List of physical quantities
Quick reference | |
Ratio size | |
related size | |
extensive state variable | |
intensive state variable | |
Process variable | |
Energy size | |
Field size |
This list shows all the important physical quantities - the SI base quantities and quantities derived from them - in technology and natural sciences, sorted according to areas of knowledge.
The symbols used are largely based on the international standards or those specified by DIN 1304 for German-speaking countries. Several symbols are common for some physical quantities, as this quantity is used in different areas of application.
There are clear standards for correct use and the notation of sizes, units and values .
Physical constants are not listed in the table below.
SI base quantities and units
Base size | Formula symbol | Symbol for dimension | Base unit | Unit symbol |
---|---|---|---|---|
length | , , , , Etc. | L. | meter | |
Dimensions | M. | kilogram | ||
time | T | second | ||
electric current | I. | amp | ||
absolute temperature (also thermodynamic temperature ) | θ | Kelvin | ||
Amount of substance | N | Mole | ||
Light intensity | J | Candela |
geometry
Size type | Physical size | Formula symbol | Dimen. | SI unit | Other units | comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
flat angle | flat angle , angle of rotation |
|
1 | Radian (rad) |
Degree (°) Gon (gon, g ) |
|
Solid angle | Solid angle | 1 | Steradian (sr) | Square degree ((°) ²) | ||
length | length | L. | Meter (m) |
Ångström (Å) |
||
length | width | L. | Meter (m) | Ångström (Å) | ||
length | Height , depth | L. | Meter (m) | Ångström (Å) | ||
length | Thickness, layer thickness | L. | Meter (m) | Ångström (Å) | ||
length | Radius ( radius ), distance | L. | Meter (m) |
Ångström (Å) |
||
length | diameter | L. | Meter (m) |
Ångström (Å) |
||
length | Path length, curve length | L. | Meter (m) |
Ångström (Å) |
||
surface | Area , surface | L 2 | Square meter (m 2 ) |
Ar (a) hectare (ha) |
||
surface | Cross sectional area | L 2 | Square meter (m 2 ) | Barn (b) | ||
volume | Volume , volume | L 3 | Cubic meter (m 3 ) | Liter (l) |
kinematics
Size type | Physical size | Formula symbol | dimension | SI unit | Other units | comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
time | Time, time span , duration | T | Second (s) | |||
time | Period duration | T | Second (s) | |||
time | Time constant | T | Second (s) | |||
speed | speed | LT −1 | m · s −1 | Kilometers per hour (km h −1 ) | ||
speed | Flow velocity | LT −1 | m · s −1 | Kilometers per hour (km h −1 ) | ||
acceleration | acceleration | LT −2 | m · s −2 | |||
acceleration | local acceleration due to gravity | LT −2 | m · s −2 | gal | ||
shock | shock | LT −3 | m · s −3 | |||
frequency | Frequency , period frequency | T −1 | Hertz (Hz) | s −1 | ||
frequency | Speed , rotational frequency | T −1 | s −1 | U · s −1 | ||
Angular frequency | Angular frequency , angular frequency | T −1 | rad · s −1 | |||
Angular velocity | Angular velocity | T −1 | rad · s −1 | |||
Angular acceleration | Angular acceleration | T −2 | rad · s −2 | |||
length | wavelength | L. | Meter (m) | Ångström (Å) | ||
viscosity | kinematic viscosity | L 2 T -1 | m 2 s −1 | Stokes (St) |
mechanics
Size type | Physical size | FZ | dimension | SI unit | Other units | comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dimensions | Dimensions | M. | Kilogram (kg) |
Gram (g) ton (t) metric carat (ct) |
||
force | force | MLT −2 | Newton (N) |
dyn (dyn) kilopond (kp) |
||
force | Weight force | MLT −2 | Newton (N) | Dyn (dyn) kilopond (kp) |
||
force | friction | MLT −2 | Newton (N) | Dyn (dyn) kilopond (kp) |
||
pulse | pulse | MLT −1 | N · s | kg m s −1 | ||
pulse | Impulse | MLT −1 | N · s | kg m s −1 | ||
Moment of inertia | Moment of inertia | ML 2 | kg · m² | |||
