1972 Summer Olympics / Swimming

At the XX. At the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich , 29 swimming competitions were held, 15 of them for men and 14 for women. The venue for the swimming competitions was the Munich Olympic swimming pool from August 28 to September 4, 1972 . The undisputed star was Mark Spitz , who won seven gold medals.

Competitions and schedule

Olympic swimming pool - the venue for swimming competitions

Competition pool in the Olympic swimming pool

Competitions and schedule swimming
Day	Morning program 10:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m. CEST	Evening program 5:30 p.m. to 7:30 p.m. CEST
Monday August 28, 1972	Heats 200 m butterfly men heats 200 m medley women heats 100 m back men heats 100 m freestyle women heats 4 × 100 m freestyle relay men	Semi-finals 100 m back men semi-finals 100 m freestyle women final 200 m butterfly men final 200 m medley women final 4 × 100 m freestyle relay men
Tuesday 29th August 1972	Heats 200 m freestyle men heats 200 m chest women heats 100 m chest men	Semi-finals 100m Breast Men Final 100m Freestyle Women Final 100m Back Men Final 200m Breast Women Final 200m Freestyle Men
Wednesday August 30th 1972	Heats 4 × 100 m freestyle relay women heats 400 m medley men heats 100 m butterfly men heats 400 m freestyle women	Semi-finals 100 m butterfly men final 4 × 100 m freestyle relay women final 400 m medley men final 100 m chest men final 400 m freestyle women
Thursday August 31, 1972	Heats 4 × 200 m freestyle relay men heats 100 m butterfly women heats 400 m medley women	Semi-finals 100 m butterfly women final 100 m butterfly men final 400 m medley women final 4 × 200 m freestyle relay men
Friday 1st September 1972	Heats 100 m back women heats 100 m chest women heats 400 m freestyle men heats 200 m freestyle women	Semi-finals 100 m back women semi-finals 100 m chest women final 400 m freestyle men final 100 m butterfly women final 200 m freestyle women
Saturday 2nd September 1972	Heats 100 m freestyle men heats 200 m back men heats 200 m chest men heats 800 m freestyle women	Semi-finals 100 m freestyle men final 200 m back men final 200 m chest men final 100 m back women final 100 m chest women
Sunday 3rd September 1972	Heats 200 m medley men heats 4 × 100 m medley relay women heats 1500 m freestyle men	Final 200 m medley men final 800 m freestyle women final 100 m freestyle men final 4 × 100 m medley relay women
Monday 4th September 1972	Heats 200 m butterfly women heats 200 m back women heats 4 × 100 m medley relay men	Final 200 m butterfly women final 1500 m freestyle men final 200 m back women final 4 × 100 m individual medley men

Men

100 m freestyle

space	athlete	country	Time (s)
1	Mark Spitz	United States	51.22
2	Jerry Heidenreich	United States	51.65
3	Vladimir Bure	URS	51.77
4th	John Murphy	United States	52.08
5	Michael Wenden	OUT	52.41
6th	Igor Grivennikov	URS	52.44
7th	Michel Rousseau	FRA	52.90
8th	Klaus Steinbach	FRG	52.92

Final on September 3rd

200 m freestyle

space	athlete	country	Time (min)
1	Mark Spitz	United States	1: 52.78
2	Steven Genter	United States	1: 53.73
3	Werner lamp	FRG	1: 53.99
4th	Michael Wenden	OUT	1: 54.40
5	Frederick Tyler	United States	1: 54.96
6th	Klaus Steinbach	FRG	1: 56.65
7th	Vladimir Bure	URS	1: 57.24
8th	Ralph Hutton	CAN	1: 57.56

Final on August 29th

400 m freestyle

space	athlete	country	Time (min)
1	Brad Cooper	OUT	4: 00.27
2	Steven Genter	United States	4: 01.94
3	Tom McBreen	United States	4: 02.64
4th	Graham Windeatt	OUT	4: 02.93
5	Brian Brinkley	GBR	4: 06.69
6th	Bengt Gingsjö	SWE	4: 06.75
7th	Werner lamp	FRG	4: 06.97
	Rick DeMont	United States	DQ

Final on September 1st

Rick DeMont initially took first place in 4: 00.26 minutes. However, he was subsequently disqualified for doping and his medal was revoked after it was proven that he was taking an asthma drug .

