70 e régiment d'infantry

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Régiment de Médoc
70 e regiment d'infanterie

Insigne du 70e Regiment d'Infanterie.jpg
Insigne régimentaire du 70e RIF.jpg

Internal association badge
active 1673 to 1940
Country Armoiries république française.svg France
Armed forces Flag of France.svg French armed forces
Armed forces Flag of France.svg Armée française de terre
Branch of service infantry
Type Mechanized infantry regiment
Location Nimes
Patron saint Saint-Maurice d'Agaune
motto Je m'accroche
commander
Important
commanders

Joseph, marquis de Mesmes

The 70 e régiment d'infanterie de forteresse ( 70 e RIF ) was an association of French infantry . The regiment took part in all wars with French participation from its formation up to World War II . It no longer exists today.

Before regiments were numbered on January 1, 1791, it was last named Régiment de Médoc in the royal French army .

Lineup and significant changes

  • November 28, 1673 (or 1674): compilation of the Régiment de Navailles (there are contradicting data, other sources speak of February 19, 1674 as the date of compilation and assign the year 1673 to the "Régiment de Mesmes")
  • January 1679: Renamed the Régiment d'Hamilton
  • 1685: Renamed to: Régiment de Jarzé
  • May 22, 1691: renamed the Régiment de Médoc (after the province)
  • 1749: Incorporation of the Régiment de Dauphiné
  • January 1, 1791: renamed 70 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne
  • October 22, 1793: In the course of the Premier amalgame , the 1st Battalion was called in to set up the "129 e demi-brigade de bataille".
  • July 5, 1795: The 2nd battalion was called in to set up the "130 e demi-brigade de bataille".

This ended the regimental history until it was continued in 1803 with the creation of a new "70 e régiment d'infanterie".

  • 1803: re-established as "70 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne"
  • 1870: dissolved
  • ?: Reinstallation
  • ?: Resolution
  • 1939: Activated as "70 e régiment d'infanterie de forteresse" (Fortified Infantry Regiment)
  • 1940: Disbanded in the wake of the French defeat.

Mestres de camp / Colonels

Mestre de camp was from 1569 to 1661 and from 1730 to 1780 the denomination of rank for the regiment holder and / or for the officer in charge of the regiment. The name "Colonel" was used from 1721 to 1730, from 1791 to 1793 and from 1803 onwards.

After 1791 there were no more regimental owners.

Should the Mestre de camp / Colonel be a person of the high nobility who had no interest in leading the regiment (such as the king or queen), the command was given to the "Mestre de camp lieutenant" (or “Mestre de camp en second”) or the “Colonel-lieutenant” or “Colonel en second”.

  • 1673: Joseph, marquis de Mesmes
  • February 19, 1674: Philippe de Montaut-Besnac, marquis de Navailles
  • January 1679: Antoine chevalier d'Hamilton
  • 1685: Marie Urbain René du Plessis, marquis de Jarzé
  • May 23, 1691: Isaac Charles de La Rochefoucaud, comte de Montendre
  • March 1, 1702: Jérôme, comte de Chamillard
  • January 11, 1705: Nicolas Gabriel de Gilbert de Voisins, marquis de Villennes
  • January 25, 1720: Charles Emmanuel de Crussol, duc d'Uzès
  • March 10, 1739: Hyacinthe Gaëtan, comte de Lannion
  • December 1, 1745: Marie Jacques, marquis de Bréhant
  • August 25, 1749: Joseph de Ravignan, marquis de Mesmes
  • December 1, 1762: Charles de Biotères, marquis de Chassincourt de Tilly
  • May 17, 1773: Denis Jean, marquis de Mauroy
  • April 13, 1780: Albert Paul de Mesmes, comte d'Avaux
  • April 27, 1788: Innocent Adrien Maurice, marquis de Roquefeuil
  • July 25, 1791: Hugues Alexandre Joseph Meunier
  • August 7, 1792: Jean Mathieu Philibert Sérurier

(...)

