Oudenaarde

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Oudenaarde
Oudenaarde wapen.svg Flag of Oudenaarde.svg
Oudenaarde (East Flanders Province)
Oudenaarde
Oudenaarde
State : BelgiumBelgium Belgium
Region : Flanders
Province : East Flanders
District : Oudenaarde
Coordinates : 50 ° 51 ′  N , 3 ° 36 ′  E Coordinates: 50 ° 51 ′  N , 3 ° 36 ′  E
Area : 68.06 km²
Residents: 31,393 (Jan 1, 2019)
Population density: 461 inhabitants per km²
Post Code: 9700
Prefix: 055
Mayor: Marnic De Meulemeester ( Open VLD )

Local government address : 		Administratief Centrum
Tussenmuren 17
9700 Oudenaarde
Website: www.oudenaarde.be
lb le ls lh

Oudenaarde ( French name: Audenarde , German rarely also Oudenarde ) is a town in the Belgian province of East Flanders , south of Ghent , on the river Scheldt . The city has 31,393 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2019). Oudenaarde is sometimes called the “jewel of the Flemish Ardennes ”. Oudenaarde has a magnificent town hall in the Brabant late Gothic style, which was built by the Brussels architect Hendrik van Pede between 1527 and 1530, and which is famous for its verdure .

history

Oudenaarde Town Hall

In 1030, the Count of Flanders, Baldwin IV , proclaimed divine peace here and had a castle built. In 1189 Oudenaarde received city ​​rights . The city's fortifications were removed in 1214 after the Battle of Bouvines . In the Middle Ages, Oudenaarde was an important base for the Counts of Flanders, for example for Ludwig von Male in his fight against the Flemish citizens under Ghent's leadership . It was taken by the Ghent people in 1383.

Oudenaarde also became known thanks to Emperor Charles V , who fathered a child here in 1521 with Johanna van der Gheynst, who is said to be the seductive weaver's daughter , who later became Margarethe of Parma , who became duchess of the Spanish Netherlands in 1559 and was half-sister of Philip II . In 1582, Alexander Farnese conquered the city.

In 1658 Oudenaarde was taken by the French, but ceded to the Spaniards again in the Peace of the Pyrenees . Louis XIV conquered Oudenaarde in 1667 and improved the fortifications in the manner of Vauban . With the Peace of Aachen (1668) the city was formally ceded to France, besieged in vain by the Spaniards in 1674, but given back to them again in 1678 with the Peace of Nijmegen . The French bombed Oudenaarde in 1684 and thereby laid half the city in ashes.

On July 11, 1708, the French army under the Duke of Vendôme and the Duke of Burgundy suffered a devastating defeat against Prince Eugene and Marlborough in the Battle of Oudenaarde during the War of the Spanish Succession . After the Peace of Utrecht (1713), Oudenaarde came to the House of Austria . The fountain in front of the town hall of Oudenaarde is a holdover from the period of French rule; it was erected - for the watering of the soldiers' horses - on behalf of the Sun King . This well is still in operation.

In the War of the Austrian Succession , Oudenaarde was completely enclosed on July 16, 1745 by the French under Count Ulrich von Löwendal through 22 battalions and three squadrons detached from the main army. On July 17th the necessary artillery arrived, and in the night of July 18th to 19th the trenches were opened and seven batteries (30 guns) were erected. Notwithstanding violent resistance, the besiegers succeeded in the next two nights to bring about the second parallel and to attack the detached works of the fortress. On the evening of July 22nd, the commander, General von Makuo, surrendered. The victors found 24 pieces of artillery and important supplies in the fortress; the garrison consisting of 1070 men was taken prisoner of war.

During the Austrian occupation in the late 18th century, Oudenaarde was fired at with cannons from the Edelareberg . According to popular belief, the Edelarefort , which houses many underground passages, branches off to below the market square, and also forks sideways to the city park; this is not the case, however, and the corridors which were used as shelter and refuge during the war are now used as breeding grounds for bats.

