Jamaica Plain

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Jamaica Plain
Nickname : JP
The Municipal Building in Jamaica Plain, 2011
The Municipal Building in Jamaica Plain, 2011
Borough of Boston
Boston2.png
Basic data
Foundation : Annexed by Boston in 1874
State : United States
State : Massachusetts
County : Suffolk
Coordinates : 42 ° 18 ′  N , 71 ° 7 ′  W Coordinates: 42 ° 18 ′  N , 71 ° 7 ′  W
Time zone : Eastern ( UTC − 5 / −4 )
Residents : 37,468 (as of 2010)
Height : 21 m
Postal code : 02130
Area code : +1 617, 857
FIPS : 25-32520
GNIS ID : 612943

Jamaica Plain is a historic district ( neighborhood ) of the city of Boston in the state of Massachusetts in the United States with an expansion of 4.4  mi² (11  km² ). Originally from the Puritans founded, the farmlands were in the south, it was until 1851 part of Roxbury . That year the town of Roxbury separated and became part of the new town of West Roxbury . When West Roxbury was annexed by the City of Boston in 1874, Jamaica Plain became part of Boston.

Jamaica Plain is home to the oldest amateur theater in the United States, the Footlight Club . In the 19th century, Jamaica Plain became one of the first streetcar suburbs in the United States. A large part of the Emerald Necklace Park system, which was created by Frederick Law Olmsted , is located in the district. In 2010, 37,468 people lived in Jamaica Plain.

geography

In Jamaica Plain there are several botánicas which provide the Latinos with folk medicine as well as statues of saints, candles decorated with prayers , dragon trees and other sometimes esoteric objects.

City structure

Jamaica Plain consists of several independent historical districts. However, some of their names are outdated and used by scholars and real estate agents rather than local residents.

Brookside

The borough is roughly bordered by Boylston , Green, and Washington Streets and Southwest Corridor Park .

Egleston Square

The square is at the intersection of Columbus Avenue and Washington Street on the border between Jamaica Plain and Roxbury .

Forest Hills

The district is roughly bounded by the Arborway , the streets Morton , Walk Hill and South as well as through the cemetery Forest Hills Cemetery limited.

Hyde Square

This is the area around the intersection of Center , Day and Perkins Streets , which extends east along Center Street to Roxbury.

Jackson Square

The Jackson Square is located at the intersection of Columbus Avenue and Center Street . The Jackson Square station of the MBTA - Orange Line is located there .

Jamaica Hills

The borough is located northwest of the Arnold Arboretum and also includes Moss Hill and Green Hill .

Parkside

Parkside is roughly bounded by Washington Street , Egleston Square , Morton Street, and Franklin Park .

Pondside

The district is roughly bordered by Center Street , Perkins Street and Jamaicaway .

South Street

The South Street district follows the street of the same name from The Monument to Forest Hills.

Sumner Hill

Sumner Hill is roughly bounded by Seaverns Avenue and Everett , Sedgwick, and Newbern Streets .

Sunnyside

The district is roughly bordered by Center , Day , Round Hill and Gay Head streets.

The Monument

The borough overlaps with Pondside and refers to the area around the intersection of Center Street and South Street .

Woodbourne

Woodbourne is south of Forest Hills and bordered by Walk Hill , Goodway and Wachusett streets.

White City

The area no longer existed and comprised parts of Hyde Park Avenue and a few blocks that are now part of Woodbourne .

history

Colonial times

Shortly after Boston and Roxbury were founded in 1630, William Heath and three other families settled in the land south of Parker Hill in what is now the Jamaica Plain . In the following years, founded William Curtis , John May and other settler farms along the nearby Stony Brook , which from south to north from Turtle Pond in Hyde Park to its mouth in the march of the Charles River flowed who filled today are (see Shawmut Peninsula ). In 1659, John Polley bought a farm from Lt. Joshua Hewe on the spot where the Soldier's Monument now stands at the intersection of South and Center Streets near Great Pond (now Jamaica Pond ). Later, as an award for his service during the Pequot War , Joseph Weld received a property with an area of ​​278 acres (approximately 1.125 km² ), which was between South and Center Streets . His son John constructed a building on this property along South Street on what is now the Arnold Arboretum , and his descendants lived there for generations.