1500 m freestyle

space	athlete	country	Time (min)
1	Mike Burton	United States	15: 52.58
2	Graham Windeatt	OUT	15: 58.48
3	Douglas Northway	United States	16: 09.25
4th	Bengt Gingsjö	SWE	16: 16.01
5	Graham White	OUT	16: 17.22
6th	Mark Treffors	NZL	16: 18.84
7th	Brad Cooper	OUT	16: 30.49
8th	Guillermo Garcia	MEX	16: 36.03

Final on September 4th

100 m back

space	athlete	country	Time (s)
1	Roland Matthes	GDR	56.58
2	Michael Stamm	United States	57.70
3	John Murphy	United States	58.35
4th	Mitchell Ivey	United States	58.48
5	Igor Grivennikov	URS	59.50
6th	Lutz Wanja	GDR	59.80
7th	Jürgen Kruger	GDR	59.93
8th	Tadashi Honda	JPN	1: 00.41

Final on August 29th

200 m back

space	athlete	country	Time (min)
1	Roland Matthes	GDR	2: 02.82
2	Michael Stamm	United States	2: 04.09
3	Mitchell Ivey	United States	2: 04.33
4th	Brad Cooper	OUT	2: 06.59
5	Tim McKee	United States	2: 07.29
6th	Lothar Noack	GDR	2: 08.67
7th	Zoltán Verrasztó	HUN	2: 10.09
8th	Jean – Paul Berjeau	FRA	2: 11.77

Final on September 2nd

100 m chest

space	athlete	country	Time (min)
1	Nobutaka Taguchi	JPN	1: 04.94
2	Tom Bruce	United States	1: 05.43
3	John Hencken	United States	1: 05.61
4th	Mark Chatfield	United States	1: 06.01
5	Walter Kusch	FRG	1: 06.23
6th	José Sylvio Fiolo	BRA	1: 06.24
7th	Nikolai Pankin	URS	1: 06.36
8th	David Wilkie	GBR	1: 06.52

Final on August 30th
In the first semifinal run Hencken set a new world record with 1: 05.68, which Taguchi immediately improved to 1: 05.13 in the second semifinal.
Also in the semifinals, Kusch swam a new European record with 1: 05.78.

200 m chest

space	athlete	country	Time (min)
1	John Hencken	United States	2: 21.55
2	David Wilkie	GBR	2: 23.67
3	Nobutaka Taguchi	JPN	2: 23.88
4th	Rick Colella	United States	2: 24.28
5	Felipe Muñoz	MEX	2: 26.44
6th	Walter Kusch	FRG	2: 26.55
7th	Igor Cherdakov	URS	2: 27.15
8th	Klaus Katzur	GDR	2: 27.44

Final on September 2nd

100 m butterfly

space	athlete	country	Time (s)
1	Mark Spitz	United States	54.27
2	Bruce Robertson	CAN	55.56
3	Jerry Heidenreich	United States	55.74
4th	Roland Matthes	GDR	55.87
5	David Edgar	United States	56.11
6th	Byron MacDonald	CAN	57.27
7th	Hartmut Flöckner	GDR	57.40
8th	Neil Rogers	OUT	57.90

Final on August 31st

200 m butterfly

space	athlete	country	Time (min)
1	Mark Spitz	United States	2: 00.70
2	Gary Hall	United States	2: 02.86
3	Robin Backhaus	United States	2: 03.23
4th	Jorge Delgado	ECU	2: 04.60
5	Hans Fassnacht	FRG	2: 04.69
6th	András Hargitay	HUN	2: 04.69
7th	Hartmut Flöckner	GDR	2: 05.34
8th	Folkert Meeuw	FRG	2: 05.57

Final on August 28th

200 m layers

space	athlete	country	Time (min)
1	Gunnar Larsson	SWE	2: 07.17
2	Tim McKee	United States	2: 08.37
3	Steven Furniss	United States	2: 08.45
4th	Gary Hall Sr.	United States	2: 08.49
5	András Hargitay	HUN	2: 09.66
6th	Mihail Suharev	URS	2: 11.78
7th	Juan Bello	BY	2: 11.87
8th	Hans Ljungberg	SWE	2: 13.56

Final on September 3rd

400 m layers

space	athlete	country	Time (min)
1	Gunnar Larsson	SWE	4: 31.981
2	Tim McKee	United States	4: 31.983
3	András Hargitay	HUN	4: 32.70
4th	Steven Furniss	United States	4: 35.44
5	Gary Hall Sr.	United States	4: 37.38
6th	Bengt Gingsjö	SWE	4: 37.96
7th	Graham Windeatt	OUT	4: 40.39
8th	Wolfram Sperling	GDR	4: 40.66

Final on August 30th
Larsson and McKee both achieved a time of 4: 31.98 min. But the time was then determined even more precisely and it turned out that Larsson was two thousandths of a second faster. The world swimming federation later decided to only differentiate down to a hundredth of a second.
Larsson set a new European record with 4: 34.99 in the run-up.

