Muhlhausen (Kraichgau)

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 49 ° 15 '  N , 8 ° 43'  E
Basic data
State :	Baden-Württemberg
Administrative region :	Karlsruhe
County :	Rhein-Neckar district
Height :	144 m above sea level NHN
Area :	15.31 km 2
Residents:	8571 (Dec. 31, 2018)
Population density :	560 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	69242
Primaries :	06222, 07253
License plate :	HD
Community key :	08 2 26 054
Community structure:	3 districts
Address of the municipal administration:	Schulstrasse 6 69242 Mühlhausen
Website :	www.muehlhausen-kraichgau.de
Mayor :	Jens Spanberger ( CDU )
Location of the community Mühlhausen in the Rhein-Neckar-Kreis

Mühlhausen is a municipality in the Rhein-Neckar district in Baden-Württemberg .

geography

Geographical location

Mühlhausen belongs to the Rhine-Neckar metropolitan region and is located at an altitude of 125 to 250 meters in the Kraichgau , around 20 km south of Heidelberg . The Waldangelbach , into which the Tairnbächle flows, flows through Mühlhausen .

Community structure

The municipality of Mühlhausen includes the former communities of Rettigheim southwest and Tairnbach northeast of Mühlhausen. In the municipality of Mühlhausen, within the borders of December 31, 1971, lies the Grombacher Märkel desert , in the place of which a brickworks, which has now also been abandoned, was later built. In the area of ​​the former municipality of Tairnbach are the desert areas Sternweilerhof and Glismutehusen.

Neighboring communities

The community borders in the north on Dielheim , in the east on the city of Sinsheim , in the southeast on Angelbachtal , in the south on the city Östringen and Bad Schönborn in the district of Karlsruhe , in the west on Malsch and in the northwest on the city of Rauenberg .

history

Mulhouse

Mühlhausen was already settled in prehistoric times. On the Schleebergstraße one were Neolithic ring ploughshare and 25 graves from the Hallstatt period found. In Won Altenbach an earthen lunar image from the transition from bronze to Hallstatt period were found. A Celtic grave was found on the Haubachbuckel . The place was first mentioned in the Lorsch Codex as Mulnhusen in 783 . Of the named mills, the Upper Mill and Lower Mill mentioned for the first time in 1305 and 1368 have survived to this day. In the document from 783, a woman named Geilwib gave her property in Mühlhausen to the Lorsch monastery . In 976 the place belonged to the Benedictine Abbey of Mosbach and came with this to the diocese of Worms . In 1143 the Odenheim monastery exchanged forest ownership near Mühlhausen from the Wimpfen monastery . The state forest on the Schleeberg goes back to this exchange . In 1272 Mühlhausen with the castle and village of Rotenberg came to the Speyer monastery . With the villages of Balzfeld, Dielheim, Horrenberg, Malsch, Malschenberg, Rauenberg and Rotenberg, Mühlhausen was part of the Rotenberg office attested in 1341.

In the high Middle Ages, the Lords of Mühlhausen had their own local nobility, who had their seat in a castle in Zwernig . The lords of Mühlhausen occupied in the 14th century were Speyrian ministerials and vassals of the Landschad von Steinach . The castle in Mühlhausen, which was probably only built as a wooden palisade, was probably destroyed in the course of the feud that the local lords, together with the families of Helmstatt , Rüppurr , Obrigheim and Öwisheim, led and lost against Kraft von Hohenlohe . In 1401 Mühlhausen Castle was already deserted and the Lords of Mühlhausen only had property in the surrounding villages of Rotenberg , where they owned Rotenberg Castle in place of the older local lords , Östringen and Mingolsheim .

After the Mainz collegiate feud in 1462, the Rotenberg office came to the Electoral Palatinate before the Speyer bishop could buy back the property in 1505. Due to the affiliation to the Speyer diocese, the place remained an Old Believer even during the Reformation . During the Peasants' War in 1525, residents of Mühlhausen took part in the uprisings in neighboring Malsch, so that the place was imposed high fines after the unrest had ended. During the Thirty Years' War the place suffered mainly from the prevailing epidemics, which killed around two thirds of the population. In the late 17th and almost the entire 18th century, the place then suffered from frequent troop movements and high war contributions.

