 2, 2016
General John W. Nicholson Jr.	United States	March 2, 2016 - September 2, 2018
General Austin S. Miller	United States	September 2, 2018 - July 16, 2021

Deputy Commanders (RSM Deputy Commander)

Deputy commander	nation	Period
Lieutenant General Carsten Jacobson	Germany	January 1, 2015 to July 2015
Lieutenant General Tim Radford	United Kingdom	July 2015 to April 5, 2016
Lieutenant General Sandy Storrie	United Kingdom	April 6, 2016 to January 30, 2017
Lieutenant General Rosario Castellano	Italy	January 31, 2017 to October 24, 2017
Lieutenant General Richard Cripwell	United Kingdom	October 24, 2017 to November 10, 2018
Lieutenant General Salvatore Camporeale	Italy	November 10, 2018 to November 2019
Lieutenant General Giles Hill	United Kingdom	November 2019 to December 16, 2020
Lieutenant General Nicola Zanelli	Italy	December 16, 2020 to July 16, 2021

RSM Chief of Staff

Surname	nation	Period
Lieutenant General Vincenzo Santo	Italy	January 1, 2015 to June 2015
Lieutenant General Frank Leidenberger	Germany	June 2015 to July 1, 2016
Lieutenant General Jürgen Weigt	Germany	July 1, 2016 to June 11, 2017
Lieutenant General Johann Langenegger	Germany	June 11, 2017 to July 16, 2018
Lieutenant General Alfons Mais	Germany	July 16, 2018 to April 1, 2019
Lieutenant General Andreas Marlow	Germany	April 1, 2019 to April 9, 2020
Lieutenant General Thorsten Poschwatta	Germany	April 9, 2020 to June 29, 2021

Commands

Subordinate commands, the so-called Train Advice Assist Commands (TAAC) , were:

TAAC Air

MD-530F helicopter for the training mission at Kabul airport

Members of the Afghan security forces after a MedEvac training by TAAC Air in Kabul (July 2015)

The TAAC Air command was responsible for the operations of the air forces as part of the RS mission. The main element was the 438th Air Expeditionary Wing of the US Air Force.

In addition, staff from Denmark, Greece, Italy, Croatia, Romania, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Turkey took part. Pilots of the Afghan security forces were trained on helicopters of the types UH-60A , Mi-17 , Mi-35 , UH-1H , MD-530F as well as aircraft of the Embraer EMB 314 Super Tucano , Cessna 208B and C-130 Hercules types .

TAAC Air with headquarters at Kabul Airport (Camp KAIA)

commander	nation	Period
Brigadier General Michael D. Rothstein	United States	January 1, 2015 to July 26, 2015
Brigadier General Christopher E. Craige	United States	July 27, 2015 to June 18, 2016
Brigadier General David W. Hicks	United States	June 19, 2016 to June 1, 2017
Brigadier General Phillip A. Stewart	United States	June 1, 2017 to June 5, 2018
Brigadier General Joel L. Carey	United States	June 5, 2018 to June 4, 2019
Brigadier General Jeffery Valenzia	United States	June 4, 2019 to June 2020
Colonel Scott T. Yeatman	United States	June 2020 to July 2021

TAAC Capital

TAAC Capital was responsible for the capital Kabul and the province of the same name (excluding Sarobi ) in close partnership with the 111th Division of the Afghan National Army and the Afghan police force. Troop positions for this came from the states of Albania, Georgia, Macedonia, Turkey and the United States.