Torque | Torque ( moment of force ) | ML 2 T −2 | Newton meter (Nm) |
Dynmeter (dynm) Kilopondmeter (kpm) |
||
Torque | Torsional , restraint moment , bending moment | M L² T −2 | Newton meter (Nm) | |||
Angular momentum | Angular momentum , twist | M L² T −1 | kg · m² · s −1 | J · s | ||
effect | effect | ML 2 T −1 | kg · m² · s −1 | J · s | ||
energy | job | M L² T −2 | Joule (J) | Newton meter (Nm) Kilowatt hour (kWh) Electron volt (eV) Kilopond meter (kpm) Erg (erg) Calorie (cal) |
||
energy | energy | M L² T −2 | Joule (J) | Newton meter (Nm) Kilowatt hour (kWh) Electron volt (eV) Kilopond meter (kpm) Erg (erg) Calorie (cal) |
||
Energy density | volumetric energy density | ML −1 T −2 | J m −3 | |||
Energy density | specific energy | L 2 T −2 | J kg −1 | |||
power | power | ML 2 T −3 | Watt (W) |
VA kpm s −1 horsepower (PS) |
||
Power density | Intensity , area-related power density | MT −3 | W m −2 | |||
Power density | volumetric power density | ML −1 T −3 | W m −3 | |||
Power density | specific performance | L 2 T −3 | W kg −1 | |||
coefficient | Efficiency | 1 | one | |||
Mass density | density | M · L −3 | kg m −3 | |||
Mass occupancy | Mass occupancy | M · L −2 | kg m −2 | |||
specific volume | specific volume | M −1 L 3 | m 3 kg −1 | |||
specific weight | specific weight (specific gravity) | M · L −2 · T −2 | kg m −2 s −2 | N m −3 | ||
mechanical tension | pressure | M · L −1 · T −2 | Pascal (Pa) |
Bar (bar) |
||
mechanical tension | absolute pressure | ML −1 T −2 | Pascal (Pa) | Nm −2 bar (bar) |
||
mechanical tension | Air pressure | ML −1 T −2 | Pascal (Pa) | Nm −2 bar (bar) |
||
mechanical tension | atmospheric pressure difference , overpressure | ML −1 T −2 | Pascal (Pa) | N · m -2 bar (bar) |
||
mechanical tension | Normal stress ( tensile or compressive stress ) | ML −1 T −2 | Pascal (Pa) | N · m -2 bar (bar) |
||
mechanical tension | Shear stress | ML −1 T −2 | Pascal (Pa) | N · m -2 bar (bar) |
||
module | modulus of elasticity | ML −1 T −2 | N m −2 | |||
module | Shear modulus | ML −1 T −2 | N m −2 | |||
module | Compression module | ML −1 T −2 | N m −2 | |||
Spring constant | Spring constant | MT −2 | N m −1 | |||
Compressibility | Compressibility | MT −2 | N m −1 | |||
coefficient | Elongation , relative change in length | 1 | one | |||
coefficient | Push , shear | 1 | one | |||
coefficient | Poisson's number | 1 | one | |||
viscosity | dynamic viscosity | ML −1 T −1 | Pa · s | Poise (P) | ||
viscosity | kinematic viscosity | L 2 T −1 | m 2 s −1 | Stokes (St) | ||
coefficient | Reynolds number | 1 | one | |||
coefficient | Coefficient of friction | 1 | one | |||
Volume flow | Volume flow | L 3 T −1 | m 3 s −1 | |||
Mass flow | Mass flow | MT −1 | kg s −1 |
thermodynamics
Size type | Physical size | Formula symbol | dimension | SI unit | Other units | comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
temperature | absolute temperature | Θ | Kelvin (K) | |||
temperature | Temperature difference | Θ | Kelvin (K) |
Degree Celsius (° C) Degree Fahrenheit (° F) Degree Rankine (° Ra) Degree (grd.) |
||
temperature | Celsius temperature | Θ | Degrees Celsius (° C) | Kelvin (K) | ||
energy | Heat , amount of heat | ML 2 T −2 | Joule (J) | |||
energy | inner energy | ML 2 T −2 | Joule (J) | |||
energy | thermal energy | ML 2 T −2 | Joule (J) | |||
energy | chemical potential | ML 2 T −2 | Joule (J) | |||
energy | Enthalpy | ML 2 T −2 | Joule (J) | |||
power | Heat flow | ML 2 T −3 | Watt (W) | J · s −1 | ||
Power density | Heat flux density | MT −3 | W m −2 | |||
entropy | entropy | ML 2 T −2 Θ −1 | J · K −1 | |||
Heat capacity | Heat capacity | ML 2 T −2 Θ −1 | J · K −1 | |||
specific heat capacity | specific heat capacity | L 2 T −2 Θ −1 | J K −1 kg −1 | |||
Temperature coefficient | Coefficient of linear expansion | Θ −1 | K −1 | |||
Temperature coefficient | Volume expansion coefficient | Θ −1 | K −1 | |||
