Reign of Eisenburg

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Coat of arms of the Lords of Eisenburg after Scheibler
Image of Eisenburg Castle from the 19th century

The rule of Eisenburg was in the immediate vicinity of the imperial city of Memmingen . It was first documented in 1208, but it is likely to have been in royal possession as early as the 10th century. The rule belonged to the Knights of Eisenburg until it was finally taken over by the citizens of Memmingen in the 15th century. Important families, the imperial city, the Unterhospitalstiftung , the city monasteries and the surrounding monasteries were able to secure land, homesteads and rights in the rule . As a result, Eisenburg lost the character of a rulership in the 16th century and was wrongly called this name until the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss 1803.

The citizens of the imperial city of Memmingen mostly only had enough money to purchase individual goods from the rulership, but they did not have the financial strength to buy the rulership as a whole. The many sales and foundations make an exact assignment of the owners of the fragmented rule impossible since the 15th century. In the 16th and 17th centuries, individual families and the imperial city tried to complete the rule through acquisitions. However, these attempts were unsuccessful; neither the Unterhospitalstiftung, administered by the city, nor the Ottobeuren monastery, nor a patrician family from Memmingen were able to maintain their supremacy within the rulership over the long term. Due to the dwindling financial strength of the city and its citizens, a long-established Ulm bourgeois family was able to establish itself in Eisenburg in the 17th century. With the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss the end of the rule was sealed, the area was finally in the communities Amendingen , Eisenburg , Holzgünz , Ungerhausen , Schwaighausen and Trunkelsberg .

Territorial expansion

The rule of Eisenburg at the time of its greatest expansion around 1300


At the time of greatest expansion, the following possessions belonged to the rulership: Castle, Berg, Weiler and the village of Eisenburg , Amendingen , Egelsee , Schwaighausen , Ober- and Unterholzgünz , Steinheim , Holzgünz , Ungerhausen almost entirely and the hamlets of Grünenfurt , Ober- and Unterhart. Large parts of Buxheim , various goods and rights in Memmingerberg , Dickenreishausen , Niederrieden , Heimertingen (Sennhof), Fellheim , Boos , Lauben , Rummeltshausen , the rule of Daxberg , Schlegelsberg , Hawangen . Rights were acquired in Memmingen , the rule of Marstetten and Wageck (for a short time), farms near Kardorf and the two of them in Trunkelsberg .

Owner of the lordship

  • 1208–1455 Lords of Eisenburg
  • 1455–1533 Sätellin patrician family
  • 1533–1580 Reichlin von Meldegg
  • 1580–1601 City of Memmingen, Unterhospital
  • 1601–1671 the Neubronner patrician family , from 1671 the rulership was split into twelve parts
  • From the 18th century Unterhospital, patrician families Schermar, Eberz, von Herman , Heuss, Unold and Zoller
  • 1804–1848 owned by the Kingdom of Bavaria until its dissolution in 1848

History of domination

Coat of arms of the Lords of Eisenburg to Mayr

The Knights of Isenburg 1200 to 1455

The family of the Lords of Eisenburg (Ysenburg, Isenburg) probably flourished around 1200 and was first mentioned in 1208 as miles (knights). It was a dynastia imperii , a free imperial rule . The knight dynasty probably emerged from the horse service of the German kings, as many of the Isenburg possessions (Steinheim, Amendingen and Trunkelsberg) belonged to the former founding property of the Ottobeuren monastery. These had probably gone to the king around 972 by replacing military service, who gave them to loyal followers. However, the authenticity of the relevant document is disputed. What is certain is that the Isenburg dynasty achieved a knightly reputation in the 11th or at the beginning of the 12th century at the latest, the Fliehburg was built on the site of today's castle at the same time and named after it. Since the mountain on which the iron castle stands contains iron and the springs also emit iron-containing water, it is reasonable to assume that this mountain was already called Eisenberg (Isenperch) in the early days . The castle was then probably called Eisenbergburg. According to Julius Miedel , this three-stem word was shortened according to a familiar pattern. In Upper Swabia around the beginning of the 15th century, the light î changed to the double sound ei.

family tree

Family tree according to Ludwig Mayr with dates of documentary mentions.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Henry I (1208)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Henry II (1267/1286/1288)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Berthold (1294/1298)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Heinrich the Daxberger (1298/1340)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Henry III. (1340)
 
 
 
 Adelheid
 
 Ludwig von Rothenstein
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Bruno (1366/1387)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Henry IV (1359/1360)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Henry V.
 
