Taxi business in Berlin

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Taxi stand at Tegel Airport
Taxi stand at Friedrichstrasse station , 1957

The Berlin taxi industry consists of over 8,000 licensed taxis (May 2018), some 3,000 taxi companies, a number of taxi companies and four associations.

Since Berlin, as the largest city and capital of Germany, is an important trade fair city and an important tourist destination with over 20 million overnight stays per year, Berlin's taxi industry also has some special features in contrast to other major cities in Germany. Among other things, Berlin has Germany's largest taxi fleet and an above-average taxi density per inhabitant.

In the city , which was divided until 1990 , there were separate developments in East and West Berlin, even in the taxi industry.

General

In surveys in Germany and around the world, taxi drivers from Berlin repeatedly take top positions.

The demand for taxis varies greatly depending on the time of year, day of the week, time and weather. In addition, there are frequent order peaks during the big trade fairs - such as Green Week , Fruit Logistica , IFA , Bread & Butter , ITB , Berlin Fashion Week , YOU , Berlin Air Show (ILA) and IAA - as well as on Christmas Eve and New Year's Eve. All year round, a large proportion of the orders come from the city's large four- and five-star hotels.

Structural data

Sources :, to 2012: to 2014: before 1990 only West Berlin

In March 2014 there were around 7,600 taxis in Berlin (1960: 1172 taxis, January 2012: 7397 taxis, see graphic) and around 18,000 drivers.

In December 2012, Berlin had 3001 taxi companies, 2368 (79%) owned one vehicle, 206 (6.8%) two vehicles and 427 (14.2%) three or more (average 9.8 vehicles). Nationwide, the share of two-car companies is significantly higher (13.8%). The number of taxi companies in 1960 was 1,136, in the following decades it was mostly between 3,000 and 4,000.

Compared to other German cities, Berlin has a relatively low car density with 3.14 inhabitants per private car. In addition to the low purchasing power and limited parking space, the reasons for this are likely to be the well-developed public transport system - including taxis.

The German cities generally have more taxis per square kilometer and even more taxis per inhabitant than less densely populated areas. Berlin - similar to Munich , Düsseldorf and Frankfurt am Main - has a very high density of taxis with 484 inhabitants per taxi, and nationwide, on average, more than three times as many people share a taxi. The Berlin taxis thus made up a fairly stable 13% of German taxis in the last few decades (with a population share of around 4.3% at the end of 2011).

The German Taxi- and Car Rental Association e. V. (BZP) estimated in 2005 that around 60 percent of taxis in Germany are Mercedes-Benz vehicles . The Business Week reported in 2014 that in Berlin about half of newly registered taxis cars from Mercedes-Benz and about a third hybrid vehicles from Toyota were. In the same year, Toyota announced the 1000th registration of a hybrid taxi of the brand in Berlin.

Taxi offices

Taxi centers usually do not have their own vehicles, as do the centers in Berlin. They convey the accepted orders to a vehicle if the entrepreneur has concluded a radio contract with the headquarters. In addition to the authorities, the taxi offices are also contact points for lost property and complaints about taxi drivers.

While the order situation has changed little overall, the proportion of trips ordered via a radio center has increased in recent years.

The largest taxi center in Berlin is Taxi Berlin , a radio center community made up of Taxifunk Berlin, Würfelfunk, Cityfunk and Quality Taxi . With over 5500 vehicles, it is by far the largest taxi center in Germany. The second largest Berlin headquarters is the WBT Wirtschaftsgenossenschaft Berliner Taxibesitzer eG (short: WBT ), which claims to have around 2000 connected vehicles.

All Taxi Berlin vehicles are transmitted via radio data transmission and are either equipped with a PDA or a permanently installed digital transmission device. The WBT vehicles are still predominantly transmitted by voice radio. Both centers use the Austrosoft FMS fleet management system.

Taxi call box at the Axel Springer House

The WBT operates the 145 Berlin taxi call pillars . Each call column has its own telephone number. If you dial the number of the nearest call box, you can order the driver who may be waiting there to come to you. In 2006 the FDP parliamentary group in the Berlin House of Representatives wrote an application because the WBT demanded fees "without billing them in a comprehensible manner". The number and importance of call boxes has decreased due to the proliferation of cell phones and automatic switching.