Rettigheim

Rettigheim was first mentioned in the Lorsch Codex as Radinchheim in 788 and later belonged to the Odenheim monastery. In 1338 Speyer also acquired the manorial power over the place with the bailiwick. In 1546 it then acquired all rights to rule.

Tairnbach

Tairnbach was first mentioned around 1300 as Dierenbach and was also Speyerian at that time. During the Reformation , however, the village belonged to the rulership of the Lords of Hirschhorn - and thus to the knightly canton of Odenwald - and thus became Protestant. After several changes of rule in 1735 the barons of Überbrück zu Rodenstein acquired the place.

In 1803 Mühlhausen and Rettigheim came to Baden , in 1805 also Tairnbach.

All three sub-locations belonged to the district of Heidelberg until it was absorbed into the newly founded Rhein-Neckar district in 1973.

Population development

 

Population development of Mühlhausen (Kraichgau) according to the adjacent table. Above from 1652 to 2018. Below an excerpt from 1871

Mühlhausen, Rettigheim and Tairnbach

year	1652	1787	1834	1875	1939	1961	1965	1970
Mulhouse	97	534	950	1175	2083	2826	3080	3101
Rettigheim	75	330	566	612	883	1264	1486	1727
Tairnbach			413	466	669	886	889	925

Mühlhausen within today's limits

year	1961	1965	1970	1991	1995	2005	2010	2015	2017	2018
Residents	4976	5455	5753	6809	7278	8209	8245	8451	8514	8571

Incorporations

In the course of the regional reform in Baden-Württemberg , on January 1, 1972, Rettigheim was voluntarily incorporated into Mühlhausen, and on January 1, 1975, Tairnbach was incorporated by a judgment of the State Court of Baden-Württemberg.

Religions

Mühlhausen and Rettigheim were influenced by Catholicism in accordance with their long membership of the Speyer monastery . The denomination distribution hardly changed, so that in 1965 more than 90 percent of the population were still Catholic. Since January 1, 2015, Mühlhausen, Malsch, Rettigheim, Rauenberg, Rotenberg and Malschenberg have formed the pastoral care unit and parish of Letzenberg in the Wiesloch deanery of the Archdiocese of Freiburg .

In the 19th century there was a strong Jewish community in Tairnbach that maintained a synagogue in the village. In 1825 it reached its peak when it made up a third of the population. After emigrating to the cities, the community dissolved and in 1905 99 percent of the Tairnbachers were Protestant . As a result of the admission of displaced persons after the Second World War , the Catholic proportion rose to 16 percent in 1961.

According to the 2011 census , 55.8% of the residents in the community of Mühlhausen were Catholic, 19.8% Protestant and 24.4% did not belong to any or any other religious community.

politics

The town hall of Mühlhausen

Historical

From the imperial era to the end of the Weimar Republic , the center was the defining party in Mühlhausen and Rettigheim . The NSDAP received a quarter of the votes in 1933. In Tairnbach, the National Liberals were strongest until the First World War . Subsequently, the DDP and the DVP were the preferred parties before the NSDAP obtained a majority from 1930.

After 1945 the CDU soon developed into the dominant party and has remained so to this day.

Municipal council

The municipal council is elected directly every five years. It usually has 20 members, plus the mayor as the voting chairman of the council. The false choice of suburbs guarantees the districts a fixed minimum number of seats in the council: The district of Mühlhausen is represented by 10, Rettigheim by 7, Tairnbach by 3 municipal councils.

