Polná
| Polná | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Kraj Vysočina | ||||
| District : | Jihlava | ||||
| Area : | 3777 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 29 ' N , 15 ° 43' E | ||||
| Height: | 490 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 5,141 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 588 13 | ||||
| License plate : | J | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | city | ||||
| Districts: | 5 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Jindřich Skočdopole (as of 2006) | ||||
| Address: | Husovo náměstí 39 588 13 Polná |
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| Municipality number: | 587711 | ||||
| Website : | www.mesto-polna.cz | ||||
Polná (German Polna , older Polm ) is a town in the Okres Jihlava in the Czech Republic . It is located 16 kilometers northeast of the district town of Jihlava .
geography
Polná geographically belongs to the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands . In the city, the Jamenský potok, Zhořský potok and Ochozský potok converge in the Peklo reservoir and form the Šlapanka River , which is dammed again 3 km north at the confluence of the Skrýšovský potok in the Kukle reservoir.
Neighboring towns are Česká Jablonná and Přibyslav in the north, Špinov and Poděšin in the north-east, Rudolec and Janovice in the east, Zhoř and Dobroutov in the south-east, Věžnička and Jamné in the south, Ždirec and Dobronín in the south-west, Štoky in the west and Šlapanov and Dolní Věž in the north.
history
Polná was on the Haberner Steig , which led from Prague via Deutschbrod to Moravia . It was first mentioned in a document from King Wenceslas I in 1242 when he confirmed the possession of Pol (m) na dem Jan, son of Zbislav von Bradčice. The document also shows that Polná already had one of St. Church dedicated to Mary. In the second half of the 13th century it developed into a city. Later owners were the Brno burgrave Wichard / Vikart von Polná and Heinrich von Leipa . During the Hussite Wars it belonged to Hynek Ptáček von Pirkstein , who acquired the neighboring Přibyslav and united it with the Polish rule. By marriage of Hynek Ptáček's daughter Margarethe / Markéta in 1463 with Viktorin , a son of the Bohemian King George of Podebrady , Polná came to this. In 1479 he granted the city significant city privileges and a coat of arms. Subsequently, it was owned by the Trčka von Lípa family , from whom Karl von Waldstein bought it in 1538 and passed on to Zacharias von Neuhaus through marriage in 1553 . After Zacharias death in 1589, his nephew Adam II von Neuhaus appropriated the Polish rule. His son Joachim Ulrich had to sell it to his greatest creditor Hartwig Zeidlitz / Seidlitz von Schönfeld ( Hertvík Zejdlic ze Šenfeldu ) in 1597 . Because of his participation in the Bohemian uprising of the estates , Rudolf Zeidlitz von Schönfeld lost his possessions through imperial confiscation after the battle of the White Mountain . The entire Polish rule was acquired by Cardinal Franz Xaver von Dietrichstein in 1623 , from whom it was bequeathed to the Dietrichstein family, who owned it for almost 300 years.
In the 19th century, Polná was an important center of the National Revival of the Czechs , which was supported by the writer Božena Němcová , who worked in Polná in 1840/42. In addition to textile production, wood processing was of economic importance. After the town fire in 1863, in which 189 houses were destroyed, further development stagnated. Another disadvantage was that Polná was initially not connected to the Austrian Northwest Railway . It was not until 1903 that it was connected to the Polna-Stecken – Polna Stadt local railway , on which passenger traffic was discontinued in 1982.
Attractions
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- Polná Castle from the 13th century was renovated in 1490 and converted into a chateau after 1584. 1623–1636 it was expanded and destroyed by the Swedes in 1646/47. After reconstruction, it was rebuilt in 1690–1693 and 1753 and partially demolished in 1844 after a fire. The city museum is now located in the restored part.
- The Church of the Assumption was built in 1699–1707 on the site of a previous Gothic building.
- The St. Anna Hospital Church was built in 1447, redesigned in Baroque style in 1684 and rebuilt in the neo-Gothic style in the 19th century.
- The cemetery church of St. Katharina was built around 1340, expanded in 1488 and in the 17th and 18th centuries. Rebuilt in the 19th century.
- The St. Barbara cemetery church dates from 1720/25.
- The Dean's Office from the beginning of the 18th century
- Renaissance town houses on the market
- The building of the civil brewery from the years 1863–1865
- On the eastern edge of the city is the former Jewish ghetto from 1668, the synagogue from 1684 and the Jewish cemetery from the 16th century.
Ritual murder trial
One of the last and most famous ritual murder legends in the Habsburg monarchy is also connected with the town of Polná . On March 29, 1899, the 19-year-old seamstress Anežka Hrůzová from Malá Věžnice was murdered in the forest near Polná and the Jewish journeyman cobbler Leopold Hilsner was suspected of the act. The criminal investigation and the subsequent process, which became known as the Hilsner case , were strongly anti-Semitic in color, in particular Hilsner was implicitly accused of ritual murder . After the first judgment passed by the District Court of Kuttenberg was overturned on April 25, 1900 by the Supreme Court and Cassation Court on the basis of an annulment complaint, the proceedings were delegated to the jury in Pisek . Hilsner sentenced Hilsner to death on November 14, 1900, and a new nullity complaint before the Supreme Court was rejected on April 23, 1901. At the behest of u. a. from Tomáš Masaryk Hilsner was pardoned by Emperor Franz Joseph I to life imprisonment; Efforts to reopen the case failed. In 1918 Hilsner was released due to a new pardon. Rehabilitation did not take place.
Districts
The localities belong to the city of Polná
- Hrbov ( Herbau )
- Janovice ( Janowitz )
- Nové Dvory ( German Neuhof ) and
- Skrýšov ( Skrischow )
economy
The company TKZ produces furniture fittings and accessories here.
traffic
Rail traffic on the Polna-Stecken – Polna Stadt line was discontinued in 1982. State road 348 runs through the village.
Personalities
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- Carl Warhanek (1829–1900), entrepreneur, purveyor to the court and honorary citizen
- Josef Seegen (1822–1904), professor for balneologist and physiologist at the University of Vienna
- Karel Knittl (1853–1907), composer, conductor and music teacher
literature
- Joachim Bahlcke , Winfried Eberhard, Miloslav Polívka (eds.): Handbook of historical places . Volume: Bohemia and Moravia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 329). Kröner, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-520-32901-8 , pp. 465-466.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original dated December 7, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Georg R. Schroubek : The "ritual murder" of Polná - traditional and modern delusional belief. In: Rainer Erb , Michael Schmidt (ed.): Anti-Semitism and Jewish history. Studies in honor of Herbert A. Strauss . Wissenschaftlicher Autorverlag , Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-88840-248-4 , pp. 149-171.