The SonderFahrDienst (SFD) for people with disabilities is a subsidized driving service of the state of Berlin, it is carried out with vehicles of the WBT .

The Central Taxi Berlin cooperates with the Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe (BVG). Since 2010 there has been the option of substitute transport with taxis; travel is free in the large taxis called by the BVG with the note "Substitute transport on behalf of the BVG". However, passengers cannot order a taxi themselves. Since 2015 it has been possible to order a taxi from Taxi Berlin with the BVG app .

Associations

There are four associations for taxi entrepreneurs in Berlin : The guild of the Berlin taxi industry e. V. (short: guild ), Taxi Germany - Landesverband Berlin e. V. (formerly: TVD ), the Taxiverband Berlin Brandenburg e. V. (TVB) and the Berliner Taxivereinigung e. V. (BTV).

Recurring demands from the associations deal with undeclared work , the problems around Berlin Brandenburg Airport (see section Airports ), the number of taxis and the taxi tariff. The Berlin taxi association, for example, advocates the liberalization of tariffs and additional training for taxi drivers regardless of local customers. TaxiDeutschland - Landesverband Berlin demands a limitation of taxi concessions, additional training for drivers, as well as color approval and changed rules for advertising.

The magazine RAL 1015 taxi news appears ten times a year. It contains news for Berlin taxi drivers and communications from associations and radio control centers.

history

The return of the " Iron Gustav ", 1928
The first Berlin power cab, 1899

Beginnings

The early 17th century in Paris introduced litters - called "sedan-chair" - came the end of the century by Frederick William of Brandenburg to Berlin.

With the improvement of the roads in the 18th century, the horse thrashing spread . At the beginning of the 19th century, Alexander Mortier had a monopoly on it in Berlin . The quality and number of vehicles, as well as the working conditions for people and animals, changed dramatically again and again, in the meantime there were no more cabs in the city.

The first automobiles appeared at the end of the 19th century. In 1896, Berlin was the first city to require a taximeter .

At the turn of the century there were still many small vehicle manufacturers and many also experimented with electric motors, for example Henschel built an electric taxi in Berlin. The Siemens-Schuckert presented in Berlin in 1905 - including the taxi transport - " Electric Viktoria " her.

In 1911 there were 2,000 taxis in Berlin, around fifty years later there were 1,172 in West Berlin (see section structural data ).

A historically well-known driver from Berlin is Gustav Hartmann (the "iron Gustav"), who drove from Berlin to Paris in 1928 in protest against the increasing number of automobiles and the conditions in the cab trade and whose story was processed by Hans Fallada .

Elli Blarr began her work in Berlin in 1929 as Germany's first female taxi driver.

The well-known Berlin detective, Ernst Gennat , solved the murder of a taxi driver in 1938 with the help of the first TV manhunt.

Division and reunification

The guild of the Berlin taxi industry e. V. was founded in its current form in 1956, but predecessor associations have existed since 1900.

The first taxi center in West Berlin - Taxifunk Berlin eG (Ackermann-Funk) with the telephone number 6902 - was put into operation in September 1959. Another cooperative headquarters was added in 1968: Würfelfunk , which was converted into a small stock corporation in 2005 .

Initially, taxis were black in Germany, later they were blue in the GDR . In 1971 the color light ivory (RAL 1015) was prescribed for taxis in what was then the Federal Republic of Germany ( Section 26 BOKraft ). This still applies in Berlin, but no longer in six other federal states.

A typical taxi model in the GDR was the GAZ-24 Volga . The Mercedes / 8 and 123 series were widespread in West Berlin . After 1990, the variety of brands and models used increased (see the structural data section ), including exotic vehicles such as the “London Taxi” ( LTI TX4 ).

In April 1975 the taxi broker Cityfunk was founded in West Berlin. Cityfunk emerged from ISAR-Funk , a rental agency founded in 1966 . Also in 1975 the Taxi Association Berlin Brandenburg e. V. ( TVB , at that time still without Brandenburg in the name).

East Berlin taxi ( GAZ-24 Volga ) on the first trip to West Berlin after the fall of the Wall , at the end of December 1989

Until the end of the GDR , West Berlin was politically and geographically an island. For taxi drivers, this meant that there were no trips into the surrounding areas like in other cities and the distances covered could never be very great.

