Dubai

This article covers the city. For the emirate of the same name, see Dubai (emirate) .

The neutrality of this article or section is disputed. A reason is given on the discussion page . You can get more information here .

دبي Dubai
Dubai
Coordinates	25 ° 16 ′  N , 55 ° 18 ′  E Coordinates: 25 ° 16 ′  N , 55 ° 18 ′  E
Symbols
coat of arms flag
Basic data
Country	United Arab Emirates
emirate	Dubai
Residents	3,103,000 (August 2018)
Website	www.dm.gov.ae/wps/portal/MyHomeEn (English)
City center skyline with Burj Khalifa , 2015

Palm island "The Palm, Jumeirah"

Dubai night aerial view

Luxury hotel & resort " Atlantis The Palm, Dubai "

Beach in Jumeirah

Dubai ( Arabic دبي Dubayy ) is the largest city in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) on the Persian Gulf and the capital of the Emirate of Dubai .

Approx. 85% of the emirate's inhabitants (3,103,000 inhabitants in mid-2018) live in the city of Dubai (sometimes referred to as “Dubai-Stadt” or “Dubai-City” to distinguish it from the emirate of Dubai). A precise survey is complicated because the fluctuations caused by migration are large, as tens of thousands of residents are added each year as labor migrants or immigrants. Almost the entire economic, social, cultural and political life of the emirate takes place in Dubai. Since 2013, Dubai has been one of the most visited cities in the world with up to 14 million foreign tourists annually. In 2016, Dubai had 15.3 million visitors, making it fourth in the world. At over $ 31 billion, it also had the highest tourism income of any city.

Dubai City is located on the northern edge of the Emirate of Dubai and is divided by the Dubai Creek , a 100 to 1,300 meter wide and approximately 14 kilometer long bay of the Persian Gulf . The then independent cities of Deira used to be here on the north and Bur Dubai on the south. Bridges are a bit away from the town center; Pedestrians are transported to the opposite side by small passenger ferries ( Abras ).

The city extends mainly to the south along Jumeirah Beach and Sheikh Zayed Road , as Dubai borders directly on the Emirate of Sharjah in the north .

Thanks to a decade-long construction boom, Dubai is the city with the world's highest number of skyscrapers , over 300 meters high, and the tallest building in the world (Burj Khalifa, 828 meters). Dubai is a global trade center and has the world's third largest airport in terms of passenger volume (as of 2017) and the tenth largest port in terms of container handling (2018: 14.95 million TEU). In a ranking of the most important financial centers worldwide, Dubai took 19th place (as of 2018).

traffic

Long-distance transport

The Dubai International Airport (DXB) is the most important airport in the Middle East . It extends to the north of Deira, about 5 kilometers from Dubai Creek. In 2010 a new airport (at Jebel Ali ) was opened in Dubai , the Dubai World Central International Airport . This should initially only support Dubai International Airport with a maximum capacity to be gradually expanded to possibly 160 million passengers per year (as of the end of 2018). Dubai is the headquarters of the emirate-owned airline Emirates .

In addition, Dubai has the most important transshipment point on the Persian Gulf in the man-made Jebel Ali seaport with 92,513 million tons of cargo handled (2005). Trend: upwards, especially container handling in connection with the huge free trade zones around Jebel Ali (2018: 14.95 million  TEU ). The highly automated container terminal  4 is due to go into operation at the end of 2019 , while Terminal 1 is to be closed for revision. Both merchant and passenger ships call at Dubai. The latter are handled in the older Port Rashid port, which is close to the city. The most important ferry connections lead from there to Doha , Manama , Kuwait City and Muscat . The regional “small” maritime traffic with traditional dhows from the berths on the creek is still significant, albeit in a relatively declining manner . It is usually carried out close to the coast with small cargo (e.g. consumer goods) in the entire Persian Gulf, via Oman and Yemen to the Middle Red Sea, to East Africa and Pakistan as well as western India to around Goa with daring seafarers.

Dubai is connected to Abu Dhabi, Sharjah , Hatta and Al-Ain by highways.

city ​​traffic

Dubai is a car city like hardly any other city in Asia: In mid-2010, 1.022 million vehicles were registered for around 1.8 million inhabitants. Since most of the migrant workers do not own a vehicle, the passenger cars are concentrated on people and families with middle or higher incomes, there are many vehicle owners with second and multiple vehicles. Road traffic in the dense, older part of Dubai is very heavy, traffic jams and longer periods of standstill are the rule. For the most part, there is only service at the petrol stations, because the high temperatures mean that customers do not want to get out of the air-conditioned cars.

The Roads and Transport Authority (RTA) is responsible for the construction of new roads as well as local public transport .

In order to counteract the increasingly dense motor vehicle traffic, the RTA introduced the automated toll system Salik on certain routes in July 2007 . Every vehicle that passes the toll roads and bridges requires a Salik sticker with a credit on the front window pane. The vehicles are registered via toll bridges and the toll (4  dirhams per trip) is debited electronically. Vehicle owners are informed via SMS shortly before their Salik account is used up.

Abra over Dubai Creek

Transportation

In addition to buses, Dubai has a metro, a tram system and a monorail.

Local public transport is equipped with a dense network of bus routes, and it is inexpensive to use. A special feature are the 800 waiting rooms at a total of over 1000 bus stops, which were introduced at the beginning of 2008 (September 2010) and are air-conditioned at 22 degrees Celsius. The bus system has 1,300 modern vehicles that drive around 300,000 kilometers a day.

The driverless operated Dubai Metro , built in four years, was partially opened in September 2009. The metro connects Dubai International Airport with the city center (red line) ; after further expansion, a connection to Dubai World Central International Airport will follow. The second central line in Deira and Bur Dubai (green line) opened in September 2011 with 16 new stations and 23 route kilometers. In autumn 2010, the transport authorities reported that public transport accounted for eleven percent of total traffic.

