Viticulture on Lake Zurich

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Viticulture on Lake Zurich describes viticulture in the region around Lake Zurich in the cantons of Zurich , St. Gallen and Schwyz . The vineyards near the lake are on the right bank in Zurich-Hottingen , Zurich- Riesbach , Küsnacht , Erlenbach , Herrliberg , Meilen , Uetikon , Männedorf , Uerikon , Stäfa , Feldbach and Rapperswil and on the left bank in Zurich- Enge , Horgen and Wädenswil , Richterswil and Leutschen .

From the 12th to the end of the 19th century, viticulture on Lake Zurich was the main source of income for the population and the basis of the prosperity of the time. It was at the center of economic and cultural life and influenced the population, their lives and their work for centuries.

"Lattenberg" vineyard near the hamlet of Mutzmalen in Stäfa: the largest contiguous vineyard area on Lake Zurich

Environmental conditions

For the cultivation of the grapevines , no other area in Eastern Switzerland was so favored by nature as the Lake Zurich area. The climate at the lake can be described as a wine climate. On the lake, all slopes suitable for viticulture were planted with vines and flatter areas were adapted to make them usable for viticulture.

Terrain texture

Pfannenstiel chain seen from the opposite bank of Lake Zurich ( Etzel )

Lake Zurich is flanked by two mountain ranges, the Pfannenstiel in the east and the Albis chain with the Zimmerberg in front of it in the west. The Linth Glacier , which flowed through in the Ice Age, carved the terraces that are typical today from the two mountain ridges, which give the slopes on both sides of the lake a step-like shape. The slopes that rise from the lake and are interrupted by terraces have a favorable incline, although they are often perceived as steep and difficult to work on. Naturally, the Pfannenstiel, with its south-westerly sloping slopes, is more favorable than the north-east facing Zimmerberg. In addition, the reflection of the solar radiation by the lake creates advantages for the pan handle. Particularly characteristic of the right bank is the vertical division of the ridge by the deep Bachtobel .

The soils in the Lake Zurich area were created by weathering the moraine debris and the molasse subsoil . They mainly consist of brown earth and parabrown earth . The not too heavy, deep and vigorous soils contain a medium lime content , sometimes up to 40 percent, which allows the vines to take root well. They are deep and particularly fertile on the terrace levels, but large harvests can also be achieved on the slopes.

climate

The climate at Lake Zurich can be described as a wine climate. Heavy frosts are rare in winter . This means that there is little risk of the cold-sensitive vines freezing to death, unless the lake freezes to store heat. The average temperatures required for viticulture per year, for the month of July and for the vegetation period and the required sunshine duration are only just barely reached at Lake Zurich over the years. The solar radiation can be 25 percent stronger on terrace slopes facing south on the right bank than on a slope on the left bank that slopes north. Precipitation falls too much: With over 1000 mm of precipitation , the vine is increasingly attacked by fungal diseases and grape rot. The warm weather during the growing season with sufficient rainfall favors the growth of the vine.

The risk of hail is moderate. The danger of flooding is therefore usually great on the steep slopes without barriers. The slopes were stabilized by drainage and landslides prevented.

history

First mentions

The Romans are said to have been the first to recognize the favorable conditions for viticulture on Lake Zurich; they brought the vines to eastern Switzerland. In the 9th century, probably around 874, viticulture in the Lake Zurich area was first mentioned in writing. In the relevant document, various possessions of the Grossmünsterstift are listed, including in "places with grapevines in Zurich" , which Karl the Fat probably gave to the monastery. The Bodmer Chronicle of the municipality of Stäfa states that it is very likely that the first vines were planted there in the 9th century and that they continued to expand from the 12th century. Viticulture is mentioned for the first time in 972 or 981 for the city of Rapperswil am Lindenhof , also for Erlenbach 981 and for Herrliberg in 1262. In an imperial document from 1018 in Pfäffikon, the vines of the Einsiedeln monastery are mentioned in a courtyard of the monastery . Vines are mentioned in a document in Zollikon in 1145 and on the Zürichberg in 1158 . In Habsburg Urbar that the sale of 19.5 silver marks with all accessories to the Kloster Kappel records, was in 1290 the first time a Trotte mentioned on Lake Zurich, the tithe Trotte of Küsnacht .