The kidnapping of the lawyer Walter Linse from West Berlin on July 8, 1952, the "Aktion Lehmann" caused a stir . Stasi agents stole a west taxi especially for this, which was used for the kidnapping in the eastern part of the city. A few months later he was executed in Moscow .

In the east, with a few exceptions, taxis and switching were organized in VEB Taxi , which was subordinate to VEB Kombinat Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe (BVB). VEB Taxi also operated the only driving school in East Berlin in Prenzlauer Berg .

During the Cold War , taxis were a much more important means of transport for the population, as public transport was much worse developed than after 1990 and sometimes even worse than before the Second World War (see, for example: Second Reichsbahnerstreik 1980 ) . Other reasons were the lower costs for taxis and the lower prevalence of private vehicles, especially in the GDR.

Since there were only a few vehicles in the GDR, taxis were also in short supply. In addition, before the Berlin Wall was built, numerous drivers fled their vehicles to the West. This sometimes led to long queues of passengers at taxi stops, which made driving a profitable business. The numerous unofficial "black taxis" tried to avoid getting in the way of the official taxis and did not charge the passengers a fare.

On the 40th anniversary of the GDR , October 7, 1989, tens of thousands of people demonstrated against the GDR dictatorship (for details see: Chronicle of the GDR ) . The GDR leadership reacted with brutal repression and mass arrests, which is why many East drivers boycotted addresses of the SED and state organs.

The economic situation of the West Berlin drivers was good, among other things due to the Berlin allowance and low fuel costs: Adjusted for inflation , the oil price from the end of the 19th century until the 1973 oil crisis was well below 40  US dollars per barrel (2011/2012: on average above $ 100 per barrel). Many students worked as taxi drivers. After 1990, earnings fell and the proportion of low-skilled and migrant drivers increased.

After German reunification , all taxi drivers in both parts of Berlin were allowed to drive throughout the city without an additional test, although the drivers hardly knew their way around the other half. In the eastern part, light ivory also became the mandatory taxi color.

Natural gas taxis: TUT project

Logo from TUT

On October 30, 2000, the project TUT - a thousand environmental taxis for Berlin was started, which aimed at one thousand natural gas taxis and one hundred natural gas driving school cars on the streets of Berlin. The declaration was signed by the then Federal Environment Minister Jürgen Trittin ( Greens ), representatives of the Berlin Senate administrations and representatives of the gas industry.

The budget was set at 22.5 million marks (adjusted for purchasing power in today's currency around 15 million euros), around a third of which was funded by the Federal Environment Ministry, the rest was to be financed by the gas industry. The subsidies took the form of fuel discounts, petrol station subsidies and grants for vehicle purchases (up to 6,000 marks).

The final event took place in November 2006, and the results were positive.

Taxi offices after 1990

In 1990 VEB Taxi became the taxi center Taxiruf Spreefunk . At the beginning of 2000 the Spreefunk was merged with the West Berlin Ackermann-Funk . This created a large taxi control center with coverage throughout the city: TaxiFunk Berlin . 2006 and 2007 was created in cooperation with the Würfelfunk , the City Funk and founded in 2004, mediation Quality Taxi Arbeitsgemeinschaft Berliner taxi companies, taxi Berlin .

Subsequently, the communication between the control centers and the taxis was gradually converted to automatic switching technology via GPS and internet connection. Voice radio lost its importance for communication, but still exists. It is now also possible to order without speaking to a call center agent, for example via automatic telephone ordering (telebooking), automatic call systems (for example in hotels), internet ordering or a taxi app .

Airports

As in other cities, traffic to and from the airports in Berlin is one of the most important sources of income for the taxi industry. For 2010, the Berlin Taxi Association estimated the share of turnover from airport trips with the help of figures from the Berlin Airport Company and the German Taxi and Rental Car Association (BZP) at 30 percent.

Berlin Tempelhof Airport was closed in 2008, and Tegel and Schönefeld Airports are also to be closed. The latter and the neighboring new Berlin Brandenburg Airport are located outside Berlin in the Brandenburg district of Dahme-Spreewald .

However, Berlin taxis are only allowed to stand at a taxi stand in their compulsory driving area .