 Amalie Truchsessin from Dießenhofen
 
 
 
 Burkhard the Canon
 
 
 Katharina married Kunzelmann
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Henry VI. the elder , the seller
 
 2. Mrs.
Dorothea von Freyberg
 
 Vitus (Veit)
 
 Elisabeth von Schellenberg
 
 Margaretha
 
 1st husband
Ulrich von Königseck
 
 2nd husband
Georg Zwicker
 
 Sister ?
 
 Heinrich von Heimhoffen
 
 John
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Vitus
 
 Bruno
 
 Hainrich
 
 Pupeline
 
 
 Henry the Younger the Robber
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Heinrich I.

Henry I appeared for the first time in a document dated May 23, 1208. He promised together with Werner von Erolzheim the Vogt right on the monastery Ochsenhausen accompanying people to Eichenberg , Erolzheim, Bonlanden , Beuren , Waltenhofen , Kirchdorf as duly or as internally is to practice.

Henry II

Deed of sale from 1267 (seal cut off)
The oldest seal of the Isenburg family (left) with one of the oldest in the city of Memmingen (right) from 1286

Heinrich II was reported for the first time in a sales document dated November 27, 1267. On September 11, 1286 he renounced a Steinheim estate in Oppido Memmingen as Hainricus miles de Ysenburch in favor of Weingarten Monastery . The oldest seal of the Eisenburger and one of the oldest in the city of Memmingen comes from this document. This seal already shows the coat of arms insignia with castle and horseshoe. In 1288 he moved with his troops and those of Emperor Rudolf I against the possessions of the Abbey of St. Gallen after the abbot of Kempten, Konrad von Gundelfingen , called . The war initially took a favorable turn. First, the allies took control of Neu-Ravensburg and all of the monastery's property north of Lake Constance . Across the lake, the town and monastery of St. Gallen surrendered without a fight. The fortress of the monastery continued to defend itself. The Clanx Castle in Appenzellerland was only taken after six weeks of siege by treason; Wildberg by bombarding and digging under the walls. Before the strong fortress Iberg , Heinrich suffered severe damage to steeds and cash . But this festival was also defeated in the end.

Berthold

Only so much is known about Berthold that the war against the St. Gallen Abbey plunged the Kempten Monastery into great financial hardship, which it tried to offset through numerous sales. In 1294 Berthold acquired Marstetten Castle and Leuthen, with goods, with Bruggen, with customs, with mills, with mills, with wood, with Veldt, with fields, with meadows, with water, with fish, with trees, with rights around 450 Pound marks of soldering silver and Kempter weights . Berthold immediately returned the castle to the monastery as a fief . The castle will not have been owned by the von Eisenburg family for a very long time. As early as 1351 it was sold on by a Friedrich von Lachen , who was probably the owner of the castle in the meantime. In 1298 he sold an estate in Steinheim to the Roth monastery.

Henry III.

It was not until 1340 that Heinrich III. documented. On January 20th, Duke Albrecht von Oesterreich presented him with the customs of Memmingen as a right fief for the faithful service he had done to him and his brothers . In 1341 he received the interest or right man's fiefs at Memmingen and Kempten, which Albrecht had bought from the " Walse ". Heinrich was referred to by him as his faithful Heinrich von Eysenburg . At that time Swabia was engaged in external and internal struggles. After his victory over Adolf von Nassau in the Battle of Göllheim , in which the Swabian estates supported him, Albrecht I soon forgot his thanks, withdrew statute-barred imperial fiefs and planned to unite Switzerland and Swabia into a hereditary principality. After his murder by his nephew Johann von Schwaben , his son, Friedrich the Beautiful , and his brother Leopold went to war on Bavaria. When it came to the crown, Swabia split into two parties. The stronger, the nobility, supported the Habsburgs , while the cities predominantly supported Ludwig . Apparently the people of Eisenburg had put all their energy into the ore house, hence thanks for their loyal service.

Henry IV.