13th and 14th centuries: clergy property

Canton school Küsnacht with vineyard

In a contract from 1240 between Rudolf Manesse, the subdeacon of the Fraumünster and the Frauenmünster, the conversion of a field into a vineyard is documented. It is confirmed that Manesse received a field in Riesbach for life, with the condition that he plant vines there. After his death, the field must be returned to the monastery without any claims. The "seminar vines" that still exist today were first mentioned in connection with a fief transfer from the provost of Zurich . There are four Juchart vines, as reported in the fiefdom letter from 1279. The vines at the Küsnacht canton school are probably older, as the provost owned a large part of the Küsnacht church and its property as early as the 12th century. In 1303 the vines were mentioned again in a document.

In 1307 Götz Mülner loaned some vineyards from the Küsnachter Kirchgut in favor of the Zurich hospital to private individuals. On February 18, 1315, the people priest Walter of Zurich awarded Jost Umholz a Juchart, which he converted into a vineyard at his own expense. These vines include a farmstead, a house and a tree garden, which were still lent by a Mütt Kernen at an annual rate of interest . The oldest evidence of the expansion of viticulture in Stäfa dates back to 1384.

Since the Zurich country wines were more expensive and often worse compared to the imported wines, the city of Zurich began to protect local wines. So bans were issued and decrees issued. The so-called "Judge's Letter" from 1304 says:

“Anyone who mixes or mixes wine in Zurich with alcohol and lime, and it comes before the council, should give the city 5 pounds fine for each barrel. Anyone who imports any wine from the citizens is worse than our country wine, who gives from any hem (150 l) in the city a pound of fine. "

In the 13th and 14th centuries the vines were mostly owned by clergymen, such as the Fraumünster and Grossmünster monasteries, the monasteries of Oetenbach , Kappel , St. Gallen , Engelberg , Muri , Wurmsbach , St. Blasien , the Cistercian abbey of Selnau and the Augustinian monastery Zürichberg in Zurich. Secular landowners were the barons of Tengen , the counts of Rapperswil , the houses of Habsburg and Regensberg, and various Zurich families.

15th century: the chaos of war

The people of Zurich attack the Schwyz who landed near Erlenbach during the grape harvest. Illustration from the Bern Chronicle by Diebold Schilling, around 1480

The vineyards suffered badly from the chaos of war. Wine sales in central Switzerland were prevented by a blockade from Zurich via Schwyz in the old Zurich War . Zurich had entered into a military alliance with Habsburg in 1442 . On this occasion, King Friedrich visited the city and drove to Rapperswil with an entourage loaded on 30 ships. This is why the vintage of that time was given the name " King's Wine ". Numerous raids by the Confederates around Zurich and the lake were even more detrimental than the blockade. A bloody episode of the Zurich War was the Wümmet from 1444. In autumn the Schwyz and their allies invaded Erlenbach to harvest the ripe grapes. However, the people of Zurich had been warned and therefore fought back from an ambush while the Schwyzers were busy harvesting the grapes. The confederates could only withdraw with heavy losses.

A vineyard of two types of Juch on the sunny southern slope of the Au peninsula is attested for the year 1484. At that time, vines and wood played a significant role on the meadow.

The importation of poor quality wines was banned entirely by a 15th century decree. The importation of better wines was allowed, but only if their own production could not meet demand. In 1488 the grape harvest was forbidden by law by a Johannes von Winterthur before October 20th. This mainly served the maturation process.

16th century and 17th century

The sixteenth century and the years that followed were far more fun to drink than later centuries. The wine was drunk in large lidded glasses or tankards . There were regulations regarding the drinking of wine: in 1682 six people were fined one pound each for drinking on Sundays.

For centuries, the stäfner had to pay tithes to the Einsiedeln monastery . When they started the tithe trot in 1516, the monastery threatened with excommunication . However, it seems that the monastery had valued the wines from the lake, so the courtiers of Stäfa from the 14th to the 16th century were served bread and wine in the tithe trot in autumn, and when a boy was born the monastery donated two heads (= 7.2 liters) of wine and one head of wine for a daughter.

Jos Murer's map of the cantons of Zurich, published in 1566, shows the distribution of the vines on Lake Zurich. At that time the vineyards stretched on the right bank of the Schirmensee and on the left bank of Oberrieden down the lake to Zurich. The next most recent depiction comes from Hans Conrad Gyger from 1667. The vineyards reached as far as the Wurmsbach monastery and these are also drawn in the Leutschen and Pfäffikon.

In the 17th century, the vines reached from Rapperswil via Feldbach , Uerikon , Stäfa, Männedorf , Uetikon in three strips towards Meilen and Herrliberg . In Erlenbach and especially in Küsnacht and Zollikon the slopes were planted with vines. On the left bank there were vines on the slopes of the Leutschen, in Richterswil , Wädenswil , Au , Käpfnach , Horgen , Oberrieden, Thalwil , Rüschlikon , Kilchberg and Enge . The vines from the lake continued via Fluntern , Oberstrass , Unterstrass , Höngg , Unter- and Oberengstringen , Weiningen , Geroldswil and Oetwil to the Aargau border.

