Cenei

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Cenei
Tschene
Csene
Čenej
Cenei does not have a coat of arms
Cenei (Romania)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : RomaniaRomania Romania
Historical region : Banat
Circle : Timiș
Coordinates : 45 ° 43 '  N , 20 ° 54'  E Coordinates: 45 ° 42 '57 "  N , 20 ° 54' 14"  E
Time zone : EET ( UTC +2)
Residents : 2,670 (October 20, 2011)
Postal code : 307100
Telephone code : (+40) 02 56
License plate : TM
Structure and administration (as of 2016)
Community type : local community
Structure : Cenei, Bobda
Mayor : Gabriel Ilaș ( PNL )
Postal address : Str. Principală nr
. 134 loc. Cenei, jud. Timiș, RO-307100
Website :
Location of Cenei in Timiș County
Josefinische Landesaufnahme, Cseney (1769–1772)

Cenei [ tʃeˈneʲ ] ( German  Tschene , Croatian Čenej , Hungarian Csene , Serbian - Cyrillic Ченеј , colloquially Schini ) is a municipality in the Timiș County , in the Banat region , in southwest Romania . The village of Bobda also belongs to the administrative area of ​​the municipality of Cenei .

location

Cenei is located on the Old Bega ( Romanian Bega Veche ), 28 kilometers southwest of the district capital Timișoara ( Timişoara ) and 4 kilometers from the border with Serbia .

Neighboring places

Checea Cărpiniș Bobda
Srpska Crnja (RS) Neighboring communities Sânmihaiu German
Hetin (RS) Uivar Răuți

history

The first written mention of the place comes from the year 1221, at the time of the Kingdom of Hungary , when the provost of Ittebe was named as the landlord. In 1330 the place belonged to the Sárád fortress . During the Turkish Wars, a heavy battle took place in Csenei on August 26, 1696, in which the Imperial Army was defeated. The so-called Turkish hills from that time still surround the village today.

After the Peace of Passarowitz (1718) the village was part of the Habsburg crown domain Temescher Banat . During the Josefinische Landesaufnahme the place was deserted, as can be seen from the map from 1723–1725 by General Count Claudius Florimund Mercy . Soon after, however, the place was settled by Serbs , Bulgarians and Romanians .

In 1740 a Bulgarian built a windmill, in 1760 a Serb a water mill, and in 1780 a Jew a brewery. In 1820 Croatians were also settled in the village. The first German settlers came from the surrounding villages at the beginning of the 19th century and bought fields or settled as craftsmen. In 1830 and 1840, three horse mills were built by Germans. After the Alte Bega had been straightened and a wooden bridge built, a German built a steam mill. In 1862, Stefan Ruttner from Modosch founded the first pharmacy. The Große Wirtshaus, built by a Croat in 1890, later known as "Casino Unterstein", is now a cultural center.

In the years 1894-1896 the Hatzfeld Railway was built between Zrenjanin - Jimbolia . It received the concession in 1897 and was in operation until 1968. In 1912 the Müller brothers introduced the first electrical power supply.

The old school was built in 1840. It was also used as a house of prayer by the German, Croatian and Hungarian Catholics. The foundation stone of the church was laid on August 18, 1895 and the consecration in honor of St. Augustine took place the following year . In 1902 the new school was built. The organ of the Catholic Church in Cenei was built by Carl Leopold Wegenstein in 1896 as Opus 64. The organ has a pneumatic playing and stop action.

During the Hungarian rule from 1877-1919, Cenei was the seat of the chair district of the same name. Against the increasing Magyarize sat Karl Edler von Arizi one. In 1849 he brought the so-called “2. Schwabengesuch ”to the Viennese court, in which the resistance of the Banat Swabians to Magyarization is expressed and the preservation of the German language in public life was demanded.

Bobda cancellation 1904 (Hungary stamp)

After the First World War, Cenei fell to Serbia as a result of the Treaty of Trianon , but in 1924 it became part of the Kingdom of Romania in accordance with the Belgrade Convention of November 24, 1923 . In 1927, the community had a memorial erected in the cemetery in honor of the soldiers who fell in the First World War. An inscription commemorating those who died in World War II was later carved into this memorial.

In the autumn of 1944, many families from Cenei fled from the approaching front via Yugoslavia and Hungary to Austria and Germany . A large number of those who remained behind were deported to the Soviet Union for forced labor in January 1945 . On May 23, 1945 the land reform law was passed in Romania, which provided for the expropriation of private land holdings over 50 hectares and the entire property of the so-called "collaborators" without compensation . Without exception, all Germans were assigned to this group as former members of the German ethnic group in Romania . At the same time, the houses of the Germans were also expropriated without compensation. In the spring of 1949 the agricultural production cooperative was founded. In January 1951 all so-called "Chiaburi" ( Kulaks ) were forcibly resettled in the Bărăgan . They were released from deportation in 1956 and got back their houses that had been expropriated in 1945.

The most famous personality of Cenei is Stefan Jäger , born here in 1877 , the greatest painter of the Banat Swabians . His immigration triptych was festively unveiled in 1910 in Cărpiniș . Jäger died in Jimbolia in 1962. Today the painting is on display in the Adam Müller Guttenbrunn House in Timișoara .

Demographics

Cenei has always been a mixed village, in which mainly Romanians, Serbs, German Hungarians and Croats lived.

census Ethnicity
year Residents Romanians Hungary German Serbs / Croatians
1880 7232 2649 368 1759 2456
1910 7171 2329 495 1446 2901
1930 6845 2525 637 1433 2250
1977 5761 2840 659 510 1752
2002 4799 3051 435 81 1232
2011 2670 1795 235 39 430/4

Personalities

See also

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b 2011 census in Romania ( MS Excel ; 1.3 MB)
  2. ↑ Mayoral elections 2016 in Romania ( MS Excel ; 256 kB)
  3. ↑ kia.hu (PDF; 982 kB), E. Varga: Statistics of the population by ethnic group in Timiș County according to censuses from 1880-2002