The name Jamaica first appeared in the late 17th century for the area around Roxbury between Stony Brook and Great Pond . There are a number of theories about the origin of the name. A widespread assumption leads the word origin back to the export product Jamaica rum as a reference to the role of Jamaica in the Atlantic triangular trade of sugar , rum and slaves . It is more likely, however, that "Jamaica" is an Anglicism for the name of the Massachusett - Sachem Kuchamakin , who was the ruler of the young Chickatawbut . On some maps the area was referred to as "Jamaica Plains" until the middle of the 19th century.

In 1676, John Ruggles and Hugh Thomas donated land to build the first school. A gift of 75 acres (303,514 m²) of land south of the Great Pond by John Eliot provided the school with financial means, which was then renamed Eliot School , which it still bears today.

During the 18th century, the farms of the Jamaica section in Roxbury changed from a subsistence economy to a demand-driven market economy , supplying the steadily growing Boston population. At the same time, wealthy residents were buying land and building properties in the still rural area. In 1740 Benjamin Faneuil , nephew of the Boston merchant Peter Faneuil , bought land between Center Street and Stony Brook . In 1752, Commodore Joshua Loring bought the old Polley Farm and built a house there, into which he retired. Provincial Governor Francis Bernard built a summer residence on 60 acres (242,811 m²) on Jamaica Pond . In 1775, troops from Rhode Island and Connecticut were billeted with residents of Jamaica Plain. General George Washington stationed troops on Weld Hill , now Bussey Hill in the Arnold Arboretum. The units there protected the road south towards Dedham , where the American arsenal was located, in case the British broke the siege of Boston .

With the American Revolution , many of the homeowner loyalists fled the country and were replaced by the burgeoning elite of the new Boston. In 1777 John Hancock bought a property near Jamaica Pond. Widow Ann Doane bought the property that had previously belonged to loyalist Joshua Loring and which still exists today as Loring-Greenough House . When Samuel Adams became governor of Massachusetts, he bought the former Peacock Tavern near what is now Faulkner Hospital . With his fortune gained in the Old China Trade , James Perkins built the Pinebank Mansion above Jamaica Pond in 1802 .

American Revolution up to annexation

In the early years of the 19th century, the trends of the post-independence era continued. The Jamaica Pond Aqueduct Corporation built an aqueduct to Boston and Roxbury between 1795 and 1886 to improve the water supply to the two cities and later to West Roxbury. On Center Street (then a highway to Dedham) wagons operated to move people, which in 1806 expanded to include the new toll roads Norfolk Turnpike and Bristol Turnpike (now Washington Street ). In 1826 there were already hourly scheduled connections from Jamaica Plain to Roxbury and Boston, which were further improved in the 1830s through the use of omnibus lines to cope with the growing number of passengers. The first train connection reached Jamaica Plain with the start of operations on the Boston and Providence Rail Road in 1834, which began offering residents particularly low tariffs from 1839. At their request, in addition to the stops on Boylston Street and what is now Forest Hills, another stop was built on Green Street in 1836 , which soon became a hub for craftsmen and construction workers .

Shortly thereafter, nearby Center Street became a major shopping street, with larger grocery stores attracting more local stores, offering a wide range of products from everyday merchandise to imports from the West Indies . During the 1840s, the local market continued to grow when Boston commuters settled in Jamaica Plain. In the valley of Stoney Brook , a small industrial area was formed along the railway line that ran next to Roxbury, with small chemical plants , tanneries and soap factories that benefited from the running water, the seclusion, the access to transport and the available land. Due to the growing population, a number of new and larger churches were built during this period, including the First Baptist (1843), the First Church (1853) and the Central Congregational (1856).