Viticulture blossoms: 18th century and beginning to mid-19th century

With the fall of the old Confederation at the end of the 18th century, troops from France , Austria and Russia entered the right bank area. The local population suffered from billeting of soldiers and seizures, possibly even more than during the old Zurich War. In addition, there was the fact that in 1778 the flooding of the Küsnachter Dorfbach had devastated the community area, including some Jucharten of the best vineyards. Wine played an important role among the goods confiscated by the French, Austrians and Russians. In 1799 the municipality of Küsnacht had to deliver a large amount of wine to the Austrian emperor's troops, which they took from the office, i.e. from the property of the city of Zurich, about which a dispute arose with the city . The Küsnachters also got into a dispute with the neighboring municipality of Zollikon, because instead of Zollikon, Küsnacht had delivered a quantity of wine and other food to the imperial family, and Zollikon refused to pay for the goods for a long time. In addition, the grape thefts by the tsar's soldiers were annoying.

In 1774 Johann Heinrich Waser made the first attempt to determine the area under vines in the canton of Zurich. A vineyard area of ​​11,250 Jucharten (about 3680 ha ) was determined by files from the lords of Wädenswil, Regensberg and Andelfingen . The size of the vineyards on Lake Zurich could only be determined using the Swiss land register of 1801. At that time it was around 1100 hectares.

The 19th century was the last blooming period of the viticulture trade on Lake Zurich. The prosperity of the lake farmers at that time is mainly due to the vine and viticulture. In 1821 the large vineyard was laid out on the southern slope of the Auhügel and expanded to 4.56 hectares in 1824 by clearing the forest . Around 1850 there were 89 trotters in operation in Stäfa, 100 each in Thalwil and Oberrieden. The economic upturn associated with the beginning of industrialization around the middle of the 19th century led to an increase in wine consumption and around 1800 there were around 4,600 vine owners in the Lake Zurich area with a total population of 160,000. From 1886 to 1890 the first cantonal viticulture commissioner, Major JH Lochmann, was in office. He was followed by Captain J. Adler until 1910, who was replaced by National Councilor Diethelm Burkhard .

  • Miles 1794, illustration by Heinrich Brupbacher

  • Herrliberg 1794

  • The right bank of Lake Zurich, still densely overgrown with vines, on the game map from 1848

  • left bank of the lake

Viticulture decline in the 19th century

Vineyards in Zollikon in 1898, before the slopes were built over

From the middle of the 19th century, commercial fertilizers such as guano , potash salts and bone meal were used to a small extent in addition to manure . On the left bank, coal marl from the Käpfnach mine was also used .

The 1870s were, with the exception of the profitable year 1875, a great disappointment. In viticulture there were favorable production conditions between 1860 and 1875; a nice wine yield every autumn, there were hardly any missing years. The good earnings situation, the expansion of food legislation and the increasing demand prompted many farmers to plant new vineyards. In the 1880s, viticulture reached 1944 hectares, the largest area on Lake Zurich. However, spring frosts destroyed the harvests in 1873 and 1874 and hail damaged the grape harvest in 1876. The winter of 1879/1880 was so cold that a sea freeze damaged the vines from the cold. During this period there was an economic downturn of a severity that has hardly ever been experienced. So-called artificial wines, consisting of fuel , tartar , raisins and various chemicals, were brought onto the market and the railroad delivered cheap, often better foreign wines into the country. This led to a drop in prices on the local market, so that some farmers had to sell their entire wine supply in order not to starve. Therefore expressed grapes was much sugar in the barrel fermented , resulting in a fake wine with a high alcohol content. It was cheap and therefore widespread among the population. Together with beer drinking and schnapps, wine consumption led to a sharp rise in alcoholism , which industrial workers in particular suffered from. It was not until the Federal Constitutional Amendment of 1897 and the new laws introduced in the Food Act of 1906 that the worst excesses came to an end. There was also more and more beer and coffee. The fact that at the beginning of the 20th century large sloping areas were released for development and many vine growers sold their land also contributed to the decline in viticulture on Lake Zurich.

From the establishment of the research institute until today

In 1890, the "German-Swiss Experimental Station for Fruit, Wine and Horticulture" was founded in Wädenswil Castle , the first director of which was Hermann Müller-Thurgau . The research station was renamed "Eidgenössische Forschungsanstalt" in 1968 and is now part of the Agroscope as Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil .

In Küsnacht-Heslibach, the community of Küsnacht, together with private individuals, managed to preserve one of the last state vineyards of the formerly extensive vineyards by creating a vine reserve. In a Stäfner community assembly , the vines of the four vineyards Lattenberg, Kirchbühl, Sternenhalde and Risi were saved from any later overbuilding, and new vineyards were also created. With 50 hectares, Stäfa on the right bank of the lake is the largest wine-growing community in the Canton of Zurich; There are still some vineyards in Zollikon, Meilen and Herrliberg.

The Au Wine Museum opened in 1978

The winegrowers founded the viticulture association on Lake Zurich in 1971 with the aim of promoting and maintaining the vine and wine culture on Lake Zurich. The Au Wine Museum, which opened in 1978, is located on the Au peninsula on the left bank of the lake .

In 1950, the Swiss Technical College for Fruit Processing - today's Wädenswil University - was affiliated with a specialist wine department, which is primarily responsible for training young professionals in wine and fruit processing as well as in viticulture. For this purpose, a Schulrebberg was built on leased land from the Au Consortium and on the land of Dr. H. Boller-Baer, ​​which today belongs to the city of Wädenswil. The first vines could be harvested in 1953. In 1974 the vines were rebuilt on Dr. E. von Schulthess on. This estate passed to the Canton of Zurich in 1989 . The 538 ares large vineyard on the southern slope has been cultivated according to the concept of integrated production since 1990. In addition, the university has been the leaseholder of the vines of the cantonal estate Schloss Au since 1992 . The grapes were sold to the State Winery of the Canton of Zurich, the grapes have been pressed in the university's wine cellar since the 2004 vintage. Work was made easier by the transverse alignment of the vineyard area and the machine-based grape harvest, which was carried out for the first time in 2008. The total cultivated area, including the vineyard, amounts to 8.4 hectares.

Grape varieties

Grape varieties Lake Zurich region (as of 1996)
local community Total vineyard area Blue
burgundy 		Riesling x
Silvaner 		Noiseling spice
traminer 		Pinot gris other
varieties
Erlenbach 2.14 1.62 0.39 0.14
Herrliberg 5.42 2.67 1.03 1.01 0.09 0.06 0.56
Hombrechtikon 11.12 7.22 1.92 1.01 0.13 0.10 0.74
Kilchberg 0.40 0.38 0.02
Küsnacht 4.44 2.39 1.44 0.62
Männedorf 5.62 2.33 2.65 0.36 0.07 0.21
miles 18.43 6.61 8.64 2.19 0.13 0.86
Richterswil 1.38 1.00 0.24 0.07 0.07
Stäfa 46.88 02/22 16.58 4.36 0.42 0.52 2.99
Thalwil 0.06 0.06
Uetikon 4.36 0.68 2.95 0.55 0.18
Waedenswil 6.98 2.68 2.38 0.40 0.12 0.11 1.29
Zollikon 0.28 0.28
Zurich (without Höngg) 5.36 3.05 0.28 1.09 0.45 0.50

Exact figures about the grape varieties used at the lake have only been available since 1942. Until the 1930s, almost exclusively white wines were produced on Lake Zurich . There was a ratio of around 85–90 percent white wine and 10–15 percent red wine. It was mainly the Rärmling and the Elbling that were replaced by the Riesling x Sylvaner and the Blauburgunder . These varieties were preferred in terms of taste and were also easier to grow. In the course of the 20th century, more and more low-acid wines were preferred, so that the winemakers adapted the production to these wishes. The resulting change of variety was largely completed in the 1960s. The once dominant and later disdained Rärmling is experiencing a new upswing.

One of the oldest grape varieties on Lake Zurich was the R Noiseling , which was also called " Zürirebe ". Hans Casper Hirzel said the R Noiseling that the grapevines came back well and that the wine was good, durable and improved with age. Among other things, the decline in the R Noussling is due to today's preference for low-acid wines. Another reason is the delicate flowering , which is reflected in large fluctuations in yield. Elbling, which has now disappeared but was previously widespread, was a bit more substantial and bland wine. However, it had the advantage over the R Noiseling that it could also grow on gravelly and shallow soils and thrive in heavy and wet soils. At the beginning of the 20th century you could only find it as a single vine between the R Noiseling. The Completer , which mostly only grew as a single vine between the Rärmling, has also disappeared because it often did not ripen and therefore produced sour wine. In addition, the white varieties such as Gutedel , Elsässer, Welschriesling , Sylvaner , Gelber Ortlieber , Rotgipfler , Weisser and Grauer Burgunder as well as the red varieties Blauburgunder , Clevner , Frühburgunder , Schwarzer Erlenbacher , Blauer Portugieser , Limberger Müllerrebe and Liverdon were cultivated.