Heinrich IV., Also called "the boy" or "the old Mr. Heinrich's son", is mentioned for the first time in a document from 1359 when Klara von Winterstetten sold her Eisenburg property. Since he had come of age shortly before, he was probably born around 1340. He married a daughter of Burkhard von Ellerbach and was a brother-in-law of Friedrich von Rotenstein . On June 15, 1361 he bequeathed a property to Amendingen to the Augustinian monastery in Memmingen as an interest loan. In 1366 Heinrich of the Daxberg line died and until 1370 Heinrich IV administered the estate at Mitteldaxberg for his not yet of legal age cousin Bruno von Eisenburg.

Burkhard

Burkhard devoted himself to the clergy and achieved the dignity of provost of St. Moritz in Augsburg (1396) after he had already been in possession of a canonical at the cathedral church there in 1393 . In 1407 he rose to the position of provost in Augsburg . A bishopric was elected during his time after Bishop Eberhard died in 1411. The choice was ambivalent, part of the cathedral chapter was given by Anselm von Nenningen , another by Friedrich von Grafeneck . Both parties quarreled, with bloody appearances in the cathedral in 1419, until Pope Martin V unceremoniously removed both bishops in 1421 and ordered a new election, from which two candidates again emerged in 1423: Burkhard von Eisenburg and Berchthold von Reinhartsweil. The Pope refused them both and sat Peter von Schaumberg on St. Ulrich's chair. The name Puppelin , under which Burkhard usually appears, is probably a nickname that remained from childhood and was not uncommon at the time. Burkhard was also the legal owner of the Steinheim parish until he voluntarily resigned in 1437 . He died on April 9, 1438.

Henry V.

Fantasy portrait of Heinrich V at the Buxheimer Haus in Memmingen

Heinrich V appeared on February 24, 1398 as co-sealer of a contract between Heinrich von Ellerbach and the abbot Albrecht with the convent of Ursberg . On May 4, 1401, he sold all his rights to the church set and the Lehenschaft of the church to "Dikkierißhusen" (Dickenreishausen) with additional rights for 40 guilders to the Memmingen patrician family Stüdlin. This sale suggests that the former owners, the Daxberger line, had died out and that their goods and rights had reverted to the main line. The brothers Heinrich and Burkhard also contributed to the establishment of the Buxheim Charterhouse . “To be more useful and need surfing” they gave “in the Vasten of the next afftermontage before Sunday when one sang Letare” Heinrich von Ellerbach , provost of the church monastery in Buxheim and the canons of the same church the bailiwick and all their rights over it with his people and goods at Buxheim for 900  guilders . With these goods and rights Heinrich von Ellerbach was able to promote the establishment of the Charterhouse. In 1402, the year the Charterhouse was founded, the lower courts in Buxheim were sold . On December 17, 1406, the house "with barn, yard, court portrait, and buttocks in Memmingen, behind St. Martin's vicarage by the church wall" went to the Charterhouse as a town house . The Buxheim house remained in the possession of the Charterhouse for 400 years until the secularization in 1806.

With these sales began the slow decline of the Eisenburg rule. The crumbling, which began in 1399, was followed in 1407 by the sale of a third of the lay tithe and an estate in Berg to the Memmingen Unterhospital for 490 guilders, in 1408 to St. Valentin the sale of the set and inheritance rights of the grinding mill in Amendingen and the two grinding mills with accessories and one certain number of annual milled goods by 100 pounds Heller to "Utzen, den Müller zu Sunthain" ( Sontheim ). In 1415 the people of Isenburg lost the Meierhof , the tithe and other rights to Boos.

In 1407 Henry V moved together with the bishops of Augsburg and Constance, the Duke of Teck , Count seven, eight barons, 22 knights and 58 precious servants as Knight Alliance St. George shield in the war against the Appenzeller . It was not until January 13, 1413 that the Appenzell people were able to suffer a decisive defeat before Bregenz. In the same year Heinrich was a participant in a company letter , a kind of alliance that united three parties in the Allgäu , Hegau and on the upper Danube, "that we all and ours all the more comfortable with each other and may remain the same". That he enjoyed a high reputation can be seen from the fact that he was among the first-named members, immediately after Marquard von Schellenberg.

