89 e régiment d'infantry

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Régiment Royal-Suédois
89 e regiment d'infanterie

Insigne régimentaire du 89e Régiment d'Infanterie, Royal Suédois..jpg

Association badge of the 89 e régiment d'infanterie
active 1690 to 1993
Country Blason France modern.svg Flag of France.svg France
Armed forces Blason France modern.svg Flag of France.svg french army
Armed forces army
Branch of service infantry
Type regiment
Patron saint Saint-Maurice d'Agaune
motto Le brave
Awards Fourragère des Croix de Guerre 1914-18 with two palm branches

The 89 e régiment d'infanterie was an infantry regiment, set up in 1690 as Régiment de Leisler in the Kingdom of France and in service during the Ancien Régime (afterwards with a few interruptions) until it was dissolved in 1993. Until it was unified by the numbering created during the Revolution, it carried as a so-called foreign regiment ( infantry étrangère de ligne ), the last name was "Royal Suédois - Royal Swedish" - although it was a German regiment.

The "Régiment de Leisler" was formed from prisoners of war after the Battle of Fleurus as the "German Regiment" with a colonel as regiment owner and Swedish officers. The majority of the teams at that time came from Swedish Pomerania . On July 1, 1690, the German officer Heinrich Leisler (also Lesler is given), who served as captain in the Swiss regiment Stuppa le jeune , was ordered to establish this regiment. He was able to set up 10 companies that had come from a Swedish-Pomeranian regiment into Dutch service. This regiment claimed to have never been defeated in battle, but had found its master in the battle with the Régiment de Navarre .

Lineup and significant changes

  • August 1, 1690: Establishment of the Régiment de Leisler
  • October 20, 1694: Renamed the Régiment de Sparre
  • March 10, 1714: Renamed the Régiment de Lenck
  • December 19, 1734: Renamed the Régiment d'Appelgrehn
  • October 30, 1742: Renamed the Régiment Royal-Suédois
On the basis of his services in the Bohemian campaign, King Louis XV decided. with the order of October 30, 1742, to give the regiment name the addition "Royal" and thus to grant it the privileges of a royal regiment. The second part of the name was chosen because the regiment was originally formed from German soldiers of Swedish nationality.
  • January 1, 1791: renamed 89 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne
  • 1794: First army reform . The regiment was on 19 July 1794 its two battalions as one he battalion (ci-devant Royal Suédois) to 161 e demi-brigade de Bataille and 2 e battalion (ci-devant Royal Suédois) to 162 e demi- brigade de bataille turned off. This ended the regimental association and the line of tradition.
  • 1804: By renaming the previously existing “Demi-brigades d'infanterie”, the term “Régiments d'infanterie de ligne” was reintroduced. However, the unit was not set up again and listed as "vacant" in the regiments of regiments. The 89 e demi-brigade d'infanterie intended for the re-establishment of the 89 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne was used on September 24, 1803 to establish the 14 e régiment d'infanterie légère .
  • 1855: The former “14 e régiment d'infanterie légère” was converted to the “89 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne”.

After the First World War it was dissolved at an unknown point in time.

At the beginning of the Second World War , the regiment was set up again. Information on the further whereabouts is not available.

Mestres de camp / Colonels

Mestre de camp was from 1569 to 1661 and from 1730 to 1780 the denomination of rank for the regiment holder and / or for the officer in charge of the regiment. The name "Colonel" was used from 1721 to 1730, from 1791 to 1793 and from 1803 onwards.

After 1791 there were no more regimental owners.

Should the Mestre de camp / Colonel be a person of the high nobility who had no interest in leading the regiment (such as the king or queen), the command was given to the "Mestre de camp lieutenant" (or “Mestre de camp en second”) or the “Colonel-lieutenant” or “Colonel en second”.