As a hobby, some vintners plant the R Noiseling in small quantities. It is mainly found on house walls and trellises, where it grows as a table grape . The red Mariafeld variety comes from Stäfa , a Pinot Noir clone that is widespread in Switzerland .

ecology

Failures and frost damage

Lake Zurich is at a climatic limit for viticulture. The vintners were therefore often plagued by bad harvests or poor quality. Late frost damage is rare on the lake with the exception of a few locations in Küsnacht, Hombrechtikon and Feldbach; the last major damage was caused in 1913 and partly in 1962. Nevertheless, fighting late frosts with the help of straw umbrellas and heating was never necessary at the lake . The preferred location of Lake Zurich became clear in the spring of 1957, when the vines and fruit trees on both shores of the lake were spared from frost up to a height of 500 to 550 meters in contrast to all other areas in eastern Switzerland and produced normal yields in autumn.

Diseases

The most common diseases of the vines were, up to possible treatment, the red burner , the black burner and the gray rot . Depending on the area, soil bacteria and mold appeared at the roots. In many cases the soil was too heavy and too damp, which could promote jaundice . However, thanks to drainage, this physiological disease could be remedied.

Pests

One danger that plagued the vineyards around 1880 was the emergence of powdery mildew , which was introduced from North America via England in 1851 , and downy mildew , which was introduced from America in 1887. These fungal diseases spread almost epidemically and brought the vintners the previously unknown work of spraying grapes. Most of the vineyards on the left bank fell victim to this development. Conditions on the right bank were a little less bad. The high levels of rainfall during the summer made it possible for downy mildew to flourish, which had to be fought on the lake with five to seven sprayings, and in unfavorable years up to eight sprayings. The vine leaves were initially brushed with the Bordeaux broth , a mixture of vitriol , burnt lime and water. The mobile syringes with hand pumps followed later. From 1930 onwards, they worked with motorized syringes from Germany .

From 1886 phylloxera spread rapidly in the canton of Zurich, but was not discovered on Lake Zurich until 1948. Their occurrence could easily be prevented by planting vines grafted on phylloxera-resistant American roots. Other pests include Kräuselmilbe which Monovalent grape , which crossed grape , the vines cryptocephalinae , the vine weevil , the Pockmilbe , the hay and sour worm and red spider . In addition, cockchafer, wasps, birds, badgers and other game caused damage to vines and grapes.

Economic aspects of wine

Up until the 19th century, wine was more of a food and medicine than a luxury item . Basically, the winemakers sold their wine before or during the grape harvest. For this purpose the buyers came to the villages and negotiated the quantity and price. Customers included wine dealers, private individuals and landlords. In addition to a few larger businesses, it was mainly small businesses and producers who worked as a sideline in the wine trade. The wine was mostly sold in barrels of 600 liters ( piècen ).

Wine consumption

In general, wine was poured directly from the barrel into drinking glasses. Only the very best plants were drawn off and stored in bottles. Between 1800 and 1900 it was advised that wine should be drunk with lunch; Workers ate bread and cheese with mid-morning snack and drank wine with them. The wine consumption was highest among farmhands and day laborers, many drank up to two measure (3 liters) a day. In 1905, wine was still part of the daily ration of the Swiss Army in the form of a federal bottle and the State Cellar was responsible for supplying the cantonal hospitals with wine.

Wine Yields and Wine Prices

Exact surveys of the Zurich grape harvests have been available since 1874. The largest harvest so far was brought in in 1875: In the canton of Zurich, 491,266 hl of wine worth 11.5 million Swiss francs were harvested on an area of ​​4,386 hectares. In the Horgen district, a record was set with 153 liters per are. In relation to the population of the canton at that time, this harvest corresponded to an amount of 155 liters per capita including children. In 1913 the yields were smallest; the canton's average was 6.5 hl per ha, which resulted in a total of 18,174 hl worth 963,220 Swiss francs. The highest harvest yields in the entire canton are achieved on Lake Zurich. If the wine yield was low, the must replaced the missing wine.