The agreement that taxis from the district of Dahme-Spreewald and Berlin may alternate between queuing at Schönefeld Airport was canceled on January 1, 2013 by the district of Dahme-Spreewald.

Until then, two identical tariffs for all taxis were also discussed, depending on whether the journey started in Berlin or Schönefeld. Then a trip into the city would have been more expensive than the way back on the same route. It was criticized by associations that switching to the more expensive airport tariff within Berlin would have opened up new opportunities for fraud.

Since January 2010, entry to the taxi queue at Tegel Airport has only been possible with a special transponder . 50 cents are due per passage  , which is passed on to the taxi customer as an airport surcharge - as is common in some other cities. The revenue should be used to monitor quality standards, such as the cleanliness of vehicles and the possibility of credit card payments.

The introduction of the surcharge led to calls for protests and boycotts among taxi drivers. Legal steps against the airport surcharge were largely unsuccessful. However, the Berlin Regional Court found in June 2010 that the drivers did not have to accept credit card payments. However, this has been obsolete since the beginning of 2015, as all Berlin taxis - regardless of Tegel Airport - now have to accept cashless means of payment (see: Laws and ordinances section ).

The taxi guild criticized that there was “not much left” of the quality offensive and Claudia Hämmerling , traffic expert for the Greens , described the project as “failed”. In July 2010 around half of Berlin's taxis had an airport transponder.

Laws and Regulations

Sign 229 - taxi stand

For all taxis in Germany, the road traffic regulations (StVO), the nationwide Passenger Transport Act (PBefG) and the regulation on the operation of motor vehicle companies in passenger transport (BOKraft) apply . Almost all regulations of BOKraft can be overridden by the federal states ( § 43 BOKraft).

Some things - for example the taxi tariff - are not uniformly regulated nationwide ( § 51 PBefG), there are regulations of the federal states and municipalities. In Berlin, these are the ordinance on transport charges in taxi traffic (TaxTarifO) of December 10, 2010 and the ordinance on taxi traffic (Taxenordnung, for short: TaxO) of August 31, 2004.

There is no color approval in Berlin (see the history section ) and, as in Hamburg, there are no restrictions on taxi concessions . According to § 13 , Paragraph 4 PBefG , the latter would be possible if "the functionality of the local taxi trade is threatened."

According to a Senate decision of January 13, 2015, Berlin taxis must accept "at least three different cards commonly used in business transactions" for cashless payments.

Tax rules

Berlin taxis may only be held ready for passengers at the signposted taxi stands ; this does not apply between 8 p.m. and 6 a.m. and during public events (Section 3 TaxO).

The passengers are free to choose the vehicle (§ 4). A copy of both Berlin ordinances must be carried along with a short version of the tariff, maps and a sufficient number of ticket receipts in every taxi (Section 6). Every taxi must be kept ready at least 180 shifts of at least six hours a year (Section 7 TaxO).

Tariff

When taxi fare is available in the Regulation on transport rates in tax traffic two tariff levels in Berlin. The short-haul flat-rate tariff , colloquially known as "short haul", only applies when a moving car is signaled and must be announced when boarding. He then entitles him to travel up to two kilometers - should the journey be longer, the taximeter then picks up at the regular tariff (the taximeter beeps when reaching the border and the passenger can decide whether he wants to continue at the regular tariff or get off at the flat rate ). This special "wink tariff" is unique in Germany and is so popular among night club-goers that ideas to abolish it were unsuccessful.

The regular fare is graded according to a basic price when boarding and a kilometer price, which decreases after seven kilometers. The passenger always pays the same regular price, regardless of whether he gets in at a taxi stand, calls a car at a taxi office or waves a moving car to him. There are also fees for waiting times, more than four people, cashless payments, bulky luggage and boarding at Tegel Airport .

To EUR -introduction in 2002 the basic price was 2.50 euros, the first seven kilometers each cost 1.53 euros, each additional kilometer 1.02 euros. A short trip cost 3.00 euros. After more than six years, there was an increase in the tariff in 2007: 3.00 euros base price and 1.58 euros or 1.20 euros per kilometer (short-haul: 3.50 euros).