Colonels

  • August 1, 1690: Johan Henrik Leisler
  • October 20, 1694: Erik Sparre, baron de Toffeta, comte de Sundby
  • March 10, 1714: Jakob Gustaf Lenck
  • December 19, 1734: Pierre Appelgrehn († August 22, 1742)
  • October 30, 1742: Josef Ignaz Magnus Toffeta, comte de Sparre de Kronembourg
  • April 22, 1756: Alexander Serafin Josef Toffeta, comte de Sparre de Kronembourg
  • January 18, 1760: Orthon Friedrich von Bülow
  • July 20, 1761: Michel de Maës
  • April 16, 1767: Pierre de Chambge d'Elbecq
  • June 22, 1767: Louis Hermann von Waldner
  • June 17, 1770: Ludvig Ernst Josef Toffeta, comte de Sparre de Kronembourg
  • April 16, 1771: Carl Gideon Sinclair
  • April 28, 1778: Hugo Hamilton
  • November 11, 1782: Walther von Nyvenheim
  • September 21, 1783: Fredrik Axel von Fersen
  • March 24, 1784: Curt von Stedingk
  • June 4, 1790: Charles-Léopold, baron de Fuerstenwaerther
  • January 1, 1793: Joseph de Brusselles
  • [...]
  • 1804: Jean-Baptiste Bruny
  • [...]
  • 1870: Colonel Munier
  • [...]
  • 1939: Lieutenant-colonel Baudelle
  • [...]

Furnishing

Royal flags

The regiment carried 15 orderly flags and one body flag.

  • Life flag (Drapeau Colonel) 1690 to 1760

  • Régiment Leisler, Sparre, Lenk and Appelgrehn 1690 to 1742

  • Régiment Royal-Suédois 1742 to 1760

  • Régiment Royal-Suédois 1760 to 1791

Uniform until 1794

  • Régiment de Lenck 1729 to 1734

  • 1734 to 1742

  • Grenadier du régiment Royal-Suédois 1762 to 1776

  • Régiment Royal-Suédois 1776 to 1791

  • 89 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne 1791 to 1792

  • 89 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne 1792 to 1794

Mission history

War of the Palatinate Succession

1694: capture of Hostalric
1695: Capture of Castellfollit de la Roca

War of the Spanish Succession

1702: Used in battle near Nijmegen
1703: Battle of Eckeren
1704: Committed to the army of Coigny on the Moselle .
1705: the army of Villars commanded
1706: Back in Flanders to take part in the Battle of Ramillies . Reduced to 702 men, it then fought in the defense of Menen .
1707: in use with the Brigade de Royal
1708: In the battle of Oudenaarde and the siege of Lille. Subsequently, quarters were taken up in the field camp of Meldert.
1709: Battle of Malplaquet , battles at Arleux , Douai, le Quesnoy and Bouchain
1713: Assignment to the army on the Rhine with the participation in the conquest of Landau and Freiburg im Breisgau
1714: At the end of the war, the regiment was reduced to one battalion and took over the name "Régiment de Lenck".
In 1727 the regiment was in the camp on the Sambre and in 1733 in the camp in Alsace.

War of the Polish Succession from 1733 to 1738

1733: The regiment took part in the occupation of Nancy and Lorraine. By order of November 1, it was reinforced to three battalions.
1734: In this year the unit was used in the capture of Trier , von Trarbach and the siege of Philippsburg . In December the regiment was quartered in Meisenheim . When the castle caught fire, the French soldiers were used to extinguish the fire. The Mestre de camp Lenck died from overexertion. He was replaced by Mestre de camp lieutenant Appelgrehn.
1735: The regiment was initially in the Augersheim camp and then took part in the battle near Klausen .
1737: Even before the end of the war, the regiment was reduced to a battalion on January 8th, which was stationed in the Hüningen fortress .