The wine prices were subject to strong fluctuations depending on the quality and quantity. The price level of Swiss wines is considerably higher than that of many foreign origins. One of the reasons for this is that Switzerland is a densely populated industrial country with high land prices and wages. In addition, a lot of good vineyards were built over in the vicinity of the larger cities. The government of Zurich set wine prices for the first time in 1484, paying particular attention to the interests of consumers. The cheapest Swiss wines cost around 40 cents per liter around 1880, but bottles of wine cost up to 3.50 Swiss francs. Today the fluctuations are between four and 15 Swiss francs. However, this price range is lower for sea wines.

Wages

For many wine growers on the lake, the wine money was the most important and often the only source of income throughout the year. In the 1890s, depending on the vintage, 5 to 10 percent of the gross profit of Zurich agriculture, estimated at 50 to 70 million francs, came from viticulture; in the Meilen district it was even 20 to 30 percent.

Around 1480 the Zurich government regulated the wages of the vine workers and in the poor autumn of 1485 it took measures to help the vine growers. In the 18th century, wine was still part of the wages of the teacher, the pastor and part of the bailiff . In 1905 the male employees of the cantonal institutions still received 1.5 liters of white wine or 1 liter of red wine a day; the women 0.8 liters of white wine or 0.5 liters of red wine. Today's labor costs Staff Rebbauarbeiter depend on the normal wages of agriculture and industry .

Transport of the wine

After processing the vines into wine, selected carters drove to the cities of Zurich and Rapperswil with clean harnessed horses, heavy Sauser wagons and painted barrels. The tanse was used to transport the wine for short transport routes and when there were no good routes . Before the construction of the Zurich Lake Line on the right bank , the wine was transported across the lake to Zurich by Ledi ships.

quality

The Canon Felix Hemmerli does not seem to have been pleased with the quality of the Zurich wine. Even in the chronicles that Friedrich Vogel brought out as a collection in the middle of the 19th century, comparisons that seem strange today were made: In 1392 the wine tasted like the juice of crab apples , the wine was sour depending on the weather (1419), extremely acidic (1481) or hardly drinkable because of its bitter acidity (1302). The 1240 vintage was so strong that it could not be drunk without water.

In the eyes of contemporaries, there were also exceptional wines in both sweetness and strength. The best known are the royal wine from 1336 and the brother wine from 1479. The king wine is said to have been sweeter than the Alsatian and the brother wine was valued even higher by the old people. In the commodity invoice in the council book of 1479 it is noted that this year such an excellent wine had grown that even the host of the Golden Stork in Basel bought a load of wine in Zurich.

In 1784 it was found that the location of the vineyards in the Au was particularly favorable. The Helvetic calendar of 1796 reported that the Auhügel brought one of the best wines on Lake Zurich, the so-called Au-Wein.

The Swiss Federal Polytechnic, today's ETH Zurich , examined five white wines from Meilen with different vintages in 1891. The examinations showed alcohol contents between 5.77 and 8.13 percent by weight and acid contents between 5.76 ‰ and 10.9 ‰. Only one of the wines analyzed met the requirements for a “normal” wine at the time. The investigation in 1904 came out better: Of 58 wines examined, only five had less than 8 percent alcohol and more than 8 ‰ acid.

The quality of two wines from the Au were awarded the highest number of points at the wine awards ceremony of the Swiss Exhibition for Agriculture, Forestry and Horticulture in 1954 in Lucerne .

Cultural influence

Every five years, next time in 2015, the Stäfner Herbstfest takes place, at which there are tasting stands and wine cellars can be visited. The Stäfa-Uerikon vineyard trail provides information on vines and work in the vineyard. In April 2004 a vine path with 23 information boards was opened on the Leutschen in Freienbach.

In many places, only the stately wine-growing houses with their large cellars, wells, hallway and street names, crumbling vineyards and abandoned vineyards are reminiscent of the winegrowing culture.

In the poem Auf dem See , written by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in 1775 , the last line describes the vines on Lake Zurich as a ripening fruit .