Around 1850, society , which had previously been dominated by agriculture , experienced a significant change. Only 10% of the heads of household were registered as farmers, while 28% were business people and skilled workers . Another 20% were Irish born or Irish descendants. Large property owners tried to contain the steady rise in property tax in Roxbury and successfully broke away from the town of Roxbury in 1851 with the establishment of West Roxbury . In the meantime, however, growth continued unabated. In 1850, David S. Greenough built four blocks of streets on the southern end of his family's land, including what is now McBride Street . Three years later he sold land on the east side of the railroad to the new Jamaica Plain Gas Light Company . In 1857, the newly formed West Roxbury Railroad Company extended its horse-drawn line to a depot on South Street , where public housing is now opposite McBride Street .

During the same period, ice huts were regularly built along the south bank of Jamaica Pond during the winter , which the Jamaica Plain Ice Company mined directly in the lake during the winter months until the 1890s, when the city of Boston bought the lake Boston was sold. In the course of the advancement of local public transport , which both served commuters in Jamaica Plain and promoted the development of the urban area, the Boston and Providence Rail Road added a second track in 1860, a third in 1870 and a fourth in 1890. Many of the new residents were Irish and Catholic , and to meet their needs, the Archdiocese of Boston began building St. Thomas Aquinas Church on South Street and added a grammar school in 1873 . In less than a generation, Jamaica Plain had completely changed and the wealthy real estate owners had little power. In 1873 the residents of West Roxbury - most of whom lived in Jamaica Plain - voted for Boston annexation. West Roxbury had grown from 2,700 in 1850 to 9,000 in 1875, and many of the new residents longed for the benefits of the public services such as street cleaning and sanitation that the city of Boston could offer.

Borough of Boston

House on Sumner Hill

Even after the annexation by Boston, the population continued to grow. The first three-story apartment buildings ( triplane ), typical of New England architecture , were constructed in the 1870s and spread rapidly during the 1890s. In Jamaica Plain, the first business district in the 1870s were built, including the first existing brick commercial building in 1875. In 1873 the imposing, which also exists brick police station was Seavern's Avenue built a year later renaming the carried Eliot School in West Roxbury High School , which was changed back to Jamaica Plain High School shortly after the annexation .

The Stony Brook Valley has long been the industrial center of Jamaica Plain. In 1871, which opened Haffenreffer - brewery near the Boylston Street and Armory Street , where they had great advantages in that they could infer from the flow to a fresh water and other German immigrants lived in the area. In the same year the Boylston School Association and the German Saturday School were founded to serve the residents of German descent. In 1878, the Sturtevant Company opened between Williams and Green Streets, the first American company to manufacture fans and quickly employ 500 people. In 1901 there was a big fire there, after which the company relocated a few miles further south in Hyde Park .

The steady growth of both residents and businesses in the Stony Brook valley gave rise to the desire to canalize the creek, prevent floods and install sanitation. In the 1870s the creek was deepened and channeled into a wooden canal, but the spring thaw resulted in flooding of the streets in the area, causing renewed excitement. The work lasted until 1908 - from then on the creek ran completely in a shallow canal on the stretch from Forest Hills to the Back Bay Fens , where it flows behind the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston . In the years that followed, the creek that once defined the industrial heart of Jamaica Plain was forgotten more and more until it was memorialized by a new station on the Orange Line on Boylston Street called Stony Brook .

In Jamaica Plain, the breweries were also important employers in this era . The Highland Spring Brewery on Heath Street had been in operation since 1867. In the 1880s, the Eblana and Park breweries, as well as the American Brewing Company, opened their doors and employed many of the German and Irish immigrants living nearby. The Franklin Brewery expanded the brewery quarter to Washington Street . All these and other breweries were closed during prohibition , but only a few were able to reopen after the ban was lifted. The Haffenreffer brewery, which produced beer until 1964, was extremely successful . The old building is now home to several companies, including the Boston Beer Company .