War of the Austrian Succession 1740 to 1748

1741: On May 15, the regiment was reinforced again to two battalions.
1742: In the brigade formation with the Régiment de Picardie , the unit left Strasbourg in March and arrived in Donauwörth on April 1st. From here the march to Bohemia took place with use in the battles near Frauenberg , Vodňany and Sahay. In June the regiment reached Prague . "Appelgrehn" was on the right wing of the troops who withdrew from the city with the Maréchal de Belle-Isle during the siege of Prague in October . Colonel d'Appelgrehn's wrist was shattered by a bullet, and he eventually died as a result of this wound. In October the regiment was in Budweis to take up the relief army advancing from Westphalia. Back in Prague, it left the city after being surrendered by the French and took part in the march to Eger , where a detachment had already been posted. When they arrived in Bavaria, all German regiments were ordered to stop on the Danube .
1743: On January 18, it was incorporated into the army in Bavaria and took part in another campaign in Bohemia, during which it was seconded to Eger, which was then subjected to another siege. Again, it could excel. On February 1, the Mestre de camp de Sparre broke out of the siege with 500 men from his regiment and escaped to the Principality of Bayreuth . On January 23, the Mestre de camp-lieutenant Tunderfeld undertook a sortie with the remaining parts of the regiment to obtain food and was able to return successfully to the city, although he was pursued by an imperial cuirassier regiment. On April 19, the French gave up Eger, "Royal-Suédois" first marched on the Danube and returned to France in July.
1744: Assigned to the Rhine, the regiment stood at the capture of Weissenburg , on the lines of the Lauter and in the battle near Auenheim . In September, the Comte de Ségur's army was transferred to Bavaria with the attack on Donauwörth, where winter quarters were then obtained.
1745: Participation in the Battle of Pfaffenhofen . The regiment's grenadiers brought up the rear after the defeat and secured the troops' departure. "Royal-Suédois" was then assigned to the campaign on the Upper Rhine.
1746: First on the Saar, then the order was given to conquer Namur, but the fortress had already fallen before the regiment got there. This was followed by incorporation into the army with participation in the Battle of Roucourt , in which "Royal-Suédois" was able to distinguish itself together with the Régiment de Champagne in the attack on the village of Ance. Winter quarters were taken in Namur.
1747: Under the command of the Comte d'Estrées , defensive positions were taken on the banks of the Meuse and the army's supply routes were protected. After the battle of Lauffeldt , the regiment was initially in Huy and then in Maastricht at the end of the war .

On November 12, 1746, the regiment was still four battalions strong. By order of December 26, 1748, it was reduced to three and by order of February 1, 1749 to two battalions.

1756: The regiment was quartered in the Dunkirk camp .

Seven Years War

1757: Departure from Dunkirk with arrival in Cologne on April 16. "Royal Suédois" fought with distinction in the battle of Hastenbeck . Lieutenant Dahestierna fell here. The Electorate of Braunschweig-Lüneburg was marched into the Electorate of Braunschweig-Lüneburg with the army of du Plessis , Minden and Hanover were conquered and Harburg Castle was besieged.
1758: Back on the Rhine at the beginning of the year, “Royal-Suédois” stood as a brigade together with the Régiment de Vaubecourt on July 12 at Rheinfeld . Then it fought in the battle of Krefeld, in the battle near Sondershausen, in the capture of Kassel and in the battle of Lutterberg .
1759: The regiment distinguished itself in the Battle of Bergen .
1760: On January 18, the regiment was strengthened to three battalions with the incorporation of the Régiment Royal-Pologne . In the battle near Korbach , the unit was once again used decisively. It was under the command of the Maréchal de camp Comte de Saint-Germain .
1762: By order of December 21st, the unit was reduced to two battalions. The regiment was then stationed in the Hüningen Fortress and moved to Fort-Louis in 1763 .

In November 1764 the relocation to Schlettstadt, in August 1765 to Neu-Breisach, in November 1766 to Condé, in June 1767 to Aire-sur-la-Lys , in November 1767 to Gravelines , in October 1768 to Maubeuge , in July 1769 In the Camp de Compiègne , in December 1770 to Saarlouis , in October 1771 to Strasbourg , in September 1772 to Fort-Louis , in December 1773 to Strasbourg, in October 1775 to Bitche , in March 1778 to Schlettstadt and Neu-Breisach , in December 1778 to Strasbourg, in October 1780 to Belfort and Hüningen, in September 1781 to the Seine .

American War of Independence

1781: On October 20, "Royal-Suédois" was loaded onto ships together with three other regiments in Toulon and transported to Menorca . Under the command of the Duc de Crillon , Maó was besieged and taken.
1782: Relocation to Spain, where floating batteries were fought near Gibraltar on September 17th. Lieutenant Myring and 25 men died.
1783: The regiment remained in Spain until the middle of the year and returned to France in October, where it was stationed in Avesnes and Philippeville .