4 × 100 m freestyle

space	Country (athletes)	Time (min)
1	USA David Edgar John Murphy Jerry Heidenreich Mark Spitz Forerunner: Dave Fairbank , Gary Conelly	3: 26.42 52.69 52.04 50.78 50.90
2	URS Wladimir Bure Viktor Mazanow Viktor Aboimow Igor Griwennikow Prelude : Georgi Kulikow	3: 29.72 52.26 53.13 52.75 51.57
3	GDR Roland Matthes Wilfried Hartung Peter Bruch Lutz Unger Prelude: Udo Poser	3: 32.42 52.89 53.31 53.20 53.01
4th	BRA Ruy Aquino Oliveira Paulo Zanetti Paulo Becskehazy José Diniz- Aranha	3: 33.14 53.62 53.61 53.73 52.17
5	CAN Bruce Robertson Brian Phillips Tim Bach Robert Kasting	3: 33.20 53.52 52.56 54.41 52.70
6th	FRG Klaus Steinbach Werner Lampe Rainer Jacob Hans Fassnacht Forerunner: Gerhard Schiller , Hans-Günther Vosseler , Kersten Meier	3: 33.90 53.45 52.81 53.81 53.82
7th	FRA Gilles Vigne Alain Mosconi Alain Hermitte Michel Rousseau	3: 34.13 54.47 54.57 53.41 51.66
8th	ESP Jorge Comas Antonio Culebras Enrique Melo José Pujol	3: 38.21 54.32 55.02 54.77 54.09

Final on August 28th
The season of the USA (Fairbank, Conelly, Heidenreich and Edgar) set a new world record with 3: 28.84.
As the starting swimmer of the Soviet freestyle relay, Vladimir Bure set a new European record for the 100 m freestyle with 52.26.

4 × 200 m freestyle

space	Country (athletes)	Time (min)
1	USA John Kinsella Frederick Tyler Steven Genter Mark Spitz Forward: Gary Conelly , Tom McBreen , Mike Burton	7: 35.78 1: 54.49 1: 54.32 1: 52.72 1: 54.24
2	FRG Klaus Steinbach Werner Lampe Hans-Günther Vosseler Hans Fassnacht Forerunner: Gerhard Schiller , Folkert Meeuw	7: 41.69 1: 54.62 1: 53.49 1: 57.45 1: 56.11
3	URS Igor Griwennikow Viktor Mazanow Georgi Kulikow Vladimir Bure Vorlauf: Viktor Aboimow , Alexander Samsonow	7: 45.76 1: 56.24 1: 57.28 1: 56.92 1: 55.30
4th	SWE Bengt Gingsjö Hans Ljungberg Anders Bellbring Gunnar Larsson	7: 47.37 1: 56.88 1: 59.18 1: 57.45 1: 53.84
5	AUS Michael Wenden Graham Windeatt Robert Nay Brad Cooper Forward : Bruce Featherston , Graham White	7: 48.66 1: 56.41 1: 57.03 1: 57.68 1: 57.54
6th	GDR Wilfried Hartung Peter Bruch Udo Poser Lutz Unger Vorlauf: Roger Pyttel	7: 49.11 1: 56.76 1: 58.88 1: 56.84 1: 56.61
7th	CAN Bruce Robertson Brian Phillips lan MacKenzie Ralph Hutton Forerunner : Dean Buckboro	7: 53.61 1: 57.55 2: 00.46 1: 57.42 1: 58.17
8th	GBR Brian Brinkley John Mills Michael Bailey Colin Cunningham	7: 55.59 1: 56.75 1: 58.91 1: 59.61 2: 00.30