literature

  • Andres M. Altwegg: From viticulture on Lake Zurich: Structure and changes in a vineyard since 1850 . Good, Stäfa 1980.
  • Susanna Brupbacher: Viticulture on Lake Zurich 1200 to 1500 . Zurich 2001.
  • Regula Rohner-Egli: The viticulture on the shores of Lake Zurich and especially in Stäfa - a cultural-geographic representation . Juris, Zurich 1976.
  • Hans Bättig; Zurich Farmers' Association. Viticulture Commission: Vines & Wine in the Canton of Zurich . ed. by the Viticulture Commission of the Zurich Farmers' Association, Zurich 1996.
  • Association of alumni of the Küsnacht seminar: Küsnachter Weinbüchlein . 1971.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Walter Eggenberger: Swiss Wine Atlas . Pharos-Verlag, Basel 1982, p. 52 f .
  2. ↑ a b c d e Hans Bättig; Zurich Farmers' Association. Viticulture Commission: Vines & Wine in the Canton of Zurich . ed. by the Viticulture Commission of the Zurich Farmers' Association, Zurich 1996, p. 16 f .
  3. ^ Regula Rohner-Egli: The viticulture on the shores of Lake Zurich and especially in Stäfa - a cultural-geographic representation . Juris, Zurich 1976, p. 101 .
  4. ↑ a b c d e f Kurt Pfenninger: Vines and Wine on Lake Zurich . Separate printing. In: Yearbook from Lake Zurich 1962/63 . Stäfa 1962, p. 1-8 .
  5. ↑ a b c d e Susanna Brupbacher: Viticulture on Lake Zurich 1200 to 1500 . Zurich 2001, p. 11, 17 f .
  6. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Andres M. Altwegg: From viticulture on Lake Zurich: Structure and changes in a vineyard since 1850 . Gut, Stäfa 1980, p. 13-18 .
  7. ↑ a b c d e f Kurt Pfenninger: Vines and Wine on Lake Zurich . In: Yearbook of the Association for the Protection of the Landscape at Lake Zurich 1962/1963 Stäfa AG . S. 2 ff .
  8. ^ A b c d Walter Eggenberger: Swiss Wine Atlas . Pharos-Verlag, Basel 1982, p. 159 .
  9. ↑ a b c d Kurt Pfenninger: Vines and Wine on Lake Zurich . In: Yearbook of the Association for the Protection of the Landscape at Lake Zurich 1962/1963 Stäfa AG . S. 1 .
  10. ↑ a b c d e f g h Kurt Pfenninger: Vines and Wine on Lake Zurich . In: Yearbook of the Association for the Protection of the Landscape at Lake Zurich 1962/1963 Stäfa AG . S. 5 f .
  11. ↑ a b Regula Rohner-Egli: The viticulture on the shores of Lake Zurich and especially in Stäfa - a cultural-geographic representation . Juris, Zurich 1976, p. 12 f .
  12. ↑ a b c d Association of alumni of the Küsnacht seminar: Küsnachter Weinbüchlein . 1971, p. 7-10 .
  13. ↑ a b Regula Rohner-Egli: The viticulture on the shores of Lake Zurich and especially in Stäfa - a cultural-geographic representation . Juris, Zurich 1976, p. 14 ff .
  14. ^ Association of alumni of the Küsnacht seminar: Küsnachter Weinbüchlein . 1971, p. 16 .
  15. ↑ a b Association of Alumni of the Küsnacht Seminar: Küsnachter Weinbüchlein . 1971, p. 11 .
  16. ^ Association of alumni of the Küsnacht seminar: Küsnachter Weinbüchlein . 1971, p. 14 f .
  17. ↑ a b c d e f Photographs: Werner Sutter; Introductory texts: Prof. Dr. Peter Ziegler: Au Peninsula - natural improvisations on Lake Zurich . Stutz Druck AG, Wädenswil 2009, The viticulture.
  18. ^ A b c Association for the Protection of the Landscape at Lake Zurich: Yearbook of Lake Zurich 1954–1955 . 1954, Viticulture on the Au Peninsula, p. 57-63 .
  19. ^ A b c Association for the Protection of the Landscape at Lake Zurich: Yearbook of Lake Zurich 1954–1955 . 1954, On the history of the Au Peninsula, p. 54 ff .
  20. ↑ a b c d e f g h Association of alumni of the Küsnacht seminar: Küsnachter Weinbüchlein . 1971, p. 18 ff .
  21. ^ Andres M. Altwegg: From viticulture on Lake Zurich: Structure and changes in a vineyard since 1850 . Gut, Stäfa 1980, p. 45 .
  22. ^ Andres M. Altwegg: From viticulture on Lake Zurich: Structure and changes in a vineyard since 1850 . Gut, Stäfa 1980, p. 22 .