TAAC Capital with headquarters at Kabul Airport (Camp KAIA)

commander	nation	Period
Brigadier General Şafak Gök	Turkey	January 1 to August 18, 2015
Brigadier General Şener Topuç	Turkey	August 19, 2015 to August 2016
Brigadier General Ayhan Saygın	Turkey	August 2016 to August 2017
Brigadier General Tayyar Aydin	Turkey	August 2017 to September 7, 2018
Colonel Ersan Gülen	Turkey	September 7, 2018 to April 2019
Brigadier General Yasar Dilber	Turkey	April 2019 to October 2019
Brigadier General Şahin Iğdir	Turkey	October 2019 to April 2020
Brigadier General Yasar Dener	Turkey	April 2020 to March 12, 2021
Brigadier General Selçuk Yurtsizoğlu	Turkey	March 12, 2021 to July 16, 2021

TAAC East

US soldiers from TAAC East with Afghan police in Nangarhar Province (February 2015)

In eastern Afghanistan, TAAC East was responsible for the provinces of Kapisa , Kunar , Laghman , Nangarhar , Nuristan , Punjir and Parwan .

In 2015, the US armed forces deployed personnel from the 10th Mountain Division , the 3rd Brigade Combat Team "Patriots" and the 101st Airborne Division . In addition to the United States, Poland is also participating in the area. In October 2015, at least 1,000 soldiers from the RS mission were deployed in the area of ​​TAAC East and supported around 40,000 soldiers from the Afghan National Army (ANA) in the region, including the 201st Corps.

In the second half of 2020, the majority of the forces from the 2nd Security Force Assistance Brigade came from Fort Bragg , North Carolina . More troop were the 48th Infantry Brigade Macon Volunteers of the Army National Guard of Georgia , the 101st Sustainment Brigade from Fort Campbell , Kentucky (all US Army) and the Polish 20th Mechanized Brigade Feldhetman of Lithuania Wincenty Gosiewski from Bartoszyce .

TAAC East with headquarters at Bagram Air Base ,
previously at Tactical Base Gamberi in Qarghayi district

commander	nation	Period
Brigadier General Christopher F. Bentley	United States	January 1, 2015 to October 2015
Brigadier General Michael L. Howard	United States	October 2015 to September 2016
Brigadier General Paul T. Calvert	United States	September 2016 to September 2017
Brigadier General John W. Brennan Jr.	United States	September 2017 to April 2019
Brigadier General Donn H. Hill	United States	April 2019 to February 2020
Brigadier General Charles Masaracchia	United States	February 2020 to July 2021

TAAC North

In northern Afghanistan, TAAC North was responsible for the provinces of Badachschan , Baglan , Balkh , Dschuzdschan , Faryab , Kunduz , Samangan , Sar-i Pul and Tachar and thus shares borders with the countries of China , Tajikistan , Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan .

In addition to the Federal Republic of Germany as the leading nation, numerous countries took part in TAAC North: Albania, Armenia, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Estonia, Finland, Georgia, Great Britain, Croatia, Latvia, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Mongolia, Montenegro, the Netherlands, Norway, Austria , Sweden, Turkey, Hungary and the United States. Denmark and Romania are no longer represented in TAAC North. With over 800 soldiers, the German Armed Forces make up almost two thirds of the TAAC North.

The main elements supported by the advisors are the ANA's 209th Army Corps in Dehdadi (Camp Shaheen), the Afghan National Police and the Operation Coordination Center Region (OCC-R) North. When it comes to supporting the Afghan security forces, the Bundeswehr focuses on the army and provides the bulk of the Afghan National Army Hybrid Advisory Team (ANA HAT) (ANA's hybrid advisory team ).

The Bundeswehr also maintained the Airwing Resolute Support (AW-RS) . In August 2020, this consisted of a squadron CH-53 (4 machines) and a squadron Heron 1 (3 machines). Furthermore, were at this time a multinational force protection battalion, a support battalion, a field hospital +, other medical personnel and military police used Multinational Role II. The KSK were also deployed as trainers in Afghanistan as part of Resolute Support.