In the 2019 local elections , compensatory seats resulted in an increase in the size of the council to 24 members. Overall, the election led to the following result (in brackets: difference to 2014):

CDU	41.6% (−12.5)	10 seats (−1)
Green	26.3% (+14.1)	6 seats (+4)
Free Voters / Citizens List eV	26.0% (+2.6)	6 seats (+1)
SPD	6.2% (−4.0)	2 seats (± 0)

The turnout was 66.5% (+9.0).

In the territory of the former municipality Tairnbach one's locality within the meaning of Baden-Wuerttemberg Municipal Code with private Ortschaftsrat and mayor set up as its chairman.

Mayors, bailiffs and mayors

On December 9, 1809, the so-called organizational rescript was published in the Grand Ducal Baden Government Gazette. Accordingly, the local superiors in the country were called Vogt . In 1832 the municipal code came into force and from that point on designated the governors as mayors.

The mayors of Mühlhausen known by name, bailiffs from 1814 and mayors from 1832 were:

Mayor

• 1305 Sigfrid Kurtz
• 1368 Heintze Hoßer
• 1499 Niclaus on the Steyge
• 1562 Peter Schaffer
• 1571 Hans in der Steig
• 1600 Wendel Becker
• 1612 Matthes Steimer
• 1614 Georg in der Steig
• 1623 Hanß Steimer
• 1625 Hans Georg Cammerknecht
• 1687 Andreas Breitner
• 1715 Hans Georg Bellmann
• 1738 Johann Breitner
• 1761 Christoph Wiesendanger
• 1762 Johann Peter Hotz
• 1768 Peter Götz
• 1771 Simon Peter Bellmann, baton holder
• 1796 Johann Michael Merx
• 1797 Joseph Hotz
• 1808 Franz Jakob Wachter (from 1814 Vogt)

Bailiff

• 1822 Michael Wagner
• 1826 Jakob Kretz
• 1827 Georg Franz Hillenbrand (from 1832 mayor)

mayor

• Georg Franz Hillenbrand (1832) previously Vogt from 1827–1832.
• Johann Joseph Rachel (1832–1844)
• Sebastian Rittel (1844–1849)
• Johannes Fellhauer (1849–1861)
• Philipp Breitner (1861-1870)
• Jakob Antoni (1870–1876)
• Ferdinand Hassel (1876–1879)
• Wilhelm Metzger (1879–1889)
• Franz Jakob Essenbreis (1885–1889)
• Friedrich Kretz (1889–1904)
• Karl Friedrich Hotz (1904–1923)
• Carl Adam (1923-1933)
• Karl Friedrich Hotz (1933)
• Ludwig Hecker (1933–1937)
• Ernst Zimmermann (1937–1938)
• Ludwig Hoffner (1938–1942)
• Ernst Zimmermann (1942–1945)
• Martin Schneider (1945–1948)
• Philipp Ernst Kretz (1948–1976)
• Richard Schneider (1976-1992)
• Karl Klein (1992-2011)
• Jens Spanberger (since 2012)

Jens Spanberger, previously head of the public order department of the city of Rauenberg , has been mayor since January 1, 2012 , after Karl Klein prematurely resigned from office. Jens Spanberger stood in the election campaign as an independent and non-party candidate and prevailed in the second ballot on November 27, 2011 with 54.76% of the votes against the remaining competitors Holger Meid and Regine Engelbrecht. In February 2013, Jens Spanberger joined the Mühlhausen-Rettigheim-Tairnbach CDU community association. The mayor is directly elected every eight years.

coat of arms

The blazon of the coat of arms reads: In a split and half-split shield above in silver a four-spoke, eight-blade black mill wheel, below right in blue on a silver handle with two silver leaves a silver grape, below left in gold a green clover leaf.

After the incorporation in 1972 and 1975, Mühlhausen initially continued its old coat of arms - the mill wheel. At the request of the municipality, the new three-part coat of arms was created in cooperation with the General State Archives and awarded together with the black and white flag in 1997 by the Rhein-Neckar-Kreis district office. With the Rettigheimer clover leaf and the Tairnbacher grape it now also shows elements from the old coats of arms of the two incorporated towns.