  23. ^ Andres M. Altwegg: From viticulture on Lake Zurich: Structure and changes in a vineyard since 1850 . Gut, Stäfa 1980, p. 32 .
  24. ^ Municipality of Horgen (ed.): Horgner year booklet 1982: The Käpfnacher mine . Horgen 1982, pp. 46-48.
  25. ^ A b c Kurt Pfenninger: Vines and Wine on Lake Zurich (separate print) . Separate printing. In: Yearbook from Lake Zurich 1962/63 . Stäfa 1962, p. 24 f .
  26. ^ Regula Rohner-Egli: The viticulture on the shores of Lake Zurich and especially in Stäfa - a cultural-geographic representation . Juris, Zurich 1976, p. 68 .
  27. ↑ a b c Walter Eggenberger: Swiss Wine Atlas . Pharos-Verlag, Basel 1982, p. 192 f .
  28. ↑ a b c d e Andres M. Altwegg: From viticulture on Lake Zurich: Structure and changes in a vineyard since 1850 . Gut, Stäfa 1980, p. 49 ff .
  29. ↑ a b Andres M. Altwegg: On viticulture on Lake Zurich: Structure and changes in a vineyard since 1850 . Gut, Stäfa 1980, p. 54 .
  30. ^ History of the Wädenswil site. In: Agroscope - Historical. Archived from the original on January 27, 2012 ; Retrieved May 11, 2012 .
  31. ↑ a b c The Canton of Zurich and its wine regions. In: Ernesto Pauli's Weinlexikon. Retrieved August 18, 2011 .
  32. ↑ a b Walter Eggenberger: Swiss Wine Atlas . Pharos-Verlag, Basel 1982, p. 166-169 .
  33. ^ A b c Kurt Pfenninger: Vines and Wine on Lake Zurich . Separate printing. In: Yearbook from Lake Zurich 1962/63 . Stäfa 1962, p. 20 ff .
  34. ↑ Züriseewi: About us. (No longer available online.) In: Weinbauverein am Zürichsee. Archived from the original on May 22, 2012 ; Retrieved April 26, 2012 .
  35. ↑ Teaching and experimental operation Rebberg Peninsula Au ( Memento from December 7, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
  36. ↑ a b c d Regula Rohner-Egli: Viticulture on the shores of Lake Zurich and in particular in Stäfa - a cultural-geographic representation . Juris, Zurich 1976, p. 104 ff .
  37. ↑ a b Andres M. Altwegg: On viticulture on Lake Zurich: Structure and changes in a vineyard since 1850 . Gut, Stäfa 1980, p. 40 ff .
  38. ^ Ernst Peyer, Walter Eggenberger: Wine book . Swiss Wirteverband Zürich, Zürich 1973, p. 39 .
  39. ↑ Hans Bättig; Zurich Farmers' Association. Viticulture Commission: Vines & Wine in the Canton of Zurich . ed. by the Viticulture Commission of the Zurich Farmers' Association, Zurich 1996, p. 26 .
  40. ↑ a b Regula Rohner-Egli: The viticulture on the shores of Lake Zurich and especially in Stäfa - a cultural-geographic representation . Juris, Zurich 1976, p. 107 f .
  41. ↑ a b c Andres M. Altwegg: From viticulture on Lake Zurich: Structure and changes in a vineyard since 1850 . Gut, Stäfa 1980, p. 35 f .
  42. ↑ a b c Walter Eggenberger: Swiss Wine Atlas . Pharos-Verlag, Basel 1982, p. 160 .
  43. ^ A b c Kurt Pfenninger: Vines and Wine on Lake Zurich . In: Yearbook of the Association for the Protection of the Landscape at Lake Zurich 1962/1963 Stäfa AG . S. 12 f .
  44. ↑ a b c Andres M. Altwegg: From viticulture on Lake Zurich: Structure and changes in a vineyard since 1850 . Gut, Stäfa 1980, p. 52 f .
  45. ^ A b c Kurt Pfenninger: Vines and Wine on Lake Zurich . Separate printing. In: Yearbook from Lake Zurich 1962/63 . Stäfa 1962, p. 23 .
  46. ^ A b Kurt Pfenninger: Vines and Wine on Lake Zurich . Separate printing. In: Yearbook from Lake Zurich 1962/63 . Stäfa 1962, p. 18 f .
  47. ↑ a b Walter Eggenberger: Swiss Wine Atlas . Pharos-Verlag, Basel 1982, p. 33 f .
  48. ^ Kurt Pfenninger: Vines and Wine on Lake Zurich . In: Yearbook of the Association for the Protection of the Landscape at Lake Zurich 1962/1963 Stäfa AG . S. 17 f .
  49. ↑ a b Susanna Brupbacher: Viticulture on Lake Zurich 1200 to 1500 . Zurich 2001, p. 105 .
  50. ↑ The vine trail. In: Municipality of Freienbach. Retrieved June 8, 2012 .
  51. ↑ Johann Wolfgang von Goethe - On the lake (interpretation). In: antibodies - poetry database. Retrieved July 5, 2012 .