TAAC North with headquarters in Mazar-e Sharif ( Camp Marmal )

commander	nation	Period
Brigadier General Harald Gante	Germany	January 1 to February 18, 2015
Brigadier General Andreas Hannemann	Germany	February 19 to December 19, 2015
Brigadier General Hartmut Renk	Germany	December 19, 2015 to November 10, 2016
Brigadier General André Bodemann	Germany	November 10, 2016 to October 3, 2017
Brigadier General Wolf-Jürgen Stahl	Germany	October 3, 2017 to August 22, 2018
Brigadier General Gerhard Ernst-Peter Klaffus	Germany	August 22, 2018 to August 21, 2019
Brigadier General Jürgen Brötz	Germany	August 21, 2019 to August 20, 2020
Brigadier General Ansgar Meyer	Germany	August 20, 2020 to June 29, 2021

TAAC South

The TAAC South comprised the southern provinces of Daikondi , Kandahar , Urusgan and Zabul . In addition to a larger contingent from the United States, soldiers from Australia, Belgium, Georgia, Great Britain, Jordan, Romania and Slovakia are also participating.

There is cooperation with the 205th Corps of the Afghan National Army and a team from the Afghan National Police.

In 2015 the USA provided personnel from the 7th Infantry Division , the 1st Brigade Combat Team "Bastogne" and the 101st Airborne Division . The 451st Air Expeditionary Group of the US Air Force is also stationed and equipped with drones at the air force base in Kandahar. In 2016, the Task Force Bayonet with parts of the 7th Infantry Division , the Task Force Warhorse with parts of the 2nd Infantry Brigade Combat Team of the 4th Infantry Division and the Task Force Comanche with parts of the 3rd Aviation Battalion (Assault) of the 4th Combat Aviation Brigade were sent to southern Afghanistan relocated. In addition, the 451st Air Expeditionary Group, equipped among other things. with MQ-1 Predator drones

In 2017, the majority of the forces of the TAAC South were provided by the 36th Infantry Division of the Texas Army National Guard , in 2018 the 40th Infantry Division of the California Army National Guard provides the main contingent.

In the second half of 2020, the 40th Infantry Division and the 2nd Infantry Brigade Combat Team of the 4th Infantry Division from Fort Carson , Colorado provided a large part of the forces. Other workers come from Bulgaria , Poland , Romania and the Ukraine .

TAAC South with headquarters at Kandahar Airport

commander	nation	Period	Remarks
Brigadier General Viet Xuan Luong	United States	January 1 to July 2015
Brigadier General Paul Bontrager	United States	July 2015 to December 2015
Brigadier General Antonio A. Aguto Jr.	United States	December 2015 to June 21, 2016
Brigadier General Samuel Lee Henry	United States	June 22, 2016 to February 28, 2017
Brigadier General Chuck Aris	United States	February 28, 2017 to October 31, 2017
Brigadier General John Lathrop	United States	October 31, 2017 to June 30, 2018
Brigadier General Jeffrey D. Smiley	United States	June 30, 2018 to October 18, 2018	Wounded in action and relieved.
Brigadier General John Shanahan	Australia	October 18, 2018 to February 24, 2019	interim
Brigadier General Miles Brown	United States	February 24, 2019 to February 2020
Colonel Trevor Bredenkamp	United States	February 2020 to May 29, 2020
Brigadier General Mike Eastman	United States	May 29, 2020 to May 2021
Lieutenant Colonel Matt Adamczyk	United States	May to July 2021	Post downgraded due to troop reduction

TAAC West

Italian soldiers of the TAAC West in the province of Herat (2019)

In the west of the country was the area of ​​responsibility of the TAAC West and included the provinces of Badghis , Farah , Ghor and Herat .

The states of Albania, Italy, Lithuania, Slovenia, Spain, Ukraine, Hungary and the United States took part.

In 2015, Italy provided personnel from the Brigata alpina “Julia” mountain troop brigade, among others. the 8th Alpini Regiment, the mechanized infantry brigade Brigata meccanizzata “Aosta” and the Aviazione dell'Esercito (AVES) (army aviators).

In the first quarter of 2018 a large part of the Italian forces were provided by the Brigata meccanizzata “Sassari” (home base in Sardinia ), in the second quarter of 2018 by the mechanized infantry brigade Brigata meccanizzata “Pinerolo” from Bari . In the first quarter of 2019, the main forces will be provided by the airmobile brigade Brigata aeromobile “Friuli” from Bologna . Their commander also became the commander of TAAC West at this time.