The transfer to Landrecies and Valenciennes took place in June 1785, to Maubeuge in March 1786, to Valenciennes in March 1787, to Saint-Brieuc in July 1788 and to Valenciennes in October 1789.

At this time, the regiment's commanding officer was Colonel Hans Axel von Fersen , “favorite” of Queen Marie-Antoinette and, in 1791, one of the main actors in the failed escape of the king.

The regiment itself could not influence the loyal behavior of its commander, it did not join its related activities.

Coalition wars

The 1st Battalion was assigned to the Armée du Nord (Northern Army) in April 1792. In August it left Valenciennes and joined the corps of Général La Bourdonnay. The 2nd Battalion was in Metz at this time. At the end of the year, the two battalions were in Flanders, taking part in the first conquest of Belgium. They moved into garrisons in Antwerp and in the Duchy of Geldern . After the Battle of Neerwinden the misplaced 89 e régiment d'infantry in the Nord and took part in various battles here.

On July 19, 1794, the regimental association was dissolved and the 1st battalion was used to set up the 161 e demi-brigade de bataille and the 2nd battalion to set up the 162 e demi-brigade de bataille .

Second Empire

  • 1855: The light infantry was disbanded and the units were converted into line infantry regiments. As a result, these were built with the number from 75 upwards. The former “14 e régiment d'infanterie légère” became the “89 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne”.
  • 1856 to 1859: Used in the conquest of Algeria
  • 1859: Sardinian War (deployment in Northern Italy)
  • 1870: Franco-German War
On August 1, the regiment was assigned to the Armée du Rhin (Rhine Army). Together with the 53 e régiment d'infantry under Colonel Japy it formed the second infantry brigade together under Général de La Bastide and this with the 1st infantry brigade Général Guiomar, two field artillery batteries of four guns, a battery mitrailleuses and a pioneer company 2 Infantry division under Général de division Liébert. This division was under the 7th Army Corps of Général de division Felix Douay.
September 1st: Deployment in the Battle of Sedan

First World War

At the beginning of the war the regiment was stationed in Paris , Vincennes and Sens . During the whole war it belonged to the 19th Infantry Brigade of the 10th Infantry Division in the 5th Army Corps.

  • 1914
Defensive battles at Sorbey (Meuse) (August 24th), at Fosse (August 30th) and at Cierges (September 2nd).
Participation in the Battle of the Marne with fights at Lairmont, Bussy-la-Côte (September 6th to 11th). Then trench warfare in the Argonne near Cheppy and Vauquois (September to December).
Positions at Vauquois
  • 1915
Trench warfare in the Argonne (January to December)
  • 1916
Trench warfare in the Argonne (January to July), trench warfare on the Somme (September / October)
  • 1917
Trench warfare on the Aisne
  • 1918
Trench warfare on the Aisne until June. At Pontavert, Battle of Noyon , at Maucourt (Oise) , Braugues, Quesmy, bois de la Cave, cote 141, ferme St. Claude. Rest in June in Alsace . Attack fighting in Champagne in July. Participation in the Battle of the Marne . In October until the end of the war, persecution fights in the Champagne near Condé-en-Brie , Guignicourt and Variscourt.

Second World War

On September 7, 1939, the unit was re-established under the command of Lieutenant-colonel Baudelle by the Région Militaire, Center Mobilisateur d'infanterie, Réserve A RI type NE (CMI 83) and assigned to the 18th Infantry Division. She was used in defensive battles south of Amiens . Further information is currently not available.

Regimental flags since 1854

On the back of the regimental flag (since Napoleonic times) the campaigns and battles in which the regiment took part are listed in gold letters.

Throughout its history, the regiment carried a dozen different flags in succession.

  • Model 1854 front

  • Model 1880 front side

  • Model 1880 back

Awards

The regiment's flag ribbon is decorated with the Croix de guerre 1914–1918 with two palm branches. The Fourragère des "Croix de guerre 1914-1918" is led by the flag. The members of the regiment also have the right to wear this distinction (awarded on January 3, 1919). There is also an honorable mention in the corps report.