A well-known company that moved to Heath Street after Prohibition was soft drink maker Moxie . The drink of the same name, which Augustin Thompson had invented in Lowell in 1876, was marketed by the company following a similar marketing pattern to that operated by Coca-Cola , in order to differentiate the drink from a medicinal tonic and position it as a soft drink. In 1920, Moxie was selling even better than Coca-Cola . However, during the Great Depression , the company had to completely stop its advertising efforts and was unable to regain the lost market share. The factory had to close in 1953, after which the building was demolished by the city of Boston in order to be able to implement new residential construction projects.

During the late 19th century, the density of buildings in Jamaica Plain continued to grow with increasing industrial development to provide housing for workers in the surrounding businesses as well as for commuters. The Sumner Hill neighborhood became the seat of entrepreneurs and managers. In the 1880s, the Parley Vale house and Robinwood Avenue were developed to cater to this affluent clientele. Ten years later, Moss Hill Road and Woodland Road were added, which are still the most exclusive streets in the entire district. A neighborhood south of South Street was created for the working class and was mainly populated by Irish immigrants. By the beginning of the 20th century, almost all roads in Jamaica Plain were built on.

20th century

The Jamaica Pond with a boathouse

A new major employer came to Jamaica Plain in 1900 when Thomas Gustave Plant opened a factory for his Queen Quality Shoe Company on Center and Bickford Street , which at the time was arguably the world's largest manufacturer of women's shoes and around 5,000 Workers employed. In order to avoid the frequent labor disputes at that time , the company offered its employees a park right next to the factory site, recreation rooms , a gym , a library and a dance hall . She also sponsored sports teams from local leagues . Shoes were made in the company building until the 1950s, but the massive brick building was destroyed by arson in 1976. Today there is a supermarket on the site .

In 1900, many immigrants lived in Jamaica Plain, who had a major impact on the district and its development. Many Irish lived in the streets Heath and South as well as in Forest Hills and the area around the Stony Brook called Brookside and soon made up a quarter of the total population of the district. Another 14% were Germans who mostly lived in Hyde Square , Egleston Square and Brookside . While the Irish mainly pursued simpler jobs, the Germans took on more highly qualified jobs , including management, and tended to keep to themselves with their own meeting places and churches. 12% of the population were Canadians , most of whom came from the provinces there by the sea and worked as office workers or as skilled workers. In the years from 1910 onwards, Italians also came. New technologies such as the advent of automobiles allowed local businesses to take on more employees and start new businesses. During this period, for example, the Randall-Faichney Company manufactured auto parts, and the Holtzer-Cabot Company moved from producing electric motors and telephones to accessories for automobiles.

At that time religion played an important role in social life. The increase in the number of Catholic residents led to the construction of new churches to complement the St. Thomas Aquinas . Our Lady of Lourdes was built in Brookside in 1896 , Blessed Sacrament completed in 1917. A little later, St. Andrews on Walk Hill Street followed . Each church had its own elementary school , which provided for the community and ensured great loyalty among the parishioners. In 1927 the St. Thomas Congregation founded its own high school , which operated until 1975. Protestant churches worked in a similar way to ensure the loyalty of parishioners. Many of the managers from the surrounding factories also held senior positions in nearby communities. The Central Congregational Church had women's, children's and missionary groups that brought together neighbors from the most diverse economic classes. Other civic organizations followed suit.

In 1897, the Jamaica Plain Carnival Association was formed with the aim of planning and promoting the Independence Day parade , competitions and fireworks that accompany it . Two years later, the Jamaica Plain Businessmen's Association was formed to promote the commercial development of the district. Within three years, prominent community members were invited to join the group now known as the Jamaica Plain Citizen's Association , which was committed to improving roads, playgrounds and schools, among other things. Also in 1897 the Tuesday Club was founded exclusively for women who otherwise had no access to the other groups. The club still exists today at Loring Greenough House . In the late 19th century, the park system of the Emerald Necklace was designed and built by Frederick Law Olmsted . Facilities like Olmsted Park , Jamaica Pond , Arnold Arboretum, and Franklin Park have delighted generations of Jamaica Plain residents.