Final on August 31st

4 × 100 m layers

space	Country (athletes)	Time (min)
1	USA Michael Stamm Tom Bruce Mark Spitz Jerry Heidenreich Forerunner: Ivey , Hencken , Hall senior , Fairbank	3: 48.16 57.97 1: 04.22 54.28 51.67
2	GDR Roland Matthes Klaus Katzur Hartmut Flöckner Lutz Unger	3: 52.12 56.30 1: 06.02 56.36 53.43
3	CAN Erik Fish William Mahony Bruce Robertson Robert Kasting Forerunner : William Kennedy	3: 52.26 59.61 1: 05.89 54.48 52.28
4th	URS Igor Griwennikow Nikolai Pankin Viktor Scharygin Vladimir Bure Prelude : Viktor Stulikow , Viktor Aboimow	3: 53.26 59.22 1: 05.20 57.44 51.38
5	BRA Romulo Arantes José Sylvio Fiolo Sergio Waismann José Diniz- Aranha	3: 57.89 1: 01.87 1: 05.92 57.99 52.09
6th	JPN Tadashi Honda Nobutaka Taguchi Yasuhiro Komazaki Jiro Sasaki	3: 58.23 59.83 1: 04.33 58.10 55.96
7th	GBR Colin Cunningham David Wilkie John Mills Malcolm Windeatt	3: 58.82 1: 01.02 1: 06.27 57.53 53.98
8th	HUN László Cseh Sr. Sándor Szábo István Szentirmay Attila Császári Prelude : András Hargitay	3: 59.07 1: 00.54 1: 06.99 58.02 53.50

Final on September 4th
Roland Matthes set a new world record over 100 m back as the starting swimmer of the GDR individual relay relay with 56.30.

Women

100 m freestyle

space	Athlete	country	Time (s)
1	Sandy Neilson	United States	58.59
2	Shirley Babashoff	United States	59.02
3	Shane Gould	OUT	59.06
4th	Gabriele Wetzko	GDR	59.21
5	Heidemarie Reineck	FRG	59.73
6th	Andrea Eife	GDR	59.91
7th	Magdolna Patóh	HUN	1: 00.02
8th	Enith Brigitha	NED	1: 00.09

Final on August 29th

200 m freestyle

space	Athlete	country	Time (min)
1	Shane Gould	OUT	2: 03.56
2	Shirley Babashoff	United States	2: 04.33
3	Keena Rothhammer	United States	2: 04.92
4th	Ann Marshall	United States	2: 05.45
5	Andrea Eife	GDR	2: 06.27
6th	Hansje Bunschoten	NED	2: 08.40
7th	Anke Rijnders	NED	2: 09.41
8th	Karin Tülling	GDR	2: 11.70

Final on September 1st
Eife already set a new European record with 2: 07.05.

400 m freestyle

space	Athlete	country	Time (min)
1	Shane Gould	OUT	4: 19.04
2	Novella Calligaris	ITA	4: 22.44
3	Gudrun Wegner	GDR	4: 23.11
4th	Shirley Babashoff	United States	4: 23.59
5	Jenny Wylie	United States	4: 24.07
6th	Keena Rothhammer	United States	4: 24.22
7th	Hansje Bunschoten	NED	4: 29.70
8th	Anke Rijnders	NED	4: 31.51

Final on August 30th
Calligaris already set a new European record with 4: 24.14.

800 m freestyle

space	Athlete	country	Time (min)
1	Keena Rothhammer	United States	8: 53.68
2	Shane Gould	OUT	8: 56.39
3	Novella Calligaris	ITA	8: 57.46
4th	Ann Simmons	United States	8: 57.62
5	Gudrun Wegner	GDR	8: 58.89
6th	Jo Harshbarger	United States	9: 01.21
7th	Hansje Bunschoten	NED	9: 16.69
8th	Narelle Moras	OUT	9: 19.06

Final on September 3rd
Calligaris already set a new European record with 9: 02.96.

100 m back

space	Athlete	country	Time (min)
1	Melissa Belote	United States	1: 05.78
2	Andrea Gyarmati	HUN	1: 06.26
3	Susan Atwood	United States	1: 06.34
4th	Karen Moe	United States	1: 06.69
5	Wendy Cook	CAN	1: 06.70
6th	Enith Brigitha	NED	1: 06.82
7th	Christine Herbst	GDR	1: 07.27
8th	Silke Pielen	FRG	1: 07.36

Final on September 2nd
Gyarmati already set a new European record with 1: 06.39.