  • 1870: Colonel Bertier
  • 1870: Lieutenant-Colonel Delpech
  • 1880–1886: Colonel Jean François Jules Herbé
  • (...)
  • 1897: Colonel Émile Bourdeau
  • (...)
  • 1914: Colonel Laroque

Uniforms and flags during the ancien régime

The regiment carried three flags, one of which was the white flag of the Colonel (regiment owner). The two ordinance flags carried two red and red-brown rectangles arranged diagonally, separated by a white cross. On the white body flag (drapeau colonel) the outlines of the cross bars were embroidered in gray.

  • de Mesmes 1673 to 11674

  • de Médoc 1691 to 1791

  • 1720 to 1734

  • 1734 to 1757

  • 1762 to 1776

  • 1776 to 1779

  • 1779 to 1791

  • 70 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne 1791 to 1792

  • 70 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne from 1792

Battle calendar

Wars in which the regiment participated

Dutch War
Reunion War
War of the Palatinate Succession
War of the Spanish Succession
Quadruple Alliance War
War of the Polish Succession
War of the Austrian Succession
Seven Years War
Coalition wars
Franco-German War
First World War
Second World War

Dutch War - 1672 to 1678

The regiment, which entered service on February 19, 1673 (or 1674), initially bore the names of its owners one after the other.

Under the Marquis de Navailles, it carried out its first actions in Roussillon . In the same year it fought a hard fight against the so-called Miquelets (Catalan partisans), while it was able to distinguish itself in a battle on July 17, 1677. The unit lost the Capitaine Langlade and 108 men, five other officers were wounded. 1678 followed the participation in the siege of Puigcerdà . In the attack on May 3, the Capitaines Dubois de la Roche, Dumas and Durprat as well as the lieutenants Sorbet, Pondieu and La Ronce were killed.

Puigcerdà surrendered on June 3rd, and the regiment was able to take the fortified castle of Baga, four lieues away, within an hour. Winter quarters were taken in Perpignan, where the regimental commander was replaced by the Chevalier d'Hamilton, whose Irish regiment had just been dismissed.

War of Devolution - 1683 to 1684

In 1684 the regiment was used in the siege of Luxembourg , in which the grenadiers were able to distinguish themselves.

War of the Palatinate Succession - 1688 to 1697

In 1688 the regiment stood under the name "de Jarzé" during the siege of Philippsburg . On October 6th it was able to take a ski jump on the Rhine together with the Régiment de Picardie . The Colonel and five other officers were wounded.

After the campaign, the regiment was transferred to Mainz, where it was one of the defenders during the siege of 1689 . It lost several officers, Major Raynaud and Lieutenants Constant, Le Bret and Blanchet.

1690:

After the siege was over, "Jarzé" initially continued the campaign in Germany. In June it belonged to the de Sainte-Ruth corps, which had been set up in Savoy . Chambéry , Annecy and Rumilly (Haute-Savoie) were captured. In September, the regiment joined the army of Nicolas de Catinat and was able to distinguish itself in the capture of Suze-la-Rousse . Winter quarters were moved into Pignerol.

1691:

Siege of Carmagnola. On May 22nd, the regiment was given the name "Médoc" (after the province). In the same year he took part in the siege of Montmélian .

1693:

Used in the Battle of Marsaglia .

1694:

Monitoring tasks on the coast of Provence. On October 10, “Médoc” was loaded onto Anne Hilarion de Costentin's ships from Tourville and transported to Palamós in Catalonia . It remained stationed there until 1797.

1797:

The regiment was withdrawn from Palamós for the siege of Barcelona. It was able to repel a failure of 2,000 men of the crew who had tried to destroy the siege guns that had just been positioned. 700 of the attackers were killed. The conquest of the covered route cost the regiment 80 soldiers, plus two lieutenants. The Lieutenant-Colonel de Trinqueléon was wounded. On July 23, "Médoc" was involved in the general attack. It was able to take the bastion of Saint-Pierre and hold its own there despite violent counter-attacks.