Probably the most dramatic construction project in Jamaica Plain was the elevation of the Orange Line train line in the 1890s.

Neighborhood Activism in the 1970s

In the late 1980s, today's MBTA Forest Hills station replaced the red brick building from the 19th century.

Jamaica Plain has an extensive and diverse history of neighborhood activism. In the early 1970s, there were plans to extend Interstate 95 from Canton to downtown Boston, which would have led the route straight through Jamaica Plain, dividing the district in half. Many local citizens' groups together with residents from Roxbury and Hyde Park, however, ran a storm and exerted massive public pressure on the then Governor Francis W. Sargent , who ultimately had to stop the project. However, the demolition work had already begun, leaving a pale scar as a no man's land in the middle of the community.

By 1970 the prevailing view was that Jamaica Plain was in a state of decline. The ever-increasing redlining , in conjunction with further plans and resolutions, led to the deterioration of the apartments, the formation of slums and high vacancy rates, especially in the center of the district. It also happened that residents who couldn't find a buyer for their apartments or houses simply ran away. In order to prevent vandalism and arson , the non-profit real estate company Urban Edge , founded in 1974, employed volunteers to monitor the empty apartments and houses and, in some cases, to take them physically.

In 1974 the community came together under the aegis of an Alinsky- style project funded by the Ecumenical Social Action Committee (ESAC) . A coalition of local churches led a unique and ultimately successful campaign through to the Boston banks to force them to revise their procurement directives and instead of redlining a Greenlining perform to stimulate investment by both measures in the district. The redlining should also be finally ended.

After a research project showed that mortgage lending had dropped dramatically between 1968 and 1972 , activists launched a greenlining campaign called "The Jamaica Plain Community Investment Plan". It called on local residents to transfer their savings to a local facility that guaranteed they would invest this money in mortgage lending within Jamaica Plain. The campaign generated a total of half a million US dollars for the promised purposes. In October 1974, the group was also successful when they were able to make Michael Dukakis, who was running for governor, promise that state-approved banks would have to publish their lending guidelines annually, sorted by zip code. After his election, Dukakis kept his word and ignored threats from banks that wanted to take legal action against it. The new law came into force on May 16, 1975.

In the years that followed, the Southwest Corridor Coalition , made up of local residents and supported and guided by state officials, developed an extensive plan to redevelop the corridor. The decision was made to remove the elevated railway line on Washington Street and replace it with a subway. At the same time, the Southwest Corridor Park was built, which runs north from Forest Hills through the old valley of Stony Brook .

The changes in rail transport also resulted in changes in the course of the road. In 1977, the Arborway line, which had existed since 1903, was shortened to Heath Street and the rest of the route to Forest Hills was replaced by buses. This regulation is still the subject of discussions and disputes today.

Urban renewal

The Southwest Corridor Coalition's efforts were so successful that they went too far - by 1980 the center of the district was stabilized, but the lack of investment turned into gentrification , which became a new problem. In the 1980s, low rents attracted many students, notably attending the School of the Museum of Fine Arts , Massachusetts College of Art, and Northeastern University , and often living in shared apartments . A lively community of gays and lesbians also developed in the district . The Jamaica Plain-based artists opened galleries , bookstores, and art centers like the converted fire station . The low real estate prices in Jamaica Plain at the time meant that many were able to afford their first house or apartment.

The revival also continued into the 1990s. Non-profit housing associations bought dilapidated houses and vacant lots to convert into rental properties for low-income people. At the same time, the site of the former shoe factory was converted into JP PLaza , a shopping mile with an attached supermarket . A new Martha Eliot Health Center was also located on the same site .

The situation today

At the turn of the 21st century, Jamaica Plain was home to many college graduates, political activists, and artists.

In the districts of Hyde Square , Jackson Square and Egleston Square there are larger proportions of Spanish-speaking residents from Cuba , the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico . In 2000, the total population in Jamaica Plain was 50% white, 23% Hispanic or Latino , 17% black, 7% Asian and 3% other. In contrast to the neighboring Brookline , for example, there is only one synagogue , the Nehar Shalom Community Synagogue , which is also relatively young.