The von Schellenbergs were also the main characters in an incident around 1408 in which Heinrich was also involved. Over the years, a legend developed from this :

“ In 1408 Burkhard von Schellenberg held a happy wedding procession from Augsburg to Seifriedsberg on St. Elisabeth's Day. The bride was Mrs. Elisabeth von Argon, widow of Hans Rehlinger […]. Heinrich von Eisenburg, who is closely related to the Schellenbergs, was among the numerous guests. In Ustersbach which consists of 70 people company was unexpectedly from "a large partey Landspergischer Reuter under Fu e currency of Hans von Full Bach" attack, which the Dukes Ernst and Wilhelm had instigated by Bavaria. The bridegroom and his brother were killed, but "Heinrich von Eyssenburg" was the target. The whole company was taken prisoner to Landsberg and then released for a heavy ransom. - The bride had preferred the Schellenberg to that of Fullenbach (Villenbach) and therefore he shot the groom with an arrow in revenge. The spurned lover Hans (Cunz) then took possession of the bride and led her to his feasts in Villenbach . When the Augsburgers, led by Hans von Königseck , whose hand Elsbeth had also been knocked out, retaliated and harshly oppressed the Villenbach Fortress, Cunz escaped through an underground passage, dragging his prisoner by the hand. But at the moment when he wanted to kill her with a stab, Hans von Koenigseck joined them, slew the furious man and won himself over with the heart and hand of the rescued. Villenbach was razed to the ground, but a memorial was erected to the slain Burkhard near Ustersbach. "

- Ludwig Mayr - History of the rule Eisenburg, page 35

The fact is that Burkhard feuded the dukes Ernst and Wilhelm of Bavaria in 1408 . But it is more likely that he fell through their subjects in an honest fight . His death provoked a greater feud; now the Schellenbergs and their cousins, the Eisenburgs, warred against the dukes mentioned. Both Heinrich and his brother Burkhard were taken prisoner in Bavaria. On November 25, 1408, they were released against the signing of an original feud . In 1409 Heinrich von Schellenberg zu Wagegg made peace with the dukes. They had to donate an anniversary to the slain Burkhard and erect a marble atonement stone at the place of his death . This can still be viewed in Ustersbach. It was added to the legend that the Augsburgers and the Villenbachers had been feuding for a long time. In 1351 they invaded the Augsburg area and in 1357 destroyed the Stephingen suburb. The dukes of Bavaria were neither well-disposed towards the Augsburgers nor the Eisenburgers, presumably they had used the amorous Cunz von Villenbach as a tool to damage both parts.

The dependence of the Eisenburger on the Kempter Stift was shown again in 1414, when Prince Abbot Friedrich von Kempten traveled to Constance with a large retinue, including Heinrich V, to open the council in November . Heinrich was last mentioned in a fiefdom in 1419.

Henry VI.

Henry VI. and Veit were siblings. Heinrich must have been the older of the two as he claimed the majority of the inheritance including the main seat, the iron castle. The brother couple inherited the Wagegg estate with their remaining possessions such as the Vögelesmühle . The Schellenbergs had held them after the Marshals von Wageck, who at the same time with the Isenburgers had become independent from the service class, had died out around 1374. The inheritance probably came about because both Heinrich and Veit were married to Schellenberger heirs. Heinrich and Veit were formally enfeoffed by the Kempten monastery in 1434, and both of them acted independently there. The rule was sold to the Augsburg citizen Martin Engelschalk for 8,800 gold guilders as early as 1443, due to a great need . The change of ownership took place but before Vergantung his brother Veit instead. Another big sale followed on February 28, 1444: the Maierhof zu Unterholzgünz to the Memmingen hospital. In the same year Oberholzgünz was also sold with the Burgstall and Graben, with courts, prisoners, compulsions, bans, goods, services, rights, etc. 1448 the village Steinheim for 6700 guilders went with all Belongings, even Tafernen , Schmiedweid, church rate, Dedicate , Vischenzen and woods to the Memminger sub Hospital. With a few other small sales, Heinrich had already sold a large part of the estate. He looked for a retirement home near Egelsee. Emperor Friedrich (at that time still Roman-German King) authorized him on May 26th 1447 to build a mill on his own land by his water rivers and it should be the same of the empire fief. On February 21, 1455, the headquarters were sold to Jörgen Mair, Hansen and Josen Settelin (Sättelin), all three citizens of Memmingen. The purchase price was 6,000  guilders . On October 3, 1457, Emperor Friedrich III confirmed. the purchase letter with the entire contents, including the ban on game and hunting rights . This effectively ended the rule of the von Eisenburg family. Heinrich continued to act as an intermediary. In 1460 he mediated a dispute between Ulrich von Württemberg and the city of Memmingen, which had had a servant of Ulrich arrested. This led to the feud and Ulrich sent his soldiers under the orders of Hans von Rechberg . After the siege of the city, looting and arson of People's Council Hofen, Steinheim, Amendingen and Pless, the city finally had after despite mediation by Konrad von Stein, Marquard von Schellenberg and even Heinrich von Vas Hans von Rechenberg not to hand over the prisoners and the Cattle could move to sign a peace treaty in Merklingen on June 27th and release the prisoners and cattle. In 1462 Heinrich arbitrated a dispute between the prioress of the St. Elsbethenkloster in Memmingen and the abbot of Ochsenhausen . He probably died in 1470. His inheritance went to the Barons von Laubenberg .