War of the Spanish Succession - 1701-1714

On February 1, the regiment was reinforced to two battalions.

1st battalion: The 1st battalion was transferred with the army of Maréchal Catinat to Italy, where it distinguished itself in the battle at Carpi . On September 1st it fought in the brigade formation together with the Régiment d'Auvergne near Chiari . Cremona was taken and winter quarters were taken there.

1702 to 1703:

Taking luzarra. Campaign to Tyrol . In November 1703 winter quarters were moved into Castelnuovo. On the 20th of the month the attack by an imperial unit on this camp was repulsed, which cost the attackers 150 dead.

1704 to 1705:

Participation in the sieges of Vercelli , Ivrea and Verrue. In 1705 the regiment distinguished itself at the siege of Cassano Magnago , in which the Capitaines Saint-Martin and Danneau were among the fallen. Winter quarters were taken in Mantua .

1706:

Together with the Régiment d'Auvergne , the "Médoc" battalion fought in the battle near Calcinato . This was followed by participation in the siege of Turin under the command of the Comte de Médavy . After the siege was broken off, the battalion moved to Cremona, where it was soon one of the besieged itself. The Lieutenant-Colonel de Brazilly, who had been trapped in Pizzighettone with four companies , had to surrender honorably after a three-week siege.

1707 to 1709:

Back in France, the battalion was used in the defense of Toulon. It took part in the campaigns in the Dauphiné in 1707 and 1708, and in 1709 was assigned to the army on the Rhine. It distinguished itself on August 26th in the battle near Rumersheim and then took up quarters in Schlettstadt .

2nd Battalion: The 2nd Battalion was set up in Cambrai . In December 1703 it was sent to Spain, where it arrived in February 1704. It was directed to the Portuguese border, where it distinguished itself on May 26th in an attack on the camp of the Dutch General Fagel. It was still involved in the capture of fortified places on this border and was incorporated into the Régiment de La Couronne on January 27, 1705 . However, this incorporation had serious disadvantages for the officers and led to massive protests, which is why it only lasted for this campaign.

1706:

Used in the siege of Barcelona, ​​the Capitaine Grandnom and the Lieutenant Lair fell.

1707:

Battle of Alamanza and siege of Mequinenza. After the capture of Lleida , quarters were taken there.

1708:

Participation in the Siege of Tortosa. Together with the grenadiers of the Regiment du Maine , a covered path could be taken. At the end of the year the battalion was in the Dauphiné and was then united with the 1st battalion in Schlettstadt.

In the following campaigns, the regiment acted as border guard on the Lauter , near Wissembourg and the surrounding area.

1713:

Commanded for the siege of Landau, the regiment, together with a company of the Régiment de Navarre, was able to repel a failure of the crew on July 17 . The Capitaine de Piosin was killed and four others wounded. Then "Médoc" moved to Freiburg, where it replaced the Régiment de Poitou . Then it moved to Catalonia.

1714:

During the general attack on Barcelona on September 12, "Médoc" fought together with the Régiment de La Marine on the left wing. The grenadiers were able to penetrate the city through a breach in the Levant bastion. This bloody action cost the regiment the Capitaine Zaillac and the lieutenants Verdun and Mortemer. Several officers were wounded, including three captains and the lieutenant-colonel de Claverie, who died shortly afterwards of his injuries. The 2nd Battalion was disbanded after the siege.

Peace time

During the peacetime, the unit was stationed in Languedoc . In 1731 it was in Narbonne .

War of the Polish Succession - 1733-1738

1733:

Seconded to the army in Italy, the regiment took part in battles near Gera d'Adda and Pizzighetone. During the attack on the covered path of this fortification, the grenadier company of Capitaine La Garde was largely incapacitated when a bomb exploded between them. Only 15 men escaped. The campaign ended with the siege and capture of the Castello Sforzesco in Milan .