On June 24, 1794, the avant-garde of the French Maas-Scheldt Army under Pichegru threw the outposts of the Duke of York's army in front of Oudenaarde back into the city after a fierce battle, had cannon fire opened on them and the commanding officer was ordered to vacate the square (only attached against the first rush) to pass. The request was unsuccessful; the duke reinforced the troops in the city, let the avant-garde advance to Neukirchen and occupy the banks of the Scheldt . Due to this measure, gun battles continued until June 30th, supported by the commander through Soutiens. On June 30th the French withdrew; the avant-garde followed them for four hours. With the capture of Ghent soon after, however, Oudenaarde fell into the hands of the French.

Culture and sights

The townscape of Oudenaarde is characterized by the 90 m high tower of the Walburga Church, built in the early 17th century.

In Kerselare there is a place of pilgrimage where an annual fair takes place where the local sweets 'Lekkies' and Merlan are sold.

As Oudenaarde lies on the Scheldt , the city has four bridges, including a drawbridge near the center, a bicycle and pedestrian bridge and the Ohio bridge in Nederename , which was built by the state of Ohio to replace the original bridge that was devastated in World War II . There are two statues of bison on either side of the bridge . Other war memorials are a memorial column for Canadian infantry soldiers who crossed the Scheldt during World War I , and the Tacambaro monument on the square of the same name, erected in memory of several Oudenaarders who perished in the Mexican War of Liberation, and that from a lying one in Mexico looking woman consists.

Recently a Napoleonic fountain was restored after around thirty years of restoration. It is on Gentiel-Antheunis -Platz, near the cultural center and the theater.

The painter Adriaen Brouwer was born in Oudenaarde, and the annual Oudenaard beer festival is called the “Adriaan Brouwer Beer Festival”. Other important artists from Oudenaarde were the poet Jotie 't Hooft and the composer Robert Herberigs . The Protestant poet Abraham Hans , to whom a museum in Horebeke is dedicated, gave his name to a local school.

Werktuigendagen site, in the background the tower of the St. Walburgakirche

Since the end of the 20th century, the Oudenaard sub-community of Heurne has held its workday days every two years . In 2009 the agricultural technology trade fair was visited by over 80,000 people. There is also a large garden festival every ten years, with the market, which is one of the largest in Flanders, completely covered with flowers.

Oudenaarde is also known for its dark beer and for the Tour of Flanders . The city has a cycling museum.

Isidoor Teirlinck, the father of the writer Herman Teirlinck , described the dialect of the Oudenaard area in a South-West Flemish dialect dictionary.

photos

  • Church, de Sint Walburgakerk

  • old trainstation

  • View of the street: the Wijngaardstraat-Nederstraat

  • Street view: het Tacombaroplein

  • River: de Schelde (next to Oudenaarde)

  • Church: de Sint Martinuskerk (in Welden)

  • Church: de Sint Vedastuskerk (in Nederename)

Infrastructure

Oudenaarde forms an independent legal and police force; the city has a palace of justice and a prison and its own public prosecutor's office .

Oudenaarde has two train stations and is on the N60, the connection between Ronse and Gent . The tram disappeared from the city in the middle of the twentieth century.

Town twinning

There are several city partnerships. Oudenaarde has been a partner municipality of the German city of Coburg since 1972 . In 1986 the Dutch municipality of Bergen op Zoom and the Italian Castel Madama were added. The French city of Arras followed in 1990, and in 1991 Hastings in Great Britain and Buzau in Romania. For their achievements in the dissemination of European unification and the city of Oudenaarde was awarded the 2004 Europe Prize .

Personalities

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Horst Lademacher : History of the Netherlands. Politics - Constitution - Economy . Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1983, ISBN 3-534-07082-8 , p. 153.
  2. ↑ a b Benicken: Oudenaarde , In: Johann Samuelansch , Johann Gottfried Gruber : (Ed.): Allgemeine Encyclopädie der Wissenschaften und Künste , 3rd section, 8th part (1836), p. 3.
  3. ↑ Working days 2009. Nabeschouwingen. (No longer available online.) Werktuigendagen.be, archived from the original on January 18, 2011 ; Retrieved November 6, 2010 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.werktuigendagen.be

Web links

Commons : Oudenaarde  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Aldenard in the Topographia Circuli Burgundici (Mathäus Merian)  - sources and full texts