In the second quarter of 2019 was the Brigata di cavalleria “Pozzuolo del Friuli” from Gorizia , in the first quarter of 2020 the 132ª Brigata corazzata “Ariete” from Pordenone is the leading association in the TAAC West. Their respective commander is also the commander of TAAC West at this time. Units of the 4th Infantry Division of the US Army were also deployed in TAAC West during this period.

It supports the 207th Corps of the Afghan National Army and the 606th Police District of the Afghan National Police .

TAAC West with headquarters in Herat

commander	nation	Period
Brigadier General Maurizio Angelo Scardino	Italy	January 1 to September 14, 2015
Brigadier General Mauro D'ubaldi	Italy	September 15, 2015 to May 14, 2016
Brigadier General Gianpaolo Mirra	Italy	May 15, 2016 to January 29, 2017
Brigadier General Claudio Minghetti	Italy	January 30, 2017 to December 14, 2017
Brigadier General Gianluca Carai	Italy	December 14, 2017 to June 13, 2018
Brigadier General Francesco Bruno	Italy	June 13, 2018 to December 15, 2018
Brigadier General Salvatore Annigliato	Italy	December 15, 2018 to June 2019
Brigadier General Giovanni Parmiggiani	Italy	June 2019 to December 2019
Brigadier General Enrico Barduani	Italy	December 2019 to August 12, 2020
Brigadier General Alberto Vezzoli	Italy	August 12, 2020 to May 2021
Brigadier General Beniamino Vergori	Italy	May to July 2021

Task forces

Task Force Southwest

Task Force Southwest was established on April 29, 2017 and supported the 215th Army Corps and the 505th ANP Zone of the Afghan National Police at the brigade and Kandak levels. The headquarters are in Camp Shorabak (formerly Camp Bastion ) northwest of Laschkar Gah . Around 1,000 mostly US soldiers and 23,000 Afghan security forces were responsible for the Helmand and Nimroz provinces as part of Operation Freedom Sentinel.

Task Force Southwest

commander	nation	Period
Brigadier General Roger B. Turner, Jr.	United States	April 29, 2017 to January 15, 2018
Brigadier General Benjamin T. Watson	United States	January 15, 2018 to August 2019
Brigadier General David L. Odom	United States	August 2019 to July 2021

Task Force Southeast

As of May 2017, the task force supported the 203rd Corps of the Afghan Army and the 303rd ANP Zone of the Afghan National Police as part of Operation Khalid . Around 300 mostly US soldiers and 40,000 Afghan security forces were responsible for the provinces of Paktia , Paktika , Logar , Wardak , Ghazni , Khost and Bamiyan and thus also the 570-kilometer border with Pakistan . Headquarters in Gardez .

Task Force Southeast

commander	nation	Period
Brigadier General David M. Hamilton	United States	May 2017 to May 2018
Brigadier General Richard F. Johnson	United States	May 2018 to April 2019
Brigadier General Kevin D. Admiral	United States	April 2019 to February 2020
Brigadier General Leigh Tingey	United Kingdom	February 2020 to July 2021

States involved

overview

The following states are involved in the mission:

Country	Strength May 2015	Strength April 2016	Strength May 2017	Strength July 2018	Strength September 2020
Albania *	42	43	83	136	99
Armenia	121	121	121	121	121
Azerbaijan	94	94	94	120	120
Australia	400	229	270	300	200
Belgium *	43	60	62	78	92
Bosnia and Herzegovina	53	55	55	63	66
Bulgaria *	110	84	92	158	160
Denmark *	160	90	97	155	108
Germany *	850	850	980	1,300	1,300
Estonia *	4th	4th	4th	40	45
Finland	80	41	29	29	65
Georgia	885	870	872	870	860
Greece *	4th	4th	4th	6th	11
Iceland **	4th	2	2	2	0
Ireland *	7th	0	0	0	0
Italy *	500	829	1037	895	895
Croatia *	0	106	95	105	76
Latvia *	25th	21	22nd	37	40
Lithuania *	70	14th	21	50	25th
Luxembourg *	1	1	1	2	2
North Macedonia	38	39	39	47	42
Mongolia	120	120	120	120	233
Montenegro *	17th	17th	18th	20th	32
Netherlands *	83	83	100	160	160
New Zealand	8th	8th	10	13th	9
Norway *	56	46	42	55	61
Austria	10	10	10	17th	11
Poland *	150	200	198	315	360
Portugal *	10	10	10	193	188
Romania *	650	650	587	693	738
Sweden	30th	27	25th	29	13th
Slovakia *	39	36	38	36	20th
Slovenia *	7th	7th	7th	8th	6th
Spain *	294	9	8th	40	36
Czech Republic *	0	232	223	281	91
Turkey *	503	508	659	506	600
Ukraine	10	10	10	11	13th
Hungary *	97	96	90	93	89
United States *	6,287	6,800	6,941	8,475	8,000
United Kingdom *	470	470	500	650	950
NATO countries *	11,325	11,257	11,903	14,489	14,291
Non-NATO countries	1,874	1,641	1,673	1,740	1,646
total	13.199	12,898	13,576	16,229	15,937

Germany

Germany participated in the application from 1 January 2015 to 29 June 2021 pursuant to the resolution of the German Bundestag of 18 December 2014, with up to 850 Bundeswehr - soldiers and took over as the framework nation in Mazar-i-Sharif special responsibility. The Camp Marmal there was the base of the German contingent and the TAA Command North, led by a German brigadier general . In addition, other German soldiers did their service in Kabul and Bagram . Until the closure on December 20, 2015, the Termez strategic air transport base in Uzbekistan.

The following services and skills were provided for the German participation in "Resolute Support" in Afghanistan:

• Advice, training and support;
• Stabilization, securing, protection and, if necessary, evacuation ;
• Leadership ;
• Leadership support ;
• logistical and other support including transport, handling and relocation;
• Military communications ;
• medical services including air transport of the wounded;
• Reconnaissance and surveillance, including aerial reconnaissance and surveillance and evaluation;
• Civil-military cooperation including humanitarian aid and support services

In addition, forces were deployed in mission staffs and headquarters, including forces to support leadership skills.

A German soldier died during the deployment in Camp Marmal. A total of around 135,000 German soldiers have been deployed in Afghanistan since 2001, 56 perishing there (as of July 2017).

Losses and other incidents

The American Krissie K. Davis was killed in an attack on Bagram Air Base on June 8, 2015. She worked for the Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) at the Department of Defense.

The American Peter A. McKenna of the 7th Special Forces Group (Airborne) was killed in an attack on Camp Integrity near Kabul on August 7, 2015 .

On August 28, 2015, an attacker dressed in Afghan army uniform killed the two US Air Force soldiers Matthew D. Roland and Forrest B. Sibley of the Special Tactics Squadron (STS) in their vehicle near Camp Antonik (formerly Camp Bastion) in Helmand province .

At around midnight local time on the night of October 1 to October 2, 2015, a US Lockheed C-130 transport plane crashed at Jalalabad airport in Afghanistan . Six US soldiers and five civilians who were involved in the mission died. The cause of the crash is unclear.

On October 11, 2015, a Eurocopter AS 332L2 Super Puma Mk2 transport helicopter crashed near Kabul . Two British soldiers, two US soldiers and a French civilian died.

On December 21, 2015, near Bajawryan and the US air force base in Bagram, at least seven people, including six US soldiers as part of the Resolute Support mission, were killed in a suicide attack by the Taliban . Four of the US soldiers belonged to units of the United States Air Force Office of Special Investigations (AFOSI) and two soldiers to the Air National Guard of the US state of New York.