1734:

Capture of Cremona , Serravalle a Po , Novara and Tortona , battle at Colorno and battle of Parma . Here the regiment lost 29 officers to death or wounding. Major de Villers, Capitaines Dauneau, de Martignac, de Lastours, Naturel, Bailly and Lieutenant Bonnecourt fell - Colonel Duc d'Uzès was critically wounded by two musket balls, and Lieutenant Colonel Trest was also wounded. Battle of Guastalla , then participation in the siege of Mirandola (Emilia-Romagna) . During this operation, Lieutenant Colonel de Trest and the grenadiers and some other troops attacked the entrenchments of Revere, which protected a bridge over the Po . The sleeping guards were surprised; those who did not surrender were killed with a bayonet or drowned in the river. The rest were captured.

1735 to 1739:

In 1735 the unit took part in the capture of Reggiolo and Revere. The period of the truce was spent in Brescia . In August 1736 "Médoc" returned to France and was stationed in Barcelonnette . The following year it was in Montpellier , Lunel , Nîmes and Sète , and in 1739 in Montlouis.

War of the Austrian Succession - from 1742 to 1748

In 1741 the regiment was in the Cevennes , from where it was commanded to the Armée de Bavière (Army in Bavaria) in 1742. Participation in the occupation of Ingolstadt followed . Between May and September it was to be used, together with the Régiment de Normandie , on the marching movements to relieve Prague. After the change in the war plan, the regiment was initially quartered in Altenbach and Stadtamhof , where it also spent the winter. Illnesses had affected him so badly that at the beginning of 1743 only about 100 healthy men were available. It was then moved to Schmidmühlen and brought back to war strength through the incorporation of militias. After the posts in Ensdorf and Edershausen had been filled, the unit marched to Eger to strengthen the garrison there because a siege was imminent. After five months of siege, Eger was starved and had to surrender, the crew was taken prisoner of war. The survivors of "Médoc" were brought to Greiz and Görlitz . On the day of the surrender, the officers were separated from the soldiers and they were brought to Koprivnica . For security reasons, the lieutenant colonel was taken to a prison in Trieste, where he had to stay for nine months. In 1744 the officers were also brought to Görlitz.

By order of January 16, 1745, the 2nd Battalion was reorganized from the NCOs and men of the regiment who had escaped to France under the command of the Capitaine Prunières. However, this was only a small number because the group in Swabia was attacked by hussars and decimated again. The Capitaine Montlezun, who was in command, was hit by two swords in the head and arm and mortally wounded. Gradually, however, the battalion was then completed in Caen, where the 1st battalion, coming from Strasbourg, arrived.

1746:

"Médoc" left Caen in April 1746, initially for Saint-Omer and then moved on to the siege of Brussels . Some piquets were involved in the destruction of the citadel of Antwerp . On August 1, the grenadiers fought at the entrenchments of Cinq-Etoiles. Participation in the Siege of Namur and the Battle of Roucourt . Together with the Régiment de Bretagne "Medoc" fought in the attack on the village of Varoux. Then it went to Toulon in the winter quarters.

Battle of Roucourt
1747:

Pursuit of imperial troops along the Var and participation in all operations during the campaign in the county of Nice .

1748:

Back in France, I first went to Toulon and then moved to Avallon in December .

On March 10, 1749, the remains of the "Régiment du Dauphiné" were incorporated.

Peace time

The regiment then moved to Strasbourg, which it left in May 1750 to move to Neubreisach and Hagenau .

In 1751 he went to Briançon, 1752 to Toulon, in August 1753 to Beaucaire and then to the Perpignan camp. In September 1754 it was housed in Tournon and then in various places in Languedoc until October 1755, when it was ordered to Toulon, where on April 4, 1756 the embarkation for the expedition to Menorca took place.