• 

  Mulhouse

• 

  Rettigheim

• 

  Tairnbach

Partnerships

Mühlhausen has been in partnership with Saint-Étienne-de-Montluc in the Pays de la Loire in France since 1991 .

Culture and sights

Catholic Church Mühlhausen

Catholic St. Nicholas Church in Rettigheim

The tower of the Catholic Church of St. Cäcilia in Mühlhausen was built around 1250. Around 1530 the octagonal bell chamber and the pointed spire were added. The flat ship was built in 1805. The choir, built in 1881, was replaced by a transept with an apse in a modern style during the expansion in 1952 . A war memorial and a historical stone crucifix from 1775 have been erected by the church. Around a dozen old stone crosses have been preserved in and around Mühlhausen. Not far from the church, the Heimathaus with an exhibition on the local history was set up in a historic half-timbered house on Untere Mühlstrasse .

The Catholic parish church of St. Nikolaus in Rettigheim was built in the late classical style in 1823/24. In 1956 it was expanded.

The Tairnbacher Schloss was built in 1736. From 1905 to 1975 it served Tairnbach as a representative town hall.

Economy and Infrastructure

economy

For centuries, the three places that are now united in the entire municipality of Mühlhausen were characterized by agriculture and an important wine-growing location. As early as the first half of the 19th century, there were no longer enough jobs for the residents of Mühlhausen, so that many were hired out as day laborers in the sugar factory in Waghäusel . From 1857 Mühlhausen was the place of manufacture for the cigar industry. In 1909 there were 22 cigar factories in the village, which in the 1920s employed over 40% of the population. After the decline of the cigar industry after the Second World War, Mühlhausen became a residential community for commuters due to the lack of large new businesses. Mühlhausen is on the regional development axis Speyer – Wiesloch – Sinsheim with good transport connections to companies in Wiesloch, Walldorf, Östringen, Heidelberg and Mannheim.

The organ builder Karl Göckel has his workshop in Rettigheim.

traffic

Mühlhausen is connected to the trunk road network via the Wiesloch / Rauenberg junction of the A 6, five kilometers away . In addition, the B 39 runs through the municipality; the district of Mühlhausen has been bypassed to the south since December 5, 2012 - the southern bypass was released.

There are bus routes to the surrounding communities. Mühlhausen belongs to the tariff area of ​​the Rhein-Neckar transport association .

Historically, the branch line from Wiesloch-Walldorf to Meckesheim is noteworthy, which was opened on May 14, 1901 and received a further section in the direction of Waldangelloch via Rauenberg , Rotenberg , Mühlhausen, Tairnbach, Eichtersheim and Michelfeld on October 16, 1901 . Rail traffic was discontinued in 1980. The last trip took place on May 31, 1980.

Public facilities

• A retirement and nursing home
• five kindergartens

These are: in Mühlhausen rainbow (communal) and Sankt Josef (church), in Rettigheim Arche Noah and Sankt Nikolaus (both church), in Tairnbach: mustard seed (church). In 2013, the municipal council decided to replace the church-sponsored kindergarten Noah's Ark in the Rettigheim district with the construction of a multifunctional children's home under municipal sponsorship.

education

In the districts of Rettigheim and Tairnbach there is a primary school each , in Mühlhausen there is a primary and community school . There are public libraries in Mühlhausen and Rettigheim. The Volkshochschule Südliche Bergstrasse has a branch in Mühlhausen. For the youngest residents, there are two communal, two Roman Catholic and (in Tairnbach) one Protestant kindergarten .

Personalities

Honorary citizen

• Julius Ritzi (1896–1984), teacher and rector
• Rudolf Kurz (1903-2006), Catholic clergyman
• Philipp Ernst Kretz (1912–1988), Mayor
• Josef Maier (1920–1999), police officer
• Hans Bender (1919–2015), writer and editor
• Gerhard Höflin (* 1931), Protestant clergyman

Sons and daughters of the church

• Hans Bender (1919–2015), writer and editor
• Bruno Rühl (1926–2018), local politician
• Friedrich Kretz (* 1952), Pallottine Father
• Armin Rühl (* 1957), drummer
• Konrad Rühl (* 1961), director of the agricultural administration of Baden-Württemberg
• Stephan Harbarth (* 1971), judge at the Federal Constitutional Court and its President
• Christian Klein (* 1980), Board Spokesman at SAP SE.

