Benjamin Peary Pal: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
added cat People from Punjab Province
 
(24 intermediate revisions by 17 users not shown)
Line 3: Line 3:
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox scientist
{{Infobox scientist
| name =
| name =
| native_name =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| native_name_lang =
| image = [[download%20(2)%20-%20Copy.jfif]]
| image = Benjamin Peary Pal 2008 stamp of India.jpg
| alt =
| alt =
| caption =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date |1909|05|26|df=y}}
| birth_date = {{birth date |1906|05|26|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Calcutta]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]] (present-day [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| birth_place = [[Mukandpur]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age |1996|09|14|1909|05|26|df=y}}
| death_date = {{death date and age |1989|09|14|1906|05|26|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Trenton, New Jersey|Trenton]], [[New Jersey]], [[USA]].
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| death_cause =
| resting_place =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = <!--{{coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}-->
| resting_place_coordinates = <!--{{coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}-->
| other_names =
| other_names =
| residence =
| residence =
| citizenship = Canada <br> United States
| citizenship =
| nationality =
| nationality =
| fields = [[Plant breeding]]
| fields = [[Plant breeding]]
| workplaces = [[Thomas Edison State University]] <br> [[University of Toronto]] <br> [[University of Liverpool]]
| workplaces = [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research]]
| patrons =
| patrons =
| education =
| education =
| alma_mater = <nowiki>{{Plainlist|</nowiki>
| alma_mater = {{Plainlist|
* [[University of Calcutta]] (BSc, MSc)
* [[Rangoon University]] (BSc, MSc)
* [[University of Liverpool]]
* [[University of Cambridge]] (PhD)}}
⚫
| thesis_title = <!--(or | thesis1_title = and | thesis2_title = )-->
* [[Toronto University]] (PhD)
| thesis_title = <!--(or | thesis1_title = and | thesis2_title = )-->
| thesis_url = <!--(or | thesis1_url = and | thesis2_url = )-->
| thesis_url = <!--(or | thesis1_url = and | thesis2_url = )-->
| thesis_year = <!--(or | thesis1_year = and | thesis2_year = )-->
⚫
| doctoral_advisor = [[Rowland Biffen]], [[Frank Engledow]]
⚫
| thesis_year = <!--(or | thesis1_year = and | thesis2_year = )-->
⚫
| doctoral_advisor = [[Rowland Biffen]], [[Frank Engledow]]
| academic_advisors =
| academic_advisors =
| doctoral_students =
| doctoral_students = [[J. Ernest Wilkins Jr]]. <br> [[George E. Smith]] <br> [[Herman Sokol]] <br> [[Ylvia A. Earle]] <br> [[Vijay Vazirani]]
| notable_students =
| notable_students =
| known_for = Plant Medicine <br> Pal Medicine <br> Pal Chemistry
| known_for =
| influences =
| influences =
| influenced =
| influenced =
| awards = {{Plainlist|
| awards = [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]] <br> [[Nobel Prize for Chemistry]] (1977) <br> [[Padma Vibhushan]]<nowiki> (1989)}}</nowiki>
* [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]]<ref name="frs">{{Cite journal|last1=Swaminathan|first1=M. S.|year=1996|title=Benjamin Peary Pal 26 May 1906 – 14 September 1989|journal=[[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]]|volume=42|pages=266–274|doi=10.1098/rsbm.1996.0017|author-link1=M. S. Swaminathan}}</ref>
⚫
| spouse = <!--(or | spouses = )-->
* [[Padma Vibhushan]] (1987)}}
| partner = <!--(or | partners = )-->
| children =
| spouse = <!--(or | spouses = )-->
| signature = <!--(filename only)-->
| partner = <!--(or | partners = )-->
| signature_alt =
| children =
| website = <!--{{URL|www.example.com}}-->
| signature = <!--(filename only)-->
| footnotes =
| signature_alt =
⚫
| website = <!--{{URL|www.example.com}}-->
| footnotes =
}}
}}
'''Benjamin Peary Pal''' or '''B.P. Pal''' [[Royal Society|FRS]] (26 May 1909 – 14 September 1996) was an [[Indo-Canadians|Indian Canadian]] [[Indian American|American]] plant breeder and chemistry worker who served as a scientist in [[Thomas Edison State University]] in New Jersey, USA. He was Awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1977 He worked on wheat genetics and breeding but was also known for his interest in rose varieties.He worked in Toronto (1932 - 1944) and Treonton (1945 - 1996). <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.iisc.ernet.in/insa/ch21.pdf | title=Agriculture | publisher=.iisc.ernet.in | access-date=30 August 2015}}</ref>
'''Benjamin Peary Pal''' or '''B. P. Pal''' [[Royal Society|FRS]] (26 May 1906 – 14 September 1989) was an Indian plant breeder and agronomist who served as a director of the [[Indian Agricultural Research Institute]] in Delhi and as the first Director General of the [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research]]. He worked on wheat genetics and breeding but was also known for his interest in rose varieties.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.iisc.ernet.in/insa/ch21.pdf | title=Agriculture | publisher=.iisc.ernet.in | access-date=30 August 2015 | archive-date=27 January 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127114450/http://www.iisc.ernet.in/insa/ch21.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref>