Seven Years War - 1756 to 1763

Allocation to the expedition to Menorca. The fleet set sail on April 9, and the island was reached on April 18. The landing went on without difficulty. The city of Ciutadella had not defended itself and was immediately occupied. However, Maó now had to be taken, whose citadel was considered impregnable and into which a strong English garrison had withdrawn. On May 8th the French artillery appeared and the siege of Fort Saint-Philippe could begin. The work was started by the two battalions of "Royal" and Royal-Comtois . The approach trenches were occupied by the Regiment Royal on May 31, June 9 and June 16. The enemy eventually asked for a truce, which was granted. The island was then controlled by the "Royal", "Médoc", " Vermandois " and three other regiments. At the end of the war in 1763, the regiment returned to France.

Peace time

In November 1764 the regiment was in Marseille and in November 1766 in Gap and Briançon .

In October 1767 it was ordered back to Marseille , where the 2nd Battalion was embarked for Martinique , where it remained until March 1, 1773.

The 1st battalion moved to Corsica in October 1768 , to Monaco in November 1770 , to Nègrepelisse in June 1771 and to Montauban in November , where on May 21, 1773 the 2nd battalion had arrived in Rochefort on April 13th , was reunited.

In September 1773 the regiment moved to Briançon, in November 1774 to Valenciennes, to Le Quesnoy in June 1776 and to Calais in September 1776.

In 1778 the regiment was assigned to coastal protection in Lower Normandy, in 1779 to guard the coast at Brest and in 1779 to that of the Aunis . In 1781 it occupied the Château-Trompette in Bordeaux. From here it moved to Perpignan in October 1781 and to Montpellier in March 1788. In October of the same year it was moved to Béziers, where it survived the first effects of the revolution without any major fuss. On April 29th, the unit left Béziers and marched on Perpignan. When the city was almost surrendered to the Spanish with the plot of December 6th, the regiment behaved patriotically and was praised by the Assemblée nationale .

In 1792 the 1st battalion was assigned to the Armée du Midi , the 2nd battalion remained in Perpignan.

Wars of the Revolution and the First Empire - 1805 to 1815

The 1st Battalion took part in the campaigns in Italy from 1792 to 1793. The 2nd Battalion fought from 1792 to 1795 with the "Armée des Pyrénées-Orientales" (Army of the Eastern Pyrenees).

Second empire

From 1854 to 1859 the regiment was in Algeria and was used in the conquest of the country. Afterwards it fought in the Sardinian War in the Battle of Robechetto , the Battle of Magenta and the Battle of Solferino .

Battle of Solferino

1871 to 1914

Franco-German War

On August 1, 1870, the regiment was formed, along with the 28 e régiment d'infantry de ligne , the "Brigade Chanaleilles" in the "Division Levassor Serval", the 6th Corps of the "Army of the Rhine" of Maréchal Canrobert belonged .

The regiment fought in the Battle of Mars-la-Tour , the Battle of Gravelotte , the Siege of Metz and the Battle of Bellevue . After the surrender of Metz, the regiment was taken prisoner of war.

On August 16, a fourth battalion was set up from the surplus and called up, which was then used to form the "10 e régiment de marche" (10th marching regiment ).

First World War

From the beginning of the war until the end of the war, the regiment belonged to the 38th Infantry Brigade of the 19th Infantry Division in the X Army Corps. In 1914 it was stationed in Vitré and in the Camp de la Lande d'Ouée.

1914

1915

  • Fight at Point-du-Jour and Bailleul

1916

1917

  • Mont Blond, Mont Cornillet
  • Verdun, Cote 344

1918

  • Attack fighting on the Aisne
  • Fight at Longpont, Villers-Hélon

Second World War

In 1939 it was set up as the 70 e régiment d'infanterie de forteresse by the Région Militaire, Center Mobilisateur d'infanterie, réserve A RIF type SD Sarre (CMI 201). It was under the XII. Army Corps of the 5th Army and was assigned to the Haguenau section of the Maginot Line . After the French surrender in June 1940, it was disbanded and not re-erected.