Vitus

Veit is mentioned for the first time in a copy of a document from 1424. In this, the salt tariff for Memmingen, which the Austrians gave as a thank you, is sold to the city, for which they received a guilder every year. He is married to an Elisabeth von Schellenberg. This seems to have died early, so that he marries a second time a Dorothea von Freyburg . As early as 1429, Veit showed himself to be the master of Wageck. After 1440 Veit is expressly referred to as a knight of Wageck. But he did not renounce his Eisenburg property. This becomes clear when he presented a new pastor to the bishop of Augsburg, as patron saint of the parish of Steinheim, in 1437. The parish had been headed by his uncle Burkhard until this year, when he voluntarily resigned. He gradually made further sales of his inheritance, as he was on the books of the Memmingen patricians with an overwhelming debt burden of over 7350  pounds . When the load became too great, he left Wagegg and was the master of Ittelsburg from 1442 . Since the Rotensteiners, as owners of the castle, were related by marriage to the Isenburg, it can be assumed that they helped Veit out of trouble and left Alt-Ittelsburg (not to be confused with the Falken castle stables and Hahnentanz castle stables ) as their residence. In the same year there was a feud with the knight Hans von Stadion zu Ulm , actually with the city of Ulm itself. The cause for this is not exactly known. Presumably it had something to do with the robberies of his son Heinrich the Younger. Hans von Stadion moved with 1000 men to Ros and Fuoss against Ittelsburg and camped there for four days. Veit was able to flee under cover of night on the fourth day. Thereupon the defenders surrendered, the castle was captured, set on fire and burned down. This brought him into more trouble and he was finally vergantet (expropriated). It was about people and goods and all affiliations that Veit von Eisenburg had in the village of Steinheim and the ferry to Egelsee. These were raised by his brother for 7,000 guilders. The court hearing in Memmingen on June 8, 1443 is also Veit's last sign of life.

Heinrich the robber

Heinrich the Younger is a son of Vitus. He became a robber baron and allied himself with the dreaded enemy of the city, Hans von Rechberg . In 1452 he was taken prisoner by Count Heinrich von Fürstenberg because he attacked citizens of Rottweiler from his town, although the count kept peace with the towns . However, at the request of the Margrave of Baden, he got away with it. On October 18, 1451 (one day after Hans von Rechberg) he sent the city of Ulm and those allied with it a feud , presumably to avenge the destruction of the Ittelsburg and the associated neglect of his father. Heinrich the Young opened the hostilities by capturing a Ravensburger and a citizen of Ulm together with Hans von Rechberg and holding them captive at Ramstein Castle . Ulm complained in a complaint to the Eisenburger that the matter with Veit von Eisenburg had long been over and demanded that the prisoners be released free of charge. The two knights were not ready for this. Once in the wake of robber baronship, Hans von Rechberg, Heinrich von Eisenburg, Hans von Geroldseck and the rest of the followers of impoverished nobles soon made it so that no goods train from Memmingen, Ulm, Biberach, Wangen, Leutkirch, Ravensburg, Lindau, Kempten was safe any more Raids. They even went on boats on Lake Constance and combined land and piracy. They also looted the cities directly. Lindau was particularly affected. The cities had no choice but to unite against these knightly hordes as well. They finally paid them a ransom of 4,200 guilders for the two prisoners, but after their release in July 1452 they marched in front of the castle with 1,100 foot soldiers and 200 horsemen, which they then besieged and destroyed for six days. The knights managed to escape and now moved into the Ruggburg on Lake Constance. Under the leadership of the Memmingen patricians Ortlieb Seng and Otto Wespach, 600 men moved in front of the Ruggburg on November 4th. 300 men and the famous big rifle came from Memmingen. From November 6th, the bombardment of the castle began under the direction of the Memmingen gunsmith Konrad Merk. The siege and bombardment lasted five weeks. Only when there wasn't much left of the castle did the 27-man crew set fire to the rest of the castle on December 7th and fled through a tunnel. The feud itself dragged on until 1458. The robber barons now attacked from the mountain fortresses of the Hegau, which their masters willingly opened for them. Again and again they invaded the cities and plundered them. 1454 ordered Emperor Friedrich III. Peace negotiations between Rechberg and the imperial cities, which surprisingly put the Rechberger in the right. He received 14,000 guilders compensation from the city union for the destruction of the Ramstein. The cities also had to compensate the Rechberger with 3500 guilders for the destruction of the Ruggenburg. After a long legal dispute, they also had to buy this castle from the Count of Werdenberg as co-owner of the Ruggenburg for 6,200 guilders in 1476. Henry VI. von Eisenburg helped to convey that the robber barons were content with 1000 guilders instead of the required 3500 guilders and that their hostilities in the Memmingen area and its hinterland would cease. This is also the last sign of life from Heinrich the Younger.