==Biography==
He was the one who invented Plant Medicine. that work was published in 1947. He did his studies in [[Liverpool]]. He got a letter to go to [[Liverpool]].
⚫
Pal was born in Mukandpur, the youngest child of Dr Rala Ram and Inder Devi. The family came from [[Jalandhar]] but his father moved to Burma as a medical officer. He was born ''' Brahma Das Pal''' but changed his name to Benjamin Peary Pal while at St Michael's School in Maymyo in 1914. A rose garden at the school may have inspired his early interest in them. He completed his [[Bachelor of Science]] and [[Master of Science]] degrees at [[Rangoon University]], with a study on Burmese Charophyta for his master's. He then went for his doctoral studies at the [[University of Cambridge]] under [[Rowland Biffen]] and later [[Frank Engledow]], studying hybrid vigour in wheat.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.insaindia.org/deceaseddetail.php?id=N460536 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924035132/http://www.insaindia.org/deceaseddetail.php?id=N460536 | url-status=dead | archive-date=24 September 2015 | title=Dr Benjamin Peary Pal | publisher=[[Indian National Science Academy]] | access-date=30 August 2015 }}</ref> He then worked as a rice research officer in Burma in 1932 and then moved to Pusa in Bihar as a second economic botanist. He became an Imperial Economic Botanist at the Imperial Agricultural Research Institute in 1937. In 1936, the institute moved to New Delhi following an earthquake. He moved there and became the director of the institute in September 1950. In 1954, after 18 years of research, he developed the 'NP 809' wheat. This variety of wheat could combat all three types of rust (a crop disease). He became the first director-general of the newly reorganized [[Indian Council for Agricultural Research]] in 1965 and worked there until his retirement in 1972. Pal worked on rust resistance in wheat and helped release several varieties.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Swaminathan|first=M. S.|date=1996|title=Benjamin Peary Pal. 26 May 1906-14 September 1989|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/770209|journal=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society|volume=42|pages=267–274|issn=0080-4606}}</ref>
==Early Life and Education==
⚫
Pal was born in [[Calcutta]], the youngest child of Dr Rala Ram Pal and Inder Devi. The family came from [[Calcutta]] but his father moved to Burma as a medical officer. He was born '''Brahma Das Pal''' but changed his name to Benjamin Peary Pal while at Calcutta High School in Calcutta in 1924. A rose garden at the school may have inspired his early interest in them. He completed his [[Bachelor of Science]] and [[Master of Science]] degrees at [[Rangoon University]], with a study on Burmese Charophyta for his master's. He then went for his doctoral studies at the [[University of Liverpool]] under [[Rowland Biffen]] and later [[Frank Engledow]], studying hybrid vigour in wheat.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.insaindia.org/deceaseddetail.php?id=N460536 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924035132/http://www.insaindia.org/deceaseddetail.php?id=N460536 | url-status=dead | archive-date=24 September 2015 | title=Dr Benjamin Peary Pal | publisher=[[Indian National Science Academy]] | access-date=30 August 2015 }}</ref>

== University of Liverpool ==

He then worked as a rice research officer in England in 1932. He did work there and thinking. Sometimes, [[Rowland Biffen|Biffen]] didn't Undestand his work, but turns out it was great. He passed his digrees there in Liverpool.


Pal founded the Rose and Bougainvillea Societies of India, the Indian Society of Genetics and Plant Breeding while also serving as the editor of its journal.
Pal founded the Rose and Bougainvillea Societies of India, the Indian Society of Genetics and Plant Breeding while also serving as the editor of its journal.

== Carrer ==
===Toronto, Canada===
In 1932, Pal moved to Canada and met [[Herbert Marshall McLuhan]]. They did projects to and met. He worked at Toronto University. He spent 12 years there in Canada.

===Trenton, USA===
In Trenton, he was working in Thomas Edison state University in New Jersey. He made the Plat Medicine. He met with [[James Waddell Alexander II]] as his boss. The scientist he met was [[Horace M. Trent]]. He did lot of great chemistry work.