  • Croix de guerre with two palm branches

  • Fourragère in the colors of the Croix de Guerre

Motto

Le brave
(the brave)

literature

  • Général Serge Andolenko : Recueil d'Historiques de l'Infanterie Française. Eurimprim, Paris 1969.
  • Margareta Beckman: Under fransk fana! Royal Suédois. Svenskt regemente i fransk tjänst 1690–1791. Norstedt, Stockholm 1995, ISBN 978-91-1-943222-3 .
  • Eugène Fieffé: Histoire des troupes étrangères au service de la France. Depuis leur origine jusqu'à nos jours. Volume 1. Librairie militaire de J. Dumaine, Paris 1854, ISBN 2-904221-15-8 ( digitized version of the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek ).
  • Liliane and Fred Funcken: L'uniforme et les armes des soldats de la guerre en dentelle. Volume 1: France: Maison du roi et infanterie sous Louis XV et Louis XVI. Grande-Bretagne et Prusse: infantry (1700 à 1800). Casterman, Tournai 1975, ISBN 2-203-14315-0 . Volume 2: 1700-1800. France, Grande-Bretagne et Prusse: cavalerie et artillerie. Autres pays: infantry, cavalry, artillery. Casterman, Tournai 1976, ISBN 2-203-14316-9 .
  • Thomas Balch: Les Français en Amérique pendant la Guerre de l'Indépendance des États-Unis 1777–1783. A. Sauton, Paris 1872 ( digitized version of the Bibliothèque nationale de France ; PDF; 2.08 MB).
  • M. Pinard: Chronologie historique-militaire. Volume 7 and 8. Paris 1764 and 1778.

Footnotes and individual references

  1. ↑ Pomerania was still part of Sweden at that time.
  2. ↑ Pierre Lemau de la Jaisse: Cinquième abrégé de la carte générale du militaire de France, sur terre et sur mer. Depuis Novembre 1737 jusqu'en Décembre 1738. Gandouin et al., Paris 1739, OCLC 458013263 .
  3. ↑ This was the flag of the 1st Company, which (theoretically) was led by the regiment owner as a personal company - d. H. it had no regular company commander, but only one commander "en second".
  4. ↑ He may have had a heart attack.
  5. ↑ «  Décision n ° 12350 / SGA / DPMA / SHD / DAT du 14 September 2007 relative aux inscriptions de noms de batailles sur les drapeaux et étendards des corps de troupe de l'armée de terre, du service de santé des armées et du service des essences des armées, Bulletin officiel des armées, n ° 27, 9 November 2007  »(German:“ Provision n ° 12350 / SGA / DPMA / SHD / DAT of September 14, 2007 on the appearance of the inscriptions on the flags and standards of the Troops of the army, the medical service and the fuel supply branch. Published with the official army bulletin No. 27 of November 9, 2007 ")
  6. ↑ "  Arrêté relatif à l'attribution de l'inscription AFN 1952–1962 sur les drapeaux et étendards des formations des armées et services, du 19 novembre 2004 (A) NORDEF0452926A Michèle Alliot-Marie  " (German: "Order AFN 1952–1962 on the assignment of the inscriptions on the flags and standards of the formations of the army and the services of November 19, 2004 (A) NORDEF0452926A Michèle Alliot-Marie ")
  7. ↑ This also applies to units that have already been disbanded, as they can (theoretically) be put back into active service at any time
  8. ^ Website dedicated to the regiments 1914–1918
  9. ↑ Regulation No. 12350 / SGA / DPMA / SHD / DAT of September 14, 2007 on the appearance of the inscriptions on the flags and standards of the troops of the army, the medical service and the fuel supply industry. Published with the Official Army Bulletin No. 27 of November 9, 2007.
  10. ^ Order AFN 1952–1962 on the assignment of the inscriptions on the flags and standards of the formations of the army and the services of November 19, 2004 (A) NORDEF0452926A by Michèle Alliot-Marie.

Web links

Commons : Flags of the 89 ° regiment d'infanterie  - Collection of images, videos and audio files