coat of arms

Description : A silver castle in blue with an open gate, a golden, nailed horseshoe floating between the two tin towers.

Ludwig Mayr suspects that the horseshoe in the coat of arms can be traced back to the fact that the Eisenburger probably arose from the horse service of the German kings and that the castle refers to the castle of the Eisenburger.

  • Scheibler coat of arms

  • Coat of arms from a register of coats of arms around 1475

  • Coat of arms from a book of coats of arms around 1500

  • Mayr coat of arms

  • Coat of arms of the Eisenburg district

Owned by the Sättelin from 1455 to 1601

Sättelin's coat of arms in the gender book of the city of Augsburg , around 1550
Sättelin's coat of arms after Siebmacher , 1605

The Sättelin (Settelin) were an old patrician family from the city of Memmingen who first appeared in the 15th century. They were among the wealthiest families in Memmingen in the middle of the century.

Sale and division of power

The Geishof in Trunkelsberg at the beginning of the 20th century

On February 21, 1455, Jörg Mair vom Berg, Hans and Jos Sättelin, buy the Eisenburg estate with all benefits, burdens and rights for 6000 guilders. The object of purchase can be roughly divided into four parts:

  1. The goods and items at Eisenburg
  2. The village of Amendingen with court, compulsion and ban
  3. Schwaighausen with court, compulsion and ban
  4. The Trunkelsberg estate

At first - probably until Jörg Mair's death - the buyers seemed to have owned the estate together. They almost always appear together in the relevant documents. In 1462 they are forced to move the iron castle for 1400 pounds hellers. This indicates financial difficulties for the buyer. The exact cause is not known. Presumably they got into financial difficulties with the trading company they had founded. It was not redeemed until 1469. Nothing is known about the redemption amount either. It is also open whether after Jörg Mair's death the two saddlers paid the amount together or only one of them. The latter is to be assumed, since Jos then appeared as the sole owner of the castle. This is also indicated by the following event: As can be seen from the purchase letter, the miller in Amendingen had the right to purchase timber from the Sättelin forests. Ulrich Schupp has owned the mill since 1464. Jos seems to have been sparing in the delivery of timber, which led to the complaint. On December 13, 1469, the mayor Ehrhart Vehlin issued a judgment that Jos was not allowed to evade this obligation. The trade led to bitter disputes, so that finally in 1475 Jos the boy killed the miller's son and the old saddler put the miller Simon Schupp in the dungeon of the castle. However, the city court decided that the saddler would release the miller and buy the mill from him for 375 guilders, as he no longer wanted to live under such landlords. The homicide had no consequences for Jos the boy. Hans Sättelin probably fell mainly to Trunkelsberg . Later it is owned by his son Gordian.