200 m back

space	Athlete	country	Time (min)
1	Melissa Belote	United States	2: 19.19
2	Susan Atwood	United States	2: 20.38
3	Donna-Marie Gurr	CAN	2: 23.22
4th	Annegret Kober	FRG	2: 23.35
5	Christine Herbst	GDR	2: 23.44
6th	Enith Brigitha	NED	2: 23.70
7th	Deborah Palmer	OUT	2: 24.65
8th	Leslie Cliff	CAN	2: 25.80

Final on September 4th
Belote set a new world record with 2: 20.58 and Brigitha swam a new European record with 2: 23.70.

100 m chest

space	Athlete	country	Time (min)
1	Catherine Carr	United States	1: 13.58
2	Galina Stepanova	URS	1: 14.99
3	Beverley Whitfield	OUT	1: 15.73
4th	Agnes Kissné Kaczander	HUN	1: 16.26
5	Judy Melick	United States	1: 16.34
6th	Verena Eberle	FRG	1: 17.16
7th	Britt-Marie Smedh	SWE	1: 17.19
8th	Dorothy Harrison	GBR	1: 17.49

Final on September 2nd

200 m chest

space	Athlete	country	Time (min)
1	Beverley Whitfield	OUT	2: 41.71
2	Dana Schoenfield	United States	2: 42.05
3	Galina Stepanova	URS	2: 42.36
4th	Claudia Clevenger	United States	2: 42.88
5	Petra Nows	FRG	2: 43.38
6th	Agnes Kissné Kaczander	HUN	2: 43.41
7th	Ludmila Porubaiko	URS	2: 44.48
8th	Éva Kiss	HUN	2: 45.12

Final on August 29th

100 m butterfly

space	Athlete	country	Time (min)
1	Mayumi Aoki	JPN	1: 03.34
2	Roswitha Beier	GDR	1: 03.61
3	Andrea Gyarmati	HUN	1: 03.73
4th	Deena Deardurff	United States	1: 03.95
5	Dana Shrader	United States	1: 03.98
6th	Ellie Daniel	United States	1: 04.08
7th	Gudrun Beckmann	FRG	1: 04.15
8th	Noriko Asano	JPN	1: 04.25

Final on September 1st
Gyarmati set a new European record with 1: 04.01 and in the semifinals she even swam a new world record with 1: 03.80.

200 m butterfly

space	Athlete	country	Time (min)
1	Karen Moe	United States	2: 15.57
2	Lynn Colella	United States	2: 16.34
3	Ellie Daniel	United States	2: 16.74
4th	Rosemarie Kother	GDR	2: 17.11
5	Noriko Asano	JPN	2: 19.50
6th	Helga Lindner	GDR	2: 20.47
7th	Gail Neall	OUT	2: 21.88
8th	Mayumi Aoki	JPN	2: 22.84

Final on September 4th
Kother already set a new European record with 2: 18.32.

200 m layers

space	Athlete	country	Time (min)
1	Shane Gould	OUT	2: 23.07
2	Kornelia Ender	GDR	2: 23.59
3	Lynn Vidali	United States	2: 24.06
4th	Jenny Bartz	United States	2: 24.55
5	Leslie Cliff	CAN	2: 24.83
6th	Evelyn Proud	GDR	2: 25.90
7th	Yoshimi Nishigawa	JPN	2: 26.35
8th	Carolyn Woods	United States	2: 27.42

Final on August 28th
In the preliminary stages, first Stolze set a new European record with 2: 25.45 and then Ender with 2: 25.39.

400 m layers

space	Athlete	country	Time (min)
1	Gail Neall	OUT	5: 02.97
2	Leslie Cliff	CAN	5: 03.57
3	Novella Calligaris	ITA	5: 03.99
4th	Jenny Bartz	United States	5: 05.56
5	Evelyn Proud	GDR	5: 6.80
6th	Mary Montgomery	United States	5: 09.98
7th	Lynn Vidali	United States	5: 13.06
8th	Nina Petrova	URS	5: 15.68

Final on August 31st
In the preliminary run, Stolze set a new European record with 5: 06.96.