Persons in connection with Mühlhausen

• Stephanie Breitner (* 1992), soccer player

literature

• State Archive administration Baden-Württemberg in connection with d. Cities and districts Heidelberg u. Mannheim (ed.): The city and districts of Heidelberg and Mannheim: Official district description .
  • Vol. 1: General part . Karlsruhe 1966
  • Vol. 2: The city of Heidelberg and the municipalities of the district of Heidelberg . Karlsruhe 1968
• Georg Armbruster: Mulhouse in Kraichgau ; Mühlhausen im Kraichgau 1971, p. 82
• Georg Adam: A village tells its story: 1200 years of Mühlhausen im Kraichgau with the districts of Rettigheim and Tairnbach; 783-1983 . Mühlhausen im Kraichgau 1982

Web links

Commons : Mühlhausen (Kraichgau)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Mühlhausen community
• LEO-BW, discover regional studies online , Mühlhausen

Individual evidence

1. ↑ State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg - Population by nationality and gender on December 31, 2018 (CSV file) ( help on this ).
2. ^ The state of Baden-Württemberg. Official description by district and municipality. Volume V: Karlsruhe District Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1976, ISBN 3-17-002542-2 . Pp. 392-394
3. ↑ Minst, Karl Josef [transl.]: Lorscher Codex (Volume 4), Certificate 2603, March 5, 783 - Reg. 1819. In: Heidelberg historical stocks - digital. Heidelberg University Library, p. 182 , accessed on March 5, 2016 . 
4. ↑ Hubert Kamuf: Mühlhausen in Kraichgau 600 years ago. Extract from the interest book of the Prince-Bishop of Speyer, newly created in 1401 - GLA Karlsruhe, Dept. 67/290 . In: Kraichgau, part 17/2002, pp. 117–127.
5. ↑ Ludwig H. Hildebrandt: The Speyrian interest book from 1401 as a source for regional history . In: Kraichgau, part 17/2002, pp. 129-133.
6. ↑ Festschrift 1200 years Mühlhausen im Kraichgau , Mühlhausen 1983, pp. 53–59.
7. ↑ Minst, Karl Josef [transl.]: Lorscher Codex (Volume 4), Certificate 2312, May 25, 788 - Reg. 2022. In: Heidelberg historical stocks - digital. Heidelberg University Library, p. 102 , accessed on January 15, 2018 . 
8. ↑ District description, Vol. 2, p. 722.
9. ↑ District description, Vol. 2, p. 798.
10. ↑ District description, Vol. 2, p. 961.
11. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 475 and 487 .
12. ^ Parishes of the Catholic pastoral care unit and parish of Letzenberg. In: kath-muehlhausen.de . Retrieved March 16, 2016.
13. ^ Alemannia Judaica
14. ↑ https://results.zensus2011.de/#dynTable:statUnit=PERSON;absRel=PROZENT;ags=082265006054;agsAxis=X;yAxis=RELIGION_KURZ
15. ^ Main statute Mühlhausen, § 15 ; accessed June 2, 2019.
16. ^ State Statistical Office of Baden-Württemberg: Municipal elections 2019, Mühlhausen ; Mühlhausen municipality: municipal council election 2019 (PDF) ; accessed June 2, 2019.
17. ^ Georg Armbruster: Mulhouse in the Kraichgau ; Mühlhausen im Kraichgau 1971, p. 82
18. ^ Herwig John, Gabriele Wüst: Wappenbuch Rhein-Neckar-Kreis . Ubstadt-Weiher 1996, ISBN 3-929366-27-4 , p. 82