Karl Heinrich Bauer

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Heidelberg - Surgical Clinic - Karl Heinrich Bauer

Karl Heinrich Bauer (born September 26, 1890 in Schwärzdorf , Upper Franconia ; † July 7, 1978 in Heidelberg ) was a German surgeon and university professor in Breslau and Heidelberg. Among other things, he was co-editor of human genetic publications, director of the surgical university clinic in Heidelberg, first director of a German university after 1945 and initiator of a cancer research institute founded in Heidelberg in 1964.

Life

Karl Heinrich Bauer attended the new grammar school in Bamberg from 1900 to 1909 . After graduating from high school, he studied medicine at the Friedrich-Alexander University in Erlangen. In 1909 he became active in the Bubenreuth fraternity . When he was inactive , he moved to the Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München and the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , where he passed the state examination in 1914 and in 1917 a Dr. med. received his doctorate .

During the First World War , Bauer was deployed as a troop doctor. In 1918 he went to the Pathological Institute in the University Hospital Freiburg , where he worked as an assistant to Ludwig Aschoff . In 1923 he completed his habilitation in Göttingen . In the further course of his scientific career, he mainly devoted himself to cancer research . In 1928 he published his 1924 discussed mutation theory of tumor development , which should explain the development of cancer for the first time. Three years earlier (1925) he had written a treatise on racial hygiene. Their biological foundations published a work in popular science that later brought him the charge in the Federal Republic of Germany that he had been a supporter of Nazi racial doctrine . Bauer was friends with the zoologist and human geneticist Günther Just . In 1932, Bauer accepted the call from the Silesian Friedrich-Wilhelms University in Breslau. One of his students was Hans Gummel , who in 1972 founded the Central Institute for Cancer Research in Berlin-Buch, the most important institution in the German Democratic Republic for the research and treatment of cancer. Bauer was an advisory surgeon for the Wehrmacht in Breslau and Heidelberg .

During the period of National Socialism , Bauer repeatedly had difficulties because of his “non-Aryan” wife. In 1934 he published an article in the specialist journal Der Chirurg , in which he advocated a "sterility of seriously hereditary diseases" to "eradicate hereditary problems". On January 1, 1943, Bauer took over the management of the surgical clinic at Heidelberg University and became an advisory board member of the German Society for Constitution Research, which was newly founded by Günther Just with Bauer and Ernst Kretschmer . In 1944 he was a member of Karl Brandt's scientific advisory board , the general commissioner for sanitary and health care.

In the Soviet occupation zone , Bauer and Felix von Mikulicz-Radecki wrote The Practice of Sterilization Operations (JA Barth, Leipzig 1936) on the list of literature to be sorted out.

After the end of World War II and the invasion of the Americans, the university was closed. Together with Karl Jaspers, Bauer was the driving force behind the reopening of the university on August 15, 1945, and he became its first post-war rector . As a representative of the universities, he was a member of the provisional parliament for Württemberg-Baden in 1946 . Having contracted colon cancer as early as 1944 , due to the deterioration in his condition, he had to retire from the rector's office in 1946 to undergo several operations, and seriously expected his imminent death. However, he recovered and was able to resume his work as a surgeon and chief physician as well as his teaching, research and organizational activities. In 1949 he published The Cancer Problem , a summary of the problems and solutions in oncological research. He organized several large congresses, such as the annual meetings of the German Society for Surgery in 1952 and 1958 , of which he was President and which has awarded the Karl Heinrich Bauer Prize for Surgical Tumor Research every three years since 1981, as well as the 100th conference of the German Society Naturalists and doctors in Wiesbaden in 1958, at which Karl Jaspers gave a lecture The doctor in the technical age . 1957 to 1958 he was chairman of the Society of German Natural Scientists and Doctors . Karl-Heinrich Bauer died in July 1978 of complications from a metastatic prostate carcinoma.

A bust of Karl Heinrich Bauer can be found on the ground floor of the Heidelberg University Hospital and in the foyer of the congress center of the German Cancer Research Center .