4 × 100 m freestyle

space	Country (athletes)	Time (min)
1	USA Sandy Neilson Jennifer Kemp Jane Barkman Shirley Babashoff preliminary: Kim Peyton , Lynn Skrifvars , Ann Marshall	3: 55.19 58.98 58.99 59.03 58.18
2	GDR Gabriele Wetzko Andrea Eife Elke Sehmisch Kornelia Ender Vorlauf: Sylvia Eichner	3: 55.55 59.23 58.96 59.08 58.27
3	FRG Jutta Weber Heidemarie Reineck Gudrun Beckmann Angela Steinbach	3: 57.93 59.84 59.02 59.99 59.07
4th	HUN Andrea Gyarmati Judit Korachné Turóczy Edit Kovács Magdolna Patóh	4: 00.39 59.32 1: 00.88 1: 01.12 59.06
5	NED Enith Brigitha Anke Rijnders Hansje Bunschoten Josin Elzerman	4: 01.49 59.46 1: 00.85 59.93 1: 01.24
6th	SWE Anita Zarnowiecki Eva Andersson Diana Olsson Irwi Johansson	4: 02.69 1: 01.16 1: 00.25 1: 00.30 1: 00.97
7th	CAN Wendy Cook Judy Wright Mary Beth Rondeau Leslie Cliff	4: 03.83 1: 00.98 1: 01.06 1: 01.37 1: 00.41
8th	AUS Deborah Palmer Leanne Francis Sharon Booth Shane Gould Prelude: Debra Cain	4: 04.82 1: 02.02 1: 01.09 1: 00.70 1: 01.00

Final on August 30th
In the run-up, the East German squadron (Eife, Eichner, Sehmisch and Ender) set the world record with 3: 58.11.

4 × 100 m layers

space	Country (athletes)	Time (min)
1	USA Melissa Belote Catherine Carr Deena Deardurff Sandy Neilson Forerun : Atwood , Melick , Shrader , Babashoff	4: 20.75 1: 06.24 1: 13.99 1: 02.61 57.90
2	GDR Christine Herbst Renate Vogel Roswitha Beier Kornelia Ender Vorlauf: Gabriele Wetzko	4: 24.91 1: 06.89 1: 16.58 1: 03.34 58.09
3	FRG Silke Pielen Verena Eberle Gudrun Beckmann Heidemarie Reineck Pre-run: Annegret Kober , Edeltraud Koch , Jutta Weber	4: 26.46 1: 08.27 1: 15.47 1: 03.64 59.05
4th	URS Tinatin Lekweischwili Galina Stepanowa Irina Ustimenko Tatiana Zolotnitskaya	4: 27.81 1: 07.09 1: 14.46 1: 06.19 1: 00.05
5	NED Enith Brigitha Alie te Riet Anke Rijnders Hansje Bunschoten Prelude : Frieke Buys	4: 29.99 1: 06.35 1: 18.17 1: 05.77 59.68
6th	JPN Suzuko Matsumura Yoko Yamamoto Mayumi Aoki Yoshimi Nishigawa	4: 30.18 1: 08.60 1: 18.72 1: 02.47 1: 00.39
7th	CAN Wendy Cook Sylvia Dockerill Marilyn Corson Leslie Cliff	4: 31.56 1: 07.06 1: 18.41 1: 05.02 1: 01.07
8th	SWE Diana Olsson Britt-Marie Smedh Eva Wikner Anita Zarnowiecki	4: 32.61 1: 09.50 1: 16.89 1: 06.35 59.85

Final on September 3
The GDR season (Herbst, Vogel, Beier and Wetzko) set a new European record with 4: 27.58.

Medal table

Medal table
space	country
1	United States	17th	14th	12	43
2	Australia	6th	2	2	10
3	GDR	2	5	2	9
4th	Japan	2	-	1	3
5	Sweden	2	-	-	2
6th	Soviet Union	-	2	3	5
7th	Canada	-	2	2	4th
8th	BR Germany	-	1	3	4th
9	Hungary	-	1	2	3
	Italy	-	1	2	3
11	United Kingdom	-	1	-	1
Total		29	29	29	87

See also

• List of swimming world records
• List of European swimming records

literature

• Kicker sports magazine , year 1972, issue no. 69–73

Web links

• Olympic Summer Games 1972 / swimming in the database of Sports-Reference (English; archived from the original )

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Schedule and results of the swimming competitions, pages 324–352 (PDF; 29.4 MB)
2. ↑ Volker Kluge : Summer Olympic Games - Chronicle III: Mexico City 1968 - Los Angeles 1984 . Sportverlag, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-328-00741-5 , p. 415 .