On January 4, 2016, a German army vehicle was attacked by a suicide bomber in Kabul while it was on its way to the airport. Two Bundeswehr soldiers were slightly injured.

On January 5, 2016, US Staff Sergeant Matthew Q. McClintock of the 19th Special Forces Group (Airborne) died after a gun battle near Marjah in Helmand Province .

On May 7, 2016, two soldiers from the Romanian armed forces were killed by two attackers in Afghan military uniforms during a training mission for the Afghan police in the south of the country . Another was injured. The attackers were then killed.

An operation in Kunduz province on November 5, 2016 killed 2 US soldiers, 30 Afghan civilians, 4 Afghan special forces and 26 insurgents. The aim of the operation was to prevent an attack on the city of Kunduz .

On November 10, 2016, the German consulate general in Mazar-e Sharif was attacked with a car bomb. 6 people died and 120 were injured. The next morning, three male people drove towards the cordoned off crime scene on motorcycles, continued their journey despite warning shots and were then shot at by soldiers from the German Armed Forces. Two of the men died and the third was seriously injured.

On November 12, 2016, Bagram Air Base was attacked by a suicide bomber who detonated an explosive device in the canteen. Two US soldiers and two US employees of private security companies died. In addition, 16 US soldiers and one Polish soldier were injured.

An Afghan soldier shot dead and injured three US soldiers in Nangarhar province on June 10, 2017 . Indeed, the radical Islamic Taliban claimed responsibility.

On August 5, 2018, three Czech soldiers were killed during a foot patrol near Tscharikar in a suicide attack by the radical Islamic Taliban . Two Afghan National Army soldiers and one US soldier are wounded.

On October 19, 2018, in an attack by the radical Islamic Taliban after a meeting in the Governor's Palace in Kandahar , which was also attended by the commander of the Resolute Support Mission, US General Austin S. Miller , the police chief of Kandahar Province, Lt. Gen. Abdul Rasik Achiksai, the Kandahar intelligence chief, General Abdul Momin Hussein Chel and journalist Salim Dschan Naumedi killed. Kandahar Governor Zulmai Wesa is seriously injured. After the attack, the parliamentary elections for Kandahar province were officially postponed.