The end of redlining and the stabilization of the real estate market in the late 1970s, in conjunction with the redevelopment of the Southwest Corridor, led to a steadily increasing gentrification since the 1990s . This caused the real estate sector to heat up, causing the prices of older homes in Parkside , Pondside and Sumner Hills to soar, as well as the merging of some larger residential areas and older commercial properties into blocks . Many of the previously vacant buildings are being converted into residential units.

Culture and sights

Parks

Jamaica Plain has one of the most green spaces of all Boston neighborhoods. Large parts of the emerald necklace park system, which was designed by Frederick Law Olmsted in the 19th century, are located in it or in the immediate vicinity :

The parks are connected by parkways, each of which also belongs to the Emerald Necklace. From south to north these are the Arborway , the Jamaicaway and the Riverway .

The park cemetery Forest Hills Cemetery adds more green space with 275 acres (approx. 1.1 km²) together with other cemeteries, which together comprise several hundred acres.

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

Jamaica Plain is through the bus and tracks the MBTA operated. Well-developed and important streets are Center Street , Jamaicaway , Arborway , Washington Street , South Street and South Huntington Avenue .

Transportation

A train of the MBTA Orange Line in originally as Highway conceived Southwest Corridor

The Green Line E rail line currently ends at Heath Street and South Huntington Avenue . From there, bus routes continue along South Huntington Avenue , Center Street and South Street to the terminus at Forest Hills Station , which is a major public transport hub and is within walking distance of the Arnold Arboretum and Forest Hills Cemetery . The Orange Line runs through the middle of Jamaica Plain as the subway and stops at Jackson Square , Stony Brook , Green Street and Forest Hills stations . Buses connect the district with West Roxbury , Hyde Park , Dedham and Walpole , while the rest of Boston can only be reached by car.

Controversy over the Green Line

The proposed restoration of the Green Line-E route from Heath Street to Forest Hills Station has created tension in the region. Some residents and commuters point out that this is a good reconnection to the rest of the city, while others consider the current number 39 bus along the old railway line and the Orange Line , which is just a few blocks away, to be good and view proven alternative. Both sides put forward convincing arguments, but the MBTA has not yet decided on a final solution. In June 2008, a large part of the old rails of the Green Line-E route was concreted along Center Street , so that resumption of service is only possible with great effort.

Commuter trains

The Needham Line stops at Forest Hills Station . In addition, many other train connections are easily accessible via the Orange Line towards Ruggles and Back Bay .

Car traffic and parking

Public parking is available near Center Street and Burroughs Street , across from Mary Curley School on Center Street and Spring Park Avenue, and across from Blessed Sacrament Church on Hyde Square . There are few parking meters in Jamaica Plain , and street parking is free. Many of the streets near the Orange Line stations are only allowed to be used as parking spaces by local residents between 8 a.m. and 6 p.m. This was introduced to discourage commuters from parking in the residential streets during the day.

Bike paths

There are two major bike trails in Jamaica Plain . The Pierre Lallement Bicycle Path runs along Southwest Corridor Park from Forest Hills to Back Bay , while to the west bike paths run through the parks of the Emerald Necklace , along the Jamaicaway and Riverway .

education

Students are taught in Jamaica Plain at Boston Public Schools schools .

In addition, the Archdiocese of Boston maintains its own Roman Catholic schools , which, however, are becoming less popular. In the spring of 2009, for example, the archbishopric announced that it would have to close the last still operating school Our Lady of Lourdes if the parents did not provide US $ 500,000 for another year of tuition. At the time, the school had 187 students, 30 fewer than in 2005.