Due to the lack of bridges close to the city, people are transported in the closer inner city over the front Dubai Creek with Abras , small wooden boats for up to approx. 20 people. During the day, an abra leaves every few minutes, a trip takes less than 10 minutes and costs 1 dirham.

The Dubai Monorail , whose first branch line leads to The Palm, Jumeirah , is not included in the RTA tariff system .

There is also the Dubai Trolley , a short, single-track tram with a vintage look, but which was mainly built as a tourist attraction. There are plans to extend the route and connect it to the general transport network.

panorama

and display information about the image

View of the Dubai skyline

Culture and sights

skyscraper

→ Main article : List of tallest buildings in Dubai

In the vicinity of Dubai (40 km radius) at the beginning of 2008 there were around 150 skyscrapers that are over 150 m high, about 60 other skyscrapers that are over 200 m high and six skyscrapers that are over 300 m high. These are the Almas Tower with 360 m, the two Emirates Towers with 355 and 305 m, the Rose Tower with 333 m, the Burj al Arab with 321 m and the highest building in the world , the Burj Khalifa with 828 m. About twenty more skyscrapers with a height of over 300 m are planned or under construction.

theatre

The smaller Madinat Theater is right next to the Burj al Arab. Concerts are staged here, the Dubai International Film Festival takes place here, but also opera or ballet performances such as Swan Lake or the Vienna Opera Ball in Dubai .

There is also the Streetwise Theater from London in the Crown Plaza Hotel .

Museums

At the entrance to Dubai Creek - near the estuary - the Al Schindagha district is located on a headland . Here in the north of Bur Dubai, the Heritage and Diving Village was established by the government in 1997 . The museum village in the style of an Arab settlement is intended to convey the culture, history and tradition of Dubai to the visitor.

"Heritage Village"

Originally, stone houses from the mountain and desert regions, Bedouin tents, traditional "wind tower houses", market stalls, spice shops and many other attractions and lifestyles of the residents have been recreated. The residents of Dubai are also interested in visiting these historic villages.

"Diving Village"

In the “Pearl Village” traditional souks , photo exhibitions about pearl fishing, dhows - some of them in original size - and a large water basin, in which the diving techniques of pearl fishermen are demonstrated, await the guest before this traditional branch of business is completely forgotten.

The al-Fahidi fort in the center of Dubai

Dubai Museum

The Dubai Museum is located near the old town in the former fortress al-Fahidi-Fort and offers an overview of historical life in Dubai before the oil boom. Near the Dubai Museum there is a settlement of former Persian trading houses that have been renovated and some of which can be visited.

trips

Guided desert tour in the Emirate of Dubai

Souk

fish market

Many providers offer organized tours into the desert outside the city, with overnight stays in tents if desired.

Other sights

In the city center these are above all the Dubai Creek with the old dhows and the spice market, where spices from all over the world are sold. There are numerous small jewelry stores in the gold market. This has old wooden facades and has a typical oriental atmosphere with the traders and porters. The more modern Souq al Bahar is located in Dubai Downtown next to the Dubai Mall. The Souq al Bahar and the Dubai Mall together with the Burj Khalifa form a triangle, in the middle of which the Dubai Fountains offer a water-light-music spectacle every evening. From there you can also see the luxury hotel "The Address" .

On the south side of the creek is the renovated old town of Bur Dubai, the Old Souk ("old market"). To the west of it in front of the new port is the reconstruction of the ornate old ruler's palace with a museum.

The Palm Jumeirah is currently the only palm island in Dubai that can be visited. Worth seeing is the luxury hotel and resort Atlantis The Palm, Dubai , an imposing hotel building with the theme of the sunken city of Atlantis . The Aquapark Aquaventure is connected to the hotel complex.

The large number of shopping centers make Dubai a shoppers paradise, but it is expensive. There are also numerous boutiques of premium brands from the fashion world. Classic shopping streets play a subordinate role: most shops are located in American-style malls . The largest shopping malls in the city are the Mall of the Emirates and the Dubai Mall . There are also a large number of others, such as the 'Ibn Battuta Mall' (Ibn Battuta = "son of Battuta"). It is divided into different countries and regions and decorated according to each country. It is also provided with a lot of information about the different countries and the discoverer Ibn Battuta .

The Jumeirah Beach Park is a beach park, which is visited not only by tourists but also by the Emiratis. Cameras and revealing swimwear are prohibited on the beach for religious reasons.

The Miracle Garden Dubai is the world's largest, horizontal, colorful flower garden with around 45 million blooming flowers. It is outside the centers in the northwest.

Dubai is also known for its Emirates Golf Club , which hosts a PGA tournament ( Dubai Desert Classic ) every year.

Administrative division

Dubai is divided into nine sectors.

• Sector 1–4 and 6: urban
• Sector 7 and 9: agricultural
• Sector 8: The luxurious 5-star Jebel Ali Hotel and Golf Resort is located there

In addition, Dubai's new airport, Dubai World Central International Airport, is currently being built in Jebel Ali . Each sector is divided into so-called communities of different sizes with so-called main streets that form the borders. There are currently 132 of these communities.

Community	number	Community (Arabic)		Community	number	Community (Arabic)
Abu Hail	126	أبو هيل		Al Warqa'a Fifth	425	الورقاء الخامسة
Al Awir First	711	العوير الأولى		Al Warqa'a First	421	الورقاء الأولى
Al Awir Second	721	العوير الثانية		Al Warqa'a Fourth	424	الورقاء الرابعة
Al Bada'a	333	البدع		Al Warqa'a Second	422	الورقاء الثانية
Al Baraha