Web links

Commons : Resolute Support  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• RS-Internet portal NATO (English)
• RS info page of the command and control command of the Bundeswehr
• Tilo Jung : Bundeswehr soldiers about their job in Afghanistan Jung & Naiv , episode 340 (interviews with Bundeswehr soldiers from the Resolute Support Mission about their tasks, 2017)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ n-tv NEWS: NATO mission in Afghanistan is history. Retrieved July 17, 2021 . 
2. ↑ NATO-led Resolute Support Mission in Afghanistan NATO press release , January 6, 2015.
3. ↑ https://www.dw.com/de/nato-startet-mit-dem-abzug-aus-afghanistan/a-57395501
4. ↑ https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/17/us/politics/biden-us-forces-afghanistan-may.html
5. ↑ https://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/asien/afghanistan-taliban-truppenabzug-101.html
6. ↑ https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/von-trump-zu-biden/amerikaner-stellen-abzug-binnen-14-monaten-in-aussicht-16657527.html
7. ^ Matthias Gebauer: Bundeswehr: Corona crisis accelerates withdrawal from Afghanistan. In: Spiegel Online - Politics. Retrieved March 24, 2020 . 
8. ↑ Trainen, adviseren én operations ondersteunen - 02 - Alle Hens. Retrieved March 24, 2020 (nl-NL). 
9. ↑ Dutch and German Special Forces support the Afghanistan Triple 8 wearing NoizeBarrier TAC. Retrieved March 24, 2020 . 
10. ^ Brigadier makes Australian military history in Afghanistan. In: https://news.defence.gov.au/ . Australian Government - Department of Defense, April 12, 2019, accessed April 23, 2019 . 
11. ↑ nato.int (PDF)
12. ↑ nato.int (PDF)
13. ↑ nato.int (PDF)
14. ↑ Resolute Support Mission (RSM): Key Facts and Figures. NATO, accessed January 10, 2021 . 
15. ↑ tagesschau.de: Afghanistan mission: Bundeswehr flies out the last soldiers. Retrieved June 29, 2021 . 
16. ^ German advisor in the war zone - Bundeswehr in Afghanistan. Bundeswehr, May 15, 2018, accessed on February 11, 2019 . 
17. ↑ Guardian Angel with Firepower - Bundeswehr in Afghanistan. Bundeswehr, May 17, 2018, accessed on February 11, 2019 . 
18. ^ The Personnel Recovery Team - Bundeswehr in Afghanistan. Bundeswehr, accessed on February 5, 2019 . 
19. ↑ No stability in sight. NATO mission in Afghanistan. Deutschlandfunk - " Background " from August 1, 2017.
20. ↑ DoD Identifies DoD Civilian Casualty - Release No: NR-222-15. Department of Defense , July 9, 2015, accessed January 9, 2016 . 
21. ↑ Green Beret killed in Afghanistan recommended for Silver Star. armytimes.com, August 13, 2015, accessed January 9, 2016 . 
22. ↑ DoD Identifies Army Casualties - Release No: NR-324-15. Department of Defense , August 9, 2015, accessed January 9, 2016 . 
23. ↑ Defense Department identifies two US servicemen killed in 'green-on-blue' Afghan attack. UPI , August 27, 2015, accessed January 9, 2016 . 
24. ↑ DoD Identifies Air Force Casualties - Release No: NR-341-15. Department of Defense , August 27, 2015, accessed January 9, 2016 . 
25. ↑ Eleven dead as US plane crashes at Afghanistan airport in: The Guardian , October 2, 2015, accessed October 2, 2015.
26. ↑ Resolute Support Casualty, October 12, 2015. NATO , October 12, 2015, archived from the original on December 22, 2015 ; accessed on December 21, 2015 . 
27. ↑ 6 US troops killed as violence rocks Afghanistan. CBS News , December 21, 2015, accessed December 21, 2015 . 
28. ↑ DoD Identifies Air Force Casualties - Press Operations Release No: NR-480-15. Department of Defense , December 22, 2015, accessed May 7, 2016 . 
29. ↑ Series of violence shakes Afghanistan | Currently Asia. In: dw.com. Deutsche Welle , January 4, 2016, accessed on November 11, 2016 . 
30. ↑ Press Operations Release No: NR-006-16. Department of Defense , January 6, 2016, accessed May 7, 2016 . 
31. ↑ Press Operations Release No: NR-006-16. Donaukurier , January 8, 2016, archived from the original on May 8, 2016 ; Retrieved May 8, 2016 . 
32. ^ Ray Sanchez: US military: Afghan civilians likely killed. CNN , accessed November 7, 2016 . 
33. ↑ Attack on the consulate in Mazar-i-Sharif in Afghanistan: Bundeswehr soldiers shoot two suspects. In: N24.de. Retrieved November 11, 2016 . 
34. ↑ 4 dead and 14 injured: Taliban commit to attack on US base. In: FOCUS Online. Retrieved November 12, 2016 . 
35. ↑ Suicide attack in Bagram: Murderous day for US troops in Afghanistan. In: N24.de. Retrieved November 12, 2016 . 
36. ↑ https://www.bote.ch/nachrichten/international/drei-us-soldaten-in-afghanistan-erschossen;art46446,1017531
37. ↑ Three NATO soldiers killed in the Taliban attack in Parwan. Deutsche Welle , August 5, 2018, accessed on August 5, 2018 . 
38. ↑ Afghanistan: Kandahar police chief killed in attack. In: tagesspiegel.de . October 18, 2018, accessed October 18, 2018 . 
39. ↑ Kandahar's chief of police killed in attack in southern Afghanistan. In: Welt Online . October 18, 2018, accessed October 18, 2018 .