He originally worked as a plumber in Norway and since he was eight he had more of a hobby. In the summer of 2006 he was invited as a member of the Norwegian B-squad by national coach Mika Kojonkoski to a selection process for the team, in which he made such good jumps that he was used in the following season together with Tom Hilde in the Norwegian national team.
He completed his first World Cup competition on snow on November 24, 2006 in Kuusamo , Finland , where he finished third. At the following competitions in Lillehammer, Jacobsen was able to confirm his aspiring form and quickly established himself among the world's best.
At the Nordic World Ski Championships in Sapporo in 2007 , he won the silver medal in team jumping on the large hill together with Tom Hilde , Anders Bardal and Roar Ljøkelsøy . He finished his first World Cup season with second place. Jacobsen also performed well in 2007/08. In addition to a win in Liberec, he was able to jump on the podium four more times and ended up sixth in the overall standings. At the Nordic World Ski Championships in Liberec in 2009 , he won bronze on the large hill and silver with the team.
At the 2010 Olympic Winter Games in Vancouver , he reached 9th place in jumping from the normal hill. With the team he won the bronze medal in team competition.
On August 9, 2008, he married his partner Birgitte Jacobsen. On January 23, 2011, they had their first son, Isak.
On February 8, 2011 Anders Jacobsen jumped 142.5 m at the National Norwegian Championship at Holmenkollen in Oslo. He jumped the longest jump to date on the hill (141 m by Andreas Kofler) by 1.5 m. Since it was a national and not an official international competition, Kofler's official hill record still exists today.
On May 30, 2011, Anders Jacobsen announced at a press conference that he is taking a break from ski jumping and may end his career entirely. He justified his decision with motivation problems. In contrast, on January 3, 2012 he announced that he would defend his title from the previous year at the Norwegian Championships on the large hill on February 7, 2012 in Trondheim . This is necessary in order to qualify for the Norwegian team at the ski flying world championships in Vikersund . Although he missed a team nomination for the Ski Flying World Championships, he left the hill there as a forerunner, just as he had before in Oberstdorf. He won the title at the Norwegian Championships on the normal hill on March 24, 2012 in Voss . In May Jacobsen was given a place on the Continental Cup team by the Norwegian Association with the prospect of being able to take part in World Cup competitions if they performed well. He also drew attention to himself with two victories in the national series "Sommerhoppuke", where he was finally able to celebrate the overall victory. Since the beginning of the 2012/13 season Jacobsen jumped again in the World Cup. In his first two competitions at the World Cup opener in Lillehammer , he narrowly missed the podium in fourth place. At the opening competition of the Four Hills Tournament 2012/13 in Oberstdorf and the subsequent competition in Garmisch-Partenkirchen , he achieved his first World Cup victories since his career break. In the end he took second place in the Four Hills Tournament behind Gregor Schlierenzauer, who won the other two competitions in Innsbruck and Bischofshofen .
Jacobsen tore a cruciate ligament while ski flying in Planica in March 2013. In mid-November 2013 he completed the first training jumps after a long injury break.
On April 21, 2015, he announced the end of his career.