Old Jos must have died soon after, because on September 18, 1475 the rule was divided by lot between his four children:

  1. Eberhart: Feste , Burg, Burgstall and Berg Eisenburg (with forecourt, barn, stables), Amendingen, the Gaishof and court, Zwing and Bann in the whole rule
  2. Margarethe: the house in Memmingen and goods in Eisenburg, Amendingen and Schwaighausen
  3. Hans: Grünenfurt and most of the waters in the rule
  4. Jos: the house "am Kalk" in Memmingen and the Gut zum "Knuß" in Schlegelsberg

Margarethe, who had remained single and childless, died as early as 1476 and her property was divided among the three brothers.

Conflict with Bavaria-Landshut

Josen's fifth child, Anna, was married to the Bavarian servant Hans Ritter from Ulm. She had a daughter of the same name and had died before her father. When the four other siblings of Sättelin shared the estate, the young Anna Ritter was passed over according to the inheritance law in force in Memmingen at the time. Nevertheless, Hans Ritter registered the claims of his daughter Anna. The siblings rejected him abruptly, whereupon he turned to Heinrich von Baisweil for support . Duke Ludwig von Bayern-Landshut also found out about this feud . Both Bavarian lines had been casting their eyes on the stately Eisenburg for a long time and the Munich line had actually already reached an agreement with the lords of the castle, according to which they had the right to open . The enemy cousins ​​of the Bayern-Landshut line wanted to steal this advantage from them. The preparations for this were made in silence. On September 21, 1476, early in the morning “in bad weather”, the iron castle was taken by the allies under the leadership of Heinrich von Baisweil. Only now was the feud letter handed over to the three unsuspecting brothers in Memmingen. In the letter, Heinrich tells them that he had served Hansen Ritter and his daughter Anna on a ride against Eberhart Sättelin and that he would continue to make himself available to Hansen Ritter until the three brothers had argued with Ritter about his daughter's grandfather and maternal inheritance. The Sättelin did not succeed in retaking her castle by force. So they had to take the path of comparison. Ulm, as the hometown of Hansen Ritter, offered to act as an intermediary. The treaty of October 11, 1477, however, shows very clearly how Ritter’s affairs were connected to Munich’s interests. In addition to provisions for the practice of the hunt, which had nothing to do with the actual thing, the main thing was agreed: Eberhart Sättelin undertakes to take the rule of Eisenburg von Bayern-Landshut as a fief, to grant the opening rights and to Bayern-Munich To move their opening rights. In addition, he is supposed to give the duke 1,300 guilders - probably because he had borne the costs of the entire company. reward. Hansen Ritter's child, however, should give the three saddles 300 guilders within three years. and they should undertake to recognize the judgment still to be passed by the Ulm Council on the surrender of Hansen Ritter's marriage property without objection.

Surrender document from 1504

Eberhart appears to have died in 1504. His widow Elisabeth, b. Better with Jos the boy as her governor . Right at the beginning of her regiment, Elisabeth had a great success for her house: on August 16, 1504, the rulers were released from the fief of Bavaria for 1,300 guilders. Thus Eisenburg is again "a frey noble manor" , but again without the powerful protection of Bavaria.

The Neubronner and successors from 1601 to 1804

The entire property passed through inheritance to the Reichlin von Meldegg family, who remained the village of Fellheim after many sales of the entire area . In 1567 she also had the castle built within the old Fliehburg. In 1580 the rule with castle, fortress, castle and mountain iron castle with all goods and rights went to Amendingen for 60,000  guilders . became the property of the city of Memmingen and was sold on to the lower hospital a year later . The rule was given its own jurisdiction in 1586. The corresponding gallows stood south of the village of Eisenburg. Fifteen years later, in 1601, the Ulm citizen and merchant Hans Eitel Neubronner acquired the whole of Eisenburg for 54,000 guilders. He tried to buy back individual goods that were in strange hands and to round off the property. For example, in 1608 the owner of the Grünenfurt estate sold his property to the Neubronner.

In 1671, after the death of Hans Eitel Neubronner, his heirs divided the estate into twelve parts and appointed an administrator that changes every year. From 1705, large parts of the rule went to the Memminger Unterhospital and the Memmingen patrician families von Schermar and von Ebertz, who thus held the greater part of the rule. In the late 18th century, three quarters belonged to the Unterhospital and a quarter to the Eberz, von Herman , Heuss, Unold and Zoller families . The administration of the rulership lay with the hospital for three years, the fourth with the other owners.