Thermal conductivity | Thermal conductivity | MLT −3 Θ −1 | W K −1 m −1 | |||
Temperature coefficient | Heat transfer coefficient | MT −3 Θ −1 | W K −1 m −2 | |||
Temperature coefficient | Heat transfer coefficient | MT −3 Θ −1 | W K −1 m −2 | |||
Thermal resistance | Thermal resistance | M −1 T 3 Θ | m 2 W K −1 | |||
Thermal diffusivity | Thermal diffusivity | L 2 T −1 | m 2 s −1 |
Electrodynamics
Size type | Physical size | Formula symbol | dimension | SI unit | Other units | comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
el. amperage | electric current | I. | Ampere (A) | Biot (bi) | ||
el. current density | electric current density | I · L −2 | A m −2 | |||
el. charge | electric charge | IT | Coulomb (C) | A s Franklin (Fr) |
||
el. voltage | electrical voltage , electrical potential difference | ML 2 T −3 I −1 | Volt (V) | W A −1 J C −1 |
||
el. potential | electrical potential | ML 2 T −3 I −1 | Volt (V) | W A −1 J C −1 |
||
el. resistance | ohmic resistance , effective resistance | ML 2 T −3 I −2 | Ohm ( ) | V · A −1 | ||
el. resistance | Reactance | ML 2 T −3 I −2 | Ohm ( ) | V · A −1 | ||
el. resistance | Impedance , impedance | ML 2 T −3 I −2 | Ohm ( ) | V · A −1 | ||
specific electrical resistance | specific electrical resistance | ML 3 T −3 I −2 | Ω m | |||
el. conductance | electrical conductance , effective conductance | M −1 L −2 T 3 I 2 | Siemens (S) | Ω −1 , A · V −1 | ||
el. conductance | Susceptance | M −1 L −2 T 3 I 2 | Siemens (S) | Ω −1 , A · V −1 | ||
el. conductance | Admittance , admittance | M −1 L −2 T 3 I 2 | Siemens (S) | Ω −1 , A · V −1 | ||
specific electrical conductance | specific electrical conductance | M −1 L −3 T 3 I 2 | S m −1 | |||
force | Lorentz force | MLT −2 | Newton (N) | Dyn (dyn) kilopond (kp) |
||
el. field strength | electric field strength | MLT −3 I −1 | V m −1 | N · C −1 | ||
el. river | electric flow | IT | C. | |||
el. flux density | electrical flux density (electrical excitation), displacement density | IL −2 T | C m −2 | |||
el. polarization | polarization | IL −2 T | C m −2 | |||
el. polarizability | Polarizability | M −1 I 2 T 4 | C m 2 V −1 | |||
magnet. Flux density | magnetic flux density , magnetic induction | MT −2 I −1 | Tesla (T) |
Gauss (G) γ |
||
magnet. Flux density | magnetic polarization | MT −2 I −1 | Tesla (T) | Gauss (G) γ |
||
magnet. Field strength | magnetic field strength , magnetic excitation | L −1 I | A m −1 | Oersted (Oe) | ||
magnetization | magnetization | L −1 I | A m −1 | |||
magnet. flow | Magnetic river | ML 2 T −2 I −1 | Weber (Wb) | Vs Maxwell (M) |
||
magnetic moment | magnetic moment | L 2 I | A m 2 | |||
el. capacity | electrical capacitance | M −1 L −2 T 4 I 2 | Farad (F) | C · V −1 , A · s · V −1 | ||
Elasticity | Elasticity | ML 2 T −4 I −2 | F −1 | |||
Inductance | Inductance | ML 2 T −2 I −2 | Henry (H) | Wb · A −1 | ||
Permittivity | Permittivity | M −1 L −3 T 4 I 2 | F m −1 | |||
permeability | Magnetic permeability | MLT −2 I −2 | H m −1 | |||
power | Apparent power | ML 2 T −3 | Volt amperes (VA) | |||
power | Real power | ML 2 T −3 | Watt (W) | |||
power | Reactive power | ML 2 T −3 | Var (var) | |||
Charge density | Line charge density | ITL −1 | C m −1 | |||
Charge density | Surface charge density | ITL −2 | C m −2 | |||
Charge density | Space charge density | ITL −3 | C m −3 | |||
magnet. potential | magnetic potential | I. | A. | |||
magnet. potential | magnetic potential field | I. | A. | |||
magnet. tension | magnetic flooding | I. | A. |
AW, Aw Gilbert (Gb) |
||
magnet. flow | magnetic interlinking flux | ML 2 T −2 I −1 | Weber (Wb) | V s Maxwell (M) |
||
Susceptibility | electrical susceptibility | 1 | 1 | |||
Susceptibility | magnetic susceptibility | 1 | 1 | |||
molar susceptibility | molar susceptibility | L 3 N −1 | m 3 · mol -1 | |||