==Awards and honours==
==Awards and honours==
He was elected a [[List of Fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1972|Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1972]]. He was a bachelor and donated his property to the [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research]].
He was elected a [[List of Fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1972|Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1972]]. He was a bachelor and donated his property to the [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research]].


* Awarded the [[Padma Shri]] in 1959,
* Awarded the [[Padma Shri]] in 1959,
* Awarded [[Padma Bhushan]] in 1968<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf|title=Padma Awards|date=2015|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf|archive-date=15 October 2015|access-date=21 July 2015}}</ref>
* Awarded [[Padma Bhushan]] in 1968<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf|title=Padma Awards|date=2015|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf|archive-date=15 October 2015|access-date=21 July 2015}}</ref>
A rose garden in from the library at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute is named in his honour.<ref name=":0" />
A rose garden from the library at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute is named in his honour.<ref name=":0" />

In 1977, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry with [[Ilya Prigogine]]

==Death==
Pal died on 14 September, 1996 at the age 87 in Trenton, New Jersey.


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
== External links ==
* [http://insaindia.res.in/detail/N46-0536 INSA biography]
* [http://insaindia.res.in/detail/N46-0536 INSA biography]
Line 88: Line 73:


{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Science & Engineering}}
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Science & Engineering}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pal, Benjamin Peary}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pal, Benjamin Peary}}
[[Category:1906 births]]
[[Category:1906 births]]
Line 101: Line 87:
[[Category:20th-century Indian biologists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian biologists]]
[[Category:Scientists from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Scientists from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:20th-century agronomists]]
[[Category:People from Punjab Province (British India)]]

Latest revision as of 22:56, 20 March 2024

Benjamin Peary Pal
Born(1906-05-26)26 May 1906
Mukandpur, Punjab, British India
Died14 September 1989(1989-09-14) (aged 83)
Alma mater
Awards
Scientific career
FieldsPlant breeding
InstitutionsIndian Council of Agricultural Research
Doctoral advisorRowland Biffen, Frank Engledow

Benjamin Peary Pal or B. P. Pal FRS (26 May 1906 – 14 September 1989) was an Indian plant breeder and agronomist who served as a director of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute in Delhi and as the first Director General of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research. He worked on wheat genetics and breeding but was also known for his interest in rose varieties.[2]

Biography[edit]

Pal was born in Mukandpur, the youngest child of Dr Rala Ram and Inder Devi. The family came from Jalandhar but his father moved to Burma as a medical officer. He was born Brahma Das Pal but changed his name to Benjamin Peary Pal while at St Michael's School in Maymyo in 1914. A rose garden at the school may have inspired his early interest in them. He completed his Bachelor of Science and Master of Science degrees at Rangoon University, with a study on Burmese Charophyta for his master's. He then went for his doctoral studies at the University of Cambridge under Rowland Biffen and later Frank Engledow, studying hybrid vigour in wheat.[3] He then worked as a rice research officer in Burma in 1932 and then moved to Pusa in Bihar as a second economic botanist. He became an Imperial Economic Botanist at the Imperial Agricultural Research Institute in 1937. In 1936, the institute moved to New Delhi following an earthquake. He moved there and became the director of the institute in September 1950. In 1954, after 18 years of research, he developed the 'NP 809' wheat. This variety of wheat could combat all three types of rust (a crop disease). He became the first director-general of the newly reorganized Indian Council for Agricultural Research in 1965 and worked there until his retirement in 1972. Pal worked on rust resistance in wheat and helped release several varieties.[4]

Pal founded the Rose and Bougainvillea Societies of India, the Indian Society of Genetics and Plant Breeding while also serving as the editor of its journal.

Awards and honours[edit]

He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1972. He was a bachelor and donated his property to the Indian Council of Agricultural Research.

A rose garden from the library at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute is named in his honour.[4]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Swaminathan, M. S. (1996). "Benjamin Peary Pal 26 May 1906 – 14 September 1989". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 42: 266–274. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1996.0017.
  2. ^ "Agriculture" (PDF). .iisc.ernet.in. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 January 2018. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
  3. ^ "Dr Benjamin Peary Pal". Indian National Science Academy. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
  4. ^ a b Swaminathan, M. S. (1996). "Benjamin Peary Pal. 26 May 1906-14 September 1989". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 42: 267–274. ISSN 0080-4606.
  5. ^ "Padma Awards" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 October 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2015.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Peary_Pal&oldid=1214751830"