In 2009 the base price was increased to 3.20 euros, the kilometer cost 1.65 euros or 1.28 euros (short-haul: 4.00 euros). The tariff was last changed in 2014.

As of February 19, 2014, the starting price was 3.40 euros, the first seven kilometers cost 1.79 euros per kilometer, then 1.28 euros per kilometer.

Since June 30, 2015, the basic amount has been 3.90 euros, the kilometer price up to seven kilometers 2.00 euros, and everything that goes beyond that is 1.50 euros. There is also a short-haul flat-rate tariff for passengers waving their hand, which is a flat rate of 5.00 EUR for a distance of up to two kilometers.

Local knowledge examination

Every taxi driver needs a driver's license to transport passengers (FzF, also "P-license"). In order to be able to participate in the switching system of the taxi centers , a radio course is also required, which can be taken at the centers.

The driver's license for passenger transport is only issued in larger towns if the local knowledge test has been passed . This test is carried out in Berlin by DEKRA and TÜV . Until the end of 2014, the examination was carried out by the taxi associations Taxi Guild and TVB . The exam consists of two parts: the basics are examined in a written test and target drives are examined in the oral part. A practical driving test or knowledge that goes beyond local knowledge is not required.

The basics of the written exam (50 questions based on the multiple-choice principle on a PC) include knowledge of the twelve Berlin districts and the location of their neighboring districts as well as the 96 districts and some settlements, as well as knowledge of the district in which each one District or in which district the respective settlement is located. In addition, information on squares, important streets, and objects such as hotels, hospitals, embassies, etc. are required. The oral exam consists of two to three target drives. Start and finish are given, the route must be announced street by street with directions and all important places on the route must be named. Up until the beginning of 2015, additional questions - such as the side streets from Kurfürstendamm , Unter den Linden or Friedrichstraße  - could be asked, but these are currently omitted. Due to the extremely large number of theoretically possible driving routes that the examinee must master, the Berlin local knowledge test is considered "one of the toughest in Europe".

With the special atlas for taxi tickets for Berlin, there is a set of maps that is aimed specifically at future Berlin taxi drivers and deals with the peculiarities of the oral exam.

Prominent taxi drivers

For Gustav Hartmann (the "iron Gustav") and Elli Blarr , who became known in their function as taxi drivers, see the history section .

Other well-known (former) Berlin taxi drivers include:

Berlin taxi drivers in the media

literature

Movie and TV

Films:

Documentations:

TV series whose topic is the Berlin taxi industry:

Web links

Commons : Taxis in Berlin  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bad balance Berlin has too many taxis - and too few passengers. In: Berliner Zeitung , May 18, 2018, accessed on February 24, 2019
  2. ↑ Number of overnight stays: Berlin sets historic tourist record. Berliner Morgenpost , December 16, 2010, accessed on May 15, 2011 (behind a paywall).
  3. ↑ German tourists find taxi drivers in Berlin the friendliest. (No longer available online.) Hotels.com June 29, 2009, archived from the original on October 5, 2014 ; Retrieved May 15, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / de.hotels.com
  4. ↑ ADAC Test 2011: Driving a taxi in major European cities. (No longer available online.) ADAC e. V., October 6, 2011, archived from the original on January 27, 2013 ; Retrieved July 22, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.adac.de
  5. ↑ a b c Figures on taxi and rental car traffic. (PDF, 926 kB) (No longer available online.) Deutscher Taxi- und Autovermietungverband e. V. (BZP), October 22, 2015, p. 90 , archived from the original on April 17, 2016 ; accessed on May 2, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / bzp.org
  6. ↑ Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development (Ed.): Report on the special survey on taxi and rental car traffic, as of December 31, 2012 . October 30, 2013 ( bmvi.de [PDF]).
  7. ↑ a b Information from LABO Berlin in March 2014
  8. ↑ The friendliness offensive. (No longer available online.) Inforadio , March 5, 2014, archived from the original on March 15, 2014 ; accessed on March 15, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.inforadio.de
  9. ↑ "Numbers about taxi and rental car traffic" of the BZP, page 94, "Number of companies with 1, 2, 3 and more taxis"
  10. ^ Ibid: page 96, "Number of taxi companies between 1960 and 2008"
  11. ↑ a b ibid: page 93, "Structural data taxi and rental car"
  12. ↑ GfK purchasing power 2011: Increase thanks to a minor crisis. In: GfK Purchasing Power Germany 2011. GfK Geomarketing, accessed on April 3, 2012 : "Together with Brandenburg, Berlin is around ten percent below the national average [...]"
  13. ^ Population - Germany (population at the end of the month). (No longer available online.) In: statistik-portal.de. Statistical Offices of the Federation and the Länder , March 21, 2012 filed by the original on October 15, 2008 ; Retrieved March 29, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.statistik-portal.de
  14. ↑ Population status in Berlin on November 30, 2011 by district. (PDF, 7 kB) (No longer available online.) In: statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de. Office for Statistics Berlin-Brandenburg , March 19, 2012, archived from the original on March 30, 2012 ; Retrieved March 29, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de
  15. ↑ Taxi Market: The Shrinking of the Stars. In: Spiegel Online . December 30, 2005, accessed February 28, 2014 .
  16. ↑ Toyota's hybrid cars are chasing market share from Mercedes. In: Wirtschaftswoche . February 15, 2014, accessed February 28, 2014 .
  17. ↑ Berlin drives Toyota Hybrid. Thousandth hybrid taxi of the brand registered in the federal capital. (No longer available online.) Toyota , November 18, 2014, archived from the original on February 18, 2015 ; Retrieved February 18, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.toyota.de
  18. ^ Taxi Berlin (home page). Retrieved March 15, 2014 .
  19. ↑ About us - The fleet. WBT Wirtschaftsgenossenschaft Berliner Taxibesitzer eG, accessed on May 15, 2011 .
  20. ↑ Find call pillars by district. WBT eG, accessed on March 29, 2012 .
  21. ^ Martin Lindner , Klaus-Peter von Lüdeke (FDP parliamentary group): For a fair taxi call column operation . Printed matter 15/5180. In: 15th electoral term . Berlin House of Representatives, May 31, 2006 ( PDF, 21 KB [accessed March 29, 2012]).
  22. ↑ SpecialFahrDienst SFD. Pension Office , State Office for Health and Social Affairs Berlin (LAGeSo), accessed on February 18, 2015 .
  23. ↑ BVG customers can now also take a taxi. In: Berliner Morgenpost. September 9, 2010, accessed February 18, 2015 .
  24. ↑ Dietmar Fund: Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe integrate taxis into their app. In: taxi today. February 9, 2015, accessed February 18, 2015 .
  25. ↑ What are the goals of BTV? Berliner Taxivereinigung e. V., accessed on May 19, 2011 .
  26. ↑ The Association. Taxi Germany - Landesverband Berlin e. V., accessed on May 19, 2011 .
  27. ↑ a b Christiane Tovar: Taxi - Chauffeur for all cases. In: Planet Knowledge . WDR / SWR / BR-alpha , June 1, 2009, accessed April 2, 2012 .
  28. ↑ Wolfgang Wruck: To the history of the guild of the Berlin taxi industry e. V. (No longer available online.) Guild of the Berliner Taxigewerbes e. V., archived from the original on January 19, 2014 ; Retrieved May 15, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.taxiinnung.org