Mass susceptibility | Mass susceptibility | L 3 M −1 | m 3 kg −1 |
Atomic and Molecular
Size type | Physical size | Formula symbol | dimension | SI unit | Other units | comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amount of substance | Amount of substance | n | N | Mole (mol) | Val (val) | |
molar volume | molar volume | L 3 N −1 | m 3 mol −1 | |||
molar mass | molar mass | MN −1 | g mol −1 | |||
relative mass | relative atomic mass | 1 | one | |||
relative mass | relative molecular weight | 1 | one | |||
Value | Charge number of an ion , valence of a substance B | 1 | one |
Nuclear physics
Size type | Physical size | Formula symbol | dimension | SI unit | Other units | comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
activity | activity | T −1 | Becquerel (Bq) |
Curie (unit) (Ci) Stat (St) Eman (eman) Mache unit (ME) |
||
specific activity | specific activity | M −1 T −1 | Bq kg −1 | |||
time | Half-life | T | Second (s) | |||
time | lifespan | T | Second (s) | |||
reciprocal time | Decay constant | T −1 | s −1 | |||
specific energy | Absorbed dose | L 2 T −2 | Gray (Gy) | J kg −1 wheel (rad) |
||
Equivalent dose | Equivalent dose | L 2 T −2 | Sievert (Sv) | J kg −1 Rem (rem) |
||
Ion dose | Ion dose | M −1 IT | A s kg −1 | X-ray (R) | ||
surface | Cross section | L 2 | Square meter (m 2 ) | Barn b |
Radiometry
Size type | Physical size | Formula symbol | dimension | SI unit | Other units | comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Power density | Radiation intensity (radiation intensity) | ML 2 T −3 | W sr −1 | english radiant intensity | ||
power | Radiation flux | ML 2 T −3 | Watt (W) | engl. radiant flux , radiant power | ||
energy | Radiant energy (amount of radiation) | ML 2 T −2 | Joule (J) | engl. radiant energy | ||
Radiance | Radiance | MT −3 | W m −2 sr −1 | engl. radiance | ||
Power density | Irradiance | MT −3 | W m −2 | engl. irradiance | ||
Power density | specific charisma | MT −3 | W m −2 | engl. radiant exitance , radiant emittance | ||
Energy density | Irradiation | MT −2 | J m −2 | engl. radiant exposure |
Photometry and optics
Size type | Physical size | Formula symbol | dimension | SI unit | Other units | comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Light intensity | Light intensity | J | Candela (cd) | Hefner candle (HK) | english luminous intensity | |
Luminous flux | Luminous flux | , , | J | Lumen (lm) | cd sr | engl. luminous flux , luminous power |
Light output | Light output | , | M −1 L −2 T 3 J | lm · W −1 | , engl. luminous efficacy | |
Amount of light | Amount of light | TJ | Lumen second (lm s) | cd sr s | engl. luminous energy | |
Luminance | Luminance | L −2 J | cd · m -2 | Stilb (sb), Apostilb (asb), Lambert (la), Blondel | , engl. luminance | |
Illuminance | Illuminance | L −2 J | Lux (lx) | lm m −2 , Nox (nx), Phot (ph) |
, engl. illuminance | |
specific light emission | specific light emission | L −2 J | lm m −2 | engl. luminous emittance | ||
exposure | exposure | L −2 TJ | Lux second (lx s) | engl. luminous exposure | ||
length | Focal length | L. | Meter (m) | engl. focal length | ||
reciprocal length | Refractive index , refractive power | L −1 | m −1 | Diopter (dpt) | engl. diopter , dioptre |
Legend
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k ratio
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s related size
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i extensive state variable
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i intensive state variable
- ↑ a b c process variable
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o energy quantity
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u field size
- ↑ a b pseudo vector
- ↑ Conservation size with regard to the homogeneity of the space
- ↑ Conservation quantity with regard to the isotropy of space
- ↑ Conservation size with regard to C-symmetry