Personalities

Sons and Daughters of Jamaica Plain

Personalities who have worked on site

literature

  • Sam Bass Warner: Streetcar suburbs. The process of growth in Boston, 1870-1900 . Harvard University Press, Cambridge 1962, OCLC 258812 .
  • Anthony Mitchell Sammarco: Jamaica Plain . Arcadia, Dover 1997, ISBN 0-7524-0565-9 ( online in Google book search).
  • Kathleen Hirsch: A Home in the Heart of a City . North Point Press, New York 1998, ISBN 0-374-28079-7 .
  • City of Boston and Grub Street, Inc. (Eds.): Sometimes they sang with us . Volume III: Hyde Park, Jamaica Plain, and Mission Hill. Stories from Boston's most enduring neighborhoods. City of Boston: Grub Street, Inc., Boston 2010, ISBN 978-0-615-38330-9 (English, openlibrary.org ).
  • Anthony Mitchell Sammarco: Jamaica Plain . then & now. Arcadia, Charleston 2003, ISBN 0-7385-1246-X .
  • Jill Hofstra: Edwina . AuthorHouse, Bloomington 2005, ISBN 1-4208-2827-4 .

Web links

Commons : Jamaica Plain, Boston  - Collection of images, videos, and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Alexander Von Hoffman: Local attachments. The making of an American urban neighborhood, 1850 to 1920 . Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore 1996, ISBN 0-8018-5393-1 .
  2. ↑ Weld Family. In: Jamaica Plain Historical Society. February 1991, accessed January 11, 2012 .
  3. ^ Walter H. Marx: How Jamaica Plain Got Its Name. (No longer available online.) In: Jamaica Plain Historical Society. Archived from the original on January 1, 2012 ; accessed on January 11, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.jphs.org
  4. ^ Walter H. Marx: Native Americans in Jamaica Plain. (No longer available online.) In: Jamaica Plain Historical Society. December 29, 1988, archived from the original on December 3, 2011 ; accessed on January 11, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.jphs.org
  5. ^ John G. Hales: Map of the town of Roxbury. ( JPG ) (No longer available online.) In: Jamaica Plain Historical Society. April 1832, archived from the original on February 12, 2012 ; Retrieved January 11, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.jphs.org
  6. ^ Sandra Storey: Eliot School in Session Here Since 1676. (No longer available online.) In: Jamaica Plain Historical Society. Archived from the original on January 22, 2017 ; accessed on January 11, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.jphs.org
  7. ^ Eva Phillips Boyd: Commodore Joshua Loring, Jamaica Plain by Way of London. In: Jamaica Plain Historical Society. Retrieved January 11, 2012 .
  8. ↑ Pinebank, a former Homestead in Jamaica Plain. In: Jamaica Plain Historical Society. Retrieved January 11, 2012 .
  9. ^ History of First Church. (No longer available online.) In: First Church in Jamaica Plain. Archived from the original on February 8, 2012 ; accessed on January 11, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.firstchurchjp.org
  10. ↑ St. John's Episcopal Church. Retrieved January 11, 2012 .
  11. ↑ hope central church. Retrieved January 11, 2012 .
  12. ^ Helga M. Lyons: Boylston School Association and the German Saturday School. (No longer available online.) In: Jamaica Plain Historical Society. April 1999, archived from the original on December 3, 2011 ; accessed on January 12, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.jphs.org
  13. ↑ Jamaica Plain Factory. In: Sturtevant Company website. Retrieved January 12, 2012 .
  14. ^ Sturtevant Factory Building Destroyed by Fire. (No longer available online.) In: Jamaica Plain Historical Society. Archived from the original on August 18, 2006 ; accessed on January 12, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.jphs.org
  15. ^ WH Marx: The Saga of Stony Brook. In: Jamaica Plain Historical Society. Retrieved January 14, 2012 .
  16. ^ History of Beer Making in Jamaica Plain. In: Jamaica Plain Historical Society. Retrieved January 14, 2012 .