  29. ^ Charlottenburg District Court, new entry from August 2, 2005: Taxi-Ruf Würfelfunk "0800-CABCALL" AG
  30. ↑ These are Baden-Württemberg , Lower Saxony , Rhineland-Palatinate , Saarland , Saxony-Anhalt and Schleswig-Holstein , according to taxi with total branding. ( Memento of the original from July 14, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Planusblog. Published on August 18, 2008. Accessed March 29, 2012. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.planusblog.de
  31. ^ London Taxi LTI TX4: Brit Exile in Berlin. In: Stern . June 26, 2007, accessed August 8, 2013 .
  32. ↑ Welcome to the TVB. (No longer available online.) Taxi Verband Berlin Brandenburg e. V., archived from the original on October 22, 2011 ; Retrieved May 19, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.taxiverband-berlin.de
  33. ↑ Benno Kirsch: Rogue piece of the Stasi with a fatal outcome. In: Deutschlandfunk . July 2, 2007, accessed August 10, 2013 .
  34. ↑ Mercedes instead of Volga . In: Der Spiegel . No. 8 , 1990, pp. 124 ( online ).
  35. ↑ a b Ewald König: Resistance with a taximeter. In: EurActiv . October 6, 2009, accessed August 10, 2013 .
  36. ↑ Black Taxi. (No longer available online.) In: 40-Jahre-DDR.de. September 8, 2007, archived from the original on September 30, 2013 ; Retrieved August 10, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.40-jahre-ddr.de
  37. ↑ a b Sören Kittel: What united taxi drivers and what divided them. (No longer available online.) Berliner Morgenpost , November 1, 2009, archived from the original on April 8, 2014 ; accessed on April 5, 2012 (behind a paywall).
  38. ↑ Julia Haak: A fiver an hour. In: Berliner Zeitung . July 9, 2013, accessed August 8, 2013 .
  39. ↑ Joint declaration of intent. In: Funding projects - a thousand environmental taxis. Federal Environment Ministry, October 30, 2000, archived from the original on July 8, 2012 ; accessed on March 29, 2014 .
  40. ↑ Astrid Klug: Natural gas paved the way for biogas. In: Press releases - 16th legislative period - No. 282/06. Federal Environment Ministry, November 1, 2006, accessed on April 5, 2012 .
  41. ↑ A taxi is ordered to the appropriate address by transferring the phone number from a landline connection. The address and landline phone number must be saved at the radio center.
  42. ↑ Wolfgang Jäschke, Richard Leipold: Berlin Airports - Sales Engine for the Taxi Industry? Berliner Taxivereinigung e. V., September 9, 2011, accessed on July 25, 2012 (printed in RAL 1015 taxi news , No. 7, September 2011, pp. 31–33).
  43. ↑ Taxi rides: one way, two prices. Berliner Morgenpost, February 4, 2012, accessed on February 5, 2012 (behind a paywall).
  44. ↑ Taxi quality offensive in Tegel: From January 2010, access to the replacement area will only be possible with a transponder. Flughafen Berlin Brandenburg GmbH , October 16, 2009, accessed on October 22, 2013 .
  45. ↑ Taxi drivers boycott the taxi fare. Der Tagesspiegel, July 2, 2009, accessed on February 15, 2012 .
  46. ↑ Markus Falkner: Court ruling: Berlin taxi drivers are allowed to refuse credit cards. In: Berliner Morgenpost. July 23, 2010, accessed October 2, 2012 .
  47. ↑ Income tax law: taxi trade: appraisal and designation requests. In: Judgment of the Third Senate, 3 K 13/09. Finanzgericht Hamburg , September 7, 2010, accessed on March 31, 2012 : "In Hamburg, like in Berlin, but in contrast to all other German municipalities, the number of taxi concessions is not limited."
  48. ↑ Senate resolves cashless payment in Berlin taxis. Berlin.de, January 13, 2015, accessed on February 18, 2015 .
  49. ↑ egulation over transport fees for tax traffic of 6 December 2005 . Taxi Berlin. Retrieved October 4, 2016.
  50. ↑ Dispute over taxi tariffs in Berlin - you have four euros! . Southgerman newspaper. November 29, 2011.
  51. ^ Berlin.de - Taxi. Berlin.de - The official capital city portal, accessed on May 15, 2011 .
  52. ↑ Moderate increase in taxi tariffs after six years. Berlin.de - The official capital city portal, February 27, 2007, accessed on February 28, 2014 .
  53. ↑ Change in taxi tariffs as of July 1, 2009. Berlin.de, July 1, 2009, accessed on February 28, 2014 .
  54. ↑ a b Senate changes taxi tariffs. Berlin.de, February 19, 2014, accessed on February 28, 2014 .
  55. ↑ Driving a taxi in Berlin will be 14 percent more expensive . BZ. 2nd June 2015.
  56. ^ Dietmar Fund: Berlin: Local knowledge test was moved to TÜV and Dekra. In: taxi today. November 24, 2014, accessed February 18, 2015 .
  57. ^ Hannah Frühauf, Alexander Maier: Taxi ride in the classroom. In: the daily newspaper . November 7, 2011, accessed August 8, 2013 .
  58. ↑ Special atlas on taxi licenses for Berlin. Axel Rühle, accessed on September 7, 2012 .