Trunkelsberg was acquired in 1729 by Christian Elias Jeremias Heuss from Augsburg for 20,000 guilders. The Grünenfurt estate, which also belonged to the rulership, acquired the Memmingen Unterhospital in 1721, only to sell it in 1737 to the consultant von Scheidlin from Augsburg. But his heirs sold it again in 1748, until after several changes in 1823, Grünenfurt passed into the possession of the Memmingen patrician family von Stoll zu Wespach, where it has remained to this day.

The rule in the constitutional age 1804 to 1848

In 1805 Bavaria took over sovereignty. With that the rule of Eisenburg came to an end. In 1848 the patrimonial court was finally repealed, thus putting an end to the Eisenburg rule. Thus in 1849 the last rights of the owners were fixed and replaced with money. The royal Bavarian district court Ottobeuren took over the jurisdiction .

literature

See also

Web links

Commons : Herrschaft Eisenburg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: History of the rule Eisenburg  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Street directory of Memmingen with explanations of the street names. Accessed September 2010 .
  2. ^ Anton Steichele: Archive for the history of the Diocese of Augsburg . B. Schmid, 1859, 1859, p. 16 f . Accessible online under Archive for the History of the Diocese of Augsburg, at Google Books. Accessed September 2010 .
  3. ^ The documents Konrad I, Heinrich I and Otto I. Edited by Theodor Sickel. Monumenta Germaniae Historica. The documents of the German kings and emperors 1st Hahn, Hanover 1879–1884. Accessed February 2011 .
  4. ↑ Wirtemberg document book . Volume II, No. 541. Stuttgart 1858, p. 368 f. ( Digitized version , online edition )
  5. ↑ Wirtemberg document book . Volume IX, No. 3570. Stuttgart 1907, p. 101 ( digitized version , online edition )
  6. ^ Ferdinand Eggmann: Geschichte des Illertal , 1862, p. 308
  7. ^ Franz Eugen Freiherr von Seida and Landsberg: Augsburg history from the construction of the city to the death of Maximilian Joseph, first king of Bavaria . JG Wirth, Augsburg 1826 ( digitized version on Google Books ). , Page 228ff
  8. ^ Anton Barth: Brief history of the city of Augsburg for use in the elementary schools . Kranzfelder'sche Verlagshandlung, Augsburg 1834 ( digitized version on Google Books ). , Pp. 70-71
  9. ↑ Certificate on Regesta Imperii Online, Academy of Sciences and Literature Mainz, Friedrich III., Bavaria, City Archives - (Regg.F.III. H. 1 - n. 24)
  10. ↑ Jakob Friederich Unold: History of the city of Memmingen: From the beginning of the city to the death of Maximilian Joseph I, King of Bavaria . Self-published, Memmingen 1826 ( digitized version on Google Books ). , Page 110
  11. ↑ Castles and palaces in the Unterallgäu district ( Memento of the original from August 26, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.burgeninventar.de
  12. ↑ Zimmer Chronicle: Volume 1: Page 396
  13. ^ Westermann, page 24
  14. ^ Westermann, page 27
  15. ↑ Westermann, page 27 - Mayr writes here about Margarethe but Westermann proves this as an error.
  16. ↑ Certificate on Regesta Imperii Online, Academy of Sciences and Literature Mainz, Chmel, Regesta Friderici - (Chmel - n. 8649)
  1. ↑ page 224
  2. ↑ page 224
  3. ↑ page 225
  4. ↑ page 225
  5. ↑ page 225
  1. ↑ Pages 13-14
  2. ↑ page 7–9
  3. ↑ page 20
  4. ↑ page 22, wording of the certificate
  5. ↑ page 21
  6. ↑ page 23
  7. ↑ Pages 23–24
  8. ↑ page 27
  9. ↑ page 29
  10. ↑ pp. 32–33
  11. ↑ pp. 33–34
  12. ↑ pp. 35–39
  13. ↑ pp. 43–45
  14. ↑ pp. 49–52
  15. ↑ pp. 39–43
  16. ↑ pp. 46–48
  17. ↑ Pages 57–59, listing of the individual possessions
  18. ↑ page 57
  19. ↑ page 65
  20. ↑ page 64
  21. ^ Page 89, wording of the loan letter
  22. ↑ Page 92, wording of the dismissal from the feud

Coordinates: 48 ° 0 ′ 59 "  N , 10 ° 12 ′ 34.7"  E