Regimental flags since the revolution

  • 1st Battalion 1791 to 1793

  • 1st Battalion 1793 to 1794

  • 2nd Battalion 1791 to 1793

  • 2nd Battalion 1793 to 1795

  • 1804 to 1812

  • 1812 to 1814

  • 1830 to 1848

  • 1940

On the back of the regimental flag (since Napoleonic times) the campaigns and battles in which the regiment took part are listed in gold letters.

Motto

Je m'accroche
I hold on

Honors

The flag ribbon is decorated with the Croix de guerre 1914-1918 with two palm branches for two honorable mention in the army command.

  • Croix de guerre 1914-1918

In 2006, a street in the former Vitré garrison was named after the regiment.

literature

  • Général Louis Susane: Histoire de l'infanterie française. Volume 4. Librairie militaire J. Dumaine, Paris 1876 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  • Général Serge Andolenko : Recueil d'historiques de l'infanterie française. Eurimprim, Paris 1969.
  • Lieutenant general François-Eugène de Vault: Mémoires militaires relatifs à la guerre d'Espagne sous Louis XIV. Volume 1. Imprimerie Royale, Paris 1835 ( full text in the Google book search).
  • Lieutenant général François-Eugène de Vault: Mémoires militaires relatifs à la guerre d'Espagne sous Louis XIV. Volume 2. Imprimerie Royale, Paris 1836 ( full text in Google book search).
  • Victor Louis Jean François Belhomme: Histoire de l'infanterie en France. Volume 2. Henri Charles-Lavauzelle, Paris 1893.
  • M. Pinard: Chronologie historique-militaire. Volume 5 ( digitized on Gallica ) and 8 ( digitized ). Claude Hérissant, Paris 1762 and 1778.

Footnotes

  1. ↑ German: 70th Fortress Infantry Regiment
  2. ↑ Victor Louis Jean François Belhomme: Histoire de l'infantry en France. Volume 2. Henri Charles-Lavauzelle, Paris 1893, p. 184.
  3. ^ Arnaud Bunel: Régiment de Médoc. Drapeau Colonel / Drapeau d'Ordonnance ( Memento from December 17, 2017 in the Internet Archive ). In: Vexillologie militaire européenne. Drapeaux militaires européens 1700–1914.
  4. ↑ Famille de Mesmes. In: Racines et histoire (PDF; 280 kB).
  5. ↑ Hamilton Regiment in French Service. In: The Miniatures Page .
  6. ↑ Jean-Charles de Crussol (1675-1739). In: Nemausensis.com.
  7. ↑ Pierre Lemau de la Jaisse: Cinquième abrégé de la carte générale du militaire de France, sur terre et sur mer. Depuis Novembre 1737 jusqu'en Décembre 1738. Gandouin et al., Paris 1739, OCLC 458013263 .
  8. ↑ Major was not a rank, but a position, the chief of the regimental staff was called that.
  9. ↑ «  Décision n ° 12350 / SGA / DPMA / SHD / DAT du 14 September 2007 relative aux inscriptions de noms de batailles sur les drapeaux et étendards des corps de troupe de l'armée de terre, du service de santé des armées et du service des essences des armées, Bulletin officiel des armées, n ° 27, 9 November 2007  »(German:“ Provision n ° 12350 / SGA / DPMA / SHD / DAT of September 14, 2007 on the appearance of the inscriptions on the flags and standards of the Troops of the army, the medical service and the fuel supply branch. Published with the official army bulletin No. 27 of November 9, 2007 ")
  10. ↑ "  Arrêté relatif à l'attribution de l'inscription AFN 1952–1962 sur les drapeaux et étendards des formations des armées et services, du 19 novembre 2004 (A) NORDEF0452926A Michèle Alliot-Marie  " (German: "Order AFN 1952–1962 on the assignment of the inscriptions on the flags and standards of the formations of the army and the services of November 19, 2004 (A) NORDEF0452926A Michèle Alliot-Marie ")
  11. ↑ This also applies to units that have already been disbanded, as they can (theoretically) be put back into active service at any time

Web links

Commons : Flags of the 70 ° regiment d'infanterie  - Collection of images, videos and audio files