  17. ↑ Christine McConville: The toast of JP. Neighbors hope rehabilitation of a former brewery will bring new life to their long-neglected section. In: Boston Globe . February 17, 2006, accessed January 14, 2012 .
  18. ^ Richard Heath: Bromley-Heath Public Housing Development History. In: Jamaica Plain Historical Society. Retrieved January 14, 2012 .
  19. ↑ Richard Heath: Bromley Park: The Origin of the Name. In: Jamaica Plain Historical Society. Retrieved January 14, 2012 .
  20. ^ Thomas G. Plant Shoe Factory and Queen Quality Shoes. In: Jamaica Plain Historical Society. Retrieved January 15, 2012 .
  21. ^ Walter H. Marx: Thomas G. Plant Shoe Factory Fire. The Shoe Factory's Demise: Jamaica Plain's Most Unforgettable Fire. In: Jamaica Plain Historical Society. Retrieved January 15, 2012 .
  22. ↑ Michael Rice child: Holtzer-Cabot Electric Company. (No longer available online.) In: Jamaica Plain Historical Society. Archived from the original on February 7, 2012 ; accessed on January 15, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.jphs.org
  23. ^ Walter H. Marx: Orange Line Replaced Old Railroad Embankment. In: Jamaica Plain Historical Society. Retrieved January 16, 2012 .
  24. ↑ a b Michael L. Feloney: Neighborhood Stabilization in Jamaica Plain . Patterns, Responses and Prospects. Boston 1994 ( dspace.mit.edu ( Memento from July 27, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) [PDF; accessed on January 18, 2012] Master's thesis ). Neighborhood Stabilization in Jamaica Plain ( Memento of the original from July 27, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / dspace.mit.edu
  25. ^ Peter O'Brien: 257 Lamartine Street. (No longer available online.) In: Jamaica Plain Historical Society. Archived from the original on December 3, 2011 ; accessed on January 18, 2012 (English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.jphs.org
  26. ^ Leslie Seldin: Organizer Assists neighborhood Associations . In: The Jamaica Plain citizen . Citizen Pub. Co., Brookline May 23, 1974 OCLC 23547873 .
  27. ↑ Howard Husock: Battling The Banks in Jamaica Plain . In: The Boston phoenix . iii. Stephen M. Mindich, July 9, 1974, ISSN  0163-3015 , OCLC 4350940 .
  28. ↑ Leslie Seldin: Banks Urged to Reveal All . In: The Jamaica Plain citizen . Citizen Pub. Co., Brookline July 25, 1974 OCLC 23547873 .
  29. ^ Leslie Seldin: Residents Demand Disclosure Policy . In: The Jamaica Plain citizen . Citizen Pub. Co., Brookline October 3, 1974 OCLC 23547873 .
  30. ^ Robert M. Bleiberg: Thin Red Line . In: Barron's . June 23, 1975.
  31. ↑ Patricia Jordan: Mass Thrifts Plan Suit Over Redlining, Commissioner Stands Firm . In: The American Banker . American Banker, June 12, 1975, ISSN  0002-7561 , OCLC 191705709 .
  32. ^ Roy Mann: Boston's Southwest Corridor. From Urban Battleground to Paths of Peace . In: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. School of Architecture and Planning (Ed.): Places . tape 7 , no. 3 . MIT Press, 1991, ISSN  0731-0455 , OCLC 8097845 , pp. 36 ff . ( online ( memento of August 9, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) [PDF; accessed on January 21, 2012]). Boston's Southwest Corridor. From Urban Battleground to Paths of Peace ( Memento of the original from August 9, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / designobserver.com
  33. ^ History. (No longer available online.) In: Urban Edge. Archived from the original on July 3, 2006 ; accessed on January 22, 2012 (English).
  34. ↑ SEE THE DIFFERENCE WE'VE MADE. (No longer available online.) In: Jamaica Plain Neighborhood Development Corporation. Archived from the original on August 9, 2013 ; accessed on January 22, 2012 (English).
  35. ^ Doug Most: Anything but Plain. In: Boston Globe . January 8, 2006, accessed January 22, 2012 .
  36. ^ Student Assignment Policy. In: Boston Public Schools. Retrieved January 13, 2012 .
  37. ^ David Taber: JP's last Catholic school could close. In: Jamaica Plain Gazette. January 26, 2009, accessed January 13, 2012 .
The Emerald Necklace
 
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