Special services

After completing his actual work, Karl Heinrich Bauer was one of the founders of the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ, 1964) in Heidelberg. Modern oncology is based on his research. He took care of the modernization of the German rescue service . The development of the Klinomobil , a moving operating room, goes back to him. Bauer also advocated compulsory seat belts in cars and a general speed limit . He significantly promoted the establishment of the nursing school at Heidelberg University as the first academization of nursing in the post-war period after the Second World War in Germany .

Honors

Publications

  • Racial hygiene. Your biological basis. Quelle & Meyer, Leipzig 1926 [= edition 1925]
  • Mutation theory of tumor development. Berlin 1928.
  • with Günther Just , Ernst Hanhart and others: Handbuch der Erbbiologie des Menschen. 7 volumes. Julius Springer, Berlin 1939–1940.
  • as ed. with Günther Just: Journal for human inheritance and constitution theory. Continuation of the Zeitschrift für Konstitutionlehre, founded by Julius Tandler. With the participation of W. Albrecht, CB Davenport, E. Kretschmer, O. Kroth, H. Lundborg, O. Naegeli, M. von Pfaundler, H. Reiter, R. Rössle, HW Siemens, O. Freiherr v. Verschuer and A. Vogt. Published by Julius Springer, Berlin 1935 ff. ( Publication separated from the magazine for the entire anatomy ).
  • as editor: On the new spirit of the university. Documents, speeches and lectures 1945–1946 . Springer, Berlin 1947.
  • The cancer problem. Berlin 1949.
  • as editor with Rudolf Stich : Carl Garrè , Textbook of Surgery. 14th and 15th editions, edited by Rudolf Stich and Karl Heinrich Bauer. Berlin / Göttingen / Heidelberg 1949.
  • Correspondence 1945–1968. KH Bauer and Karl Jaspers. Edited by Renato de Rosa. Springer, Berlin 1983, ISBN 3-540-12102-1 .

See also

literature

  • Wilhelm Doerr : Karl Heinrich Bauer in his work. Heidelberger Jahrbücher 35 (1991), ISSN  0073-1641 , pp. 113-132.
  • Helge Dvorak: Biographical Lexicon of the German Burschenschaft. Volume I: Politicians. Volume 7: Supplement A – K. Winter, Heidelberg 2013, ISBN 978-3-8253-6050-4 , pp. 49-51.
  • Fritz Linder : Obituary for Karl Heinrich Bauer (September 26, 1890 - July 7, 1978). Yearbook of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences for 1979. Heidelberg 1980, pp. 63–65.
  • Eike Wolgast : Karl Heinrich Bauer. The first post-war Heidelberg rector. Worldview and Action 1945–1946. In: Jürgen C. Heß, Hartmut Lehmann, Volker Sellin (eds.): Heidelberg 1945. (= Transatlantic historical studies. 5). Steiner, Stuttgart 1996, ISBN 3-515-06880-5 , pp. 107-129.
  • Barbara Zimmermann: Karl Heinrich Bauer. Badische Biographien NF 3, 1990, ISSN  0940-2640 , p. 23 f.
  • Renato de Rosa: The new beginning of the university 1945. Karl Heinrich Bauer and Karl Jaspers , in: Wilhelm Doerr et al. (Ed.): Semper Apertus. Six hundred years of Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg 1386–1986. 6 volumes, Vol. 3, Springer, Berlin 1985, ISBN 3-540-15425-6 , pp. 544-568.
  • Axel W. Bauer : Bauer, Karl Heinrich. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 154.
  • Ernst Kern : Seeing - thinking - acting of a surgeon in the 20th century. ecomed, Landsberg am Lech 2000, ISBN 3-609-20149-5 , pp. 285 and 327.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ernst Höhne: The Bubenreuther. History of a German fraternity . Erlangen 1936, p. 318 f., No. 2343.
  2. ↑ Ernst Kern : Seeing - Thinking - Acting of a surgeon in the 20th century. ecomed, Landsberg am Lech 2000, ISBN 3-609-20149-5 , p. 285.
  3. ↑ Wolfgang U. Eckart : Illustrated history of medicine. From the French Revolution to the present , 1. + 2. Output. Springer, Heidelberg / Berlin / New York 2011, on mutation theory Karl Heinrich Bauer p. 134; Illustrated History of Medicine Online Resource .
  4. ↑ Ute Felbor: Racial Biology and Hereditary Science in the Medical Faculty of the University of Würzburg 1937–1945. Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 1995, ISBN 3-88479-932-0 (= Würzburg medical-historical research. Supplement 3.) - At the same time: Dissertation Würzburg 1995), p. 155.
  5. ↑ Complete quote from Ernst Klee : Das Personenlexikon zum Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945 . Second, updated edition. Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2005, p. 31.
  6. ↑ Ute Felbor: Racial Biology and Hereditary Science in the Medical Faculty of the University of Würzburg 1937–1945. 1995, p. 176.
  7. ↑ a b Ernst Klee: The dictionary of persons on the Third Reich. Fischer Taschenbuch 2005, p. 31.
  8. ^ German administration for popular education in the Soviet occupation zone, list of literature to be sorted out
  9. ↑ See KH Bauer (ed.): About the new spirit of the university. Springer, Berlin 1947.
  10. ↑ Wolfgang U. Eckart, Volker Sellin, Eike Wolgast: The University of Heidelberg in National Socialism. Springer Medizin Verlag, Heidelberg 2006, here: Wolfgang U. Eckart : The Medical Faculty, Chap. 6, here: Felix Sommer: Chirurgie, ISBN 978-3-540-21442-7 , pp. 820-821.
  11. ↑ Wolfgang Rapp: Heritage, transition and paradigm. In: Wolfgang Eich (Ed.): Bipersonality Psychophysiology and Anthropological Medicine. Paul Christian on his 100th birthday. Königshausen & Neumann 2014, ISBN 978-3-8260-4971-2 , on Karl Heinrich Bauer pp. 92, 93, 96.
  12. ↑ Frank-Roland Kühnel: Landtag, Members of Parliament and constituencies in Baden-Württemberg 1946 to 2009. Stuttgart 2009, ISBN 978-3-923476-01-5 , p. 192.
  13. ^ Award criteria for the Karl Heinrich Bauer Prize of the German Society for Surgery
  14. ^ In: Klinische Wochenschrift. 36, 1958, issue 22.
  15. ↑ Information is taken from the portrait of Karl-Heinrich Bauer above the entrance to the large lecture hall of the Heidelberg University Hospital for Surgery, January 2020.
  16. ↑ Axel W. Bauer : KH Bauer. In: Wolfgang U. Eckart , Christoph Gradmann: Ärztelexikon. From antiquity to the present. 1st edition. CH Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Munich 1995.
  17. ↑ Christine R. Auer: Antje Grauhan and Wolfgang Rapp (Dept. Paul Christian ): The expansion of the bipersonal to a tripersonal situation presented us with new challenges. For Sabine Bartholomeyczik to the Federal Cross of Merit 2015. On the engagement of Karl Heinrich Bauer from p. 15 almost continuous documents, self-published, Heidelberg 2015, ISBN 978-3-00-050734-2 .
  18. ^ Heinrich Krebs and Heinrich Schipperges : Heidelberger Chirurgie 1818-1968. A commemorative publication on the 150th anniversary of the Surgical University Clinic , Springer Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 1968, on Karl Heinrich Bauer and the “extremely lively university nursing school” p. 103.
  19. ↑ On the history of the Association of Northwest German Surgeons, 125th conference, 12. – 14. June 1980 , p. 23.
  20. ↑ Ute Felbor: Racial Biology and Hereditary Science in the Medical Faculty of the University of Würzburg 1937–1945. Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 1995 (= Würzburg medical historical research. Supplement 3; also dissertation Würzburg 1995), ISBN 3-88479-932-0 , pp. 153 and 181.
personal data
SURNAME Bauer, Karl Heinrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German surgeon and medical officer, rector of Heidelberg University
DATE OF BIRTH September 26, 1890
PLACE OF BIRTH Schwärzdorf , Upper Franconia
DATE OF DEATH July 7, 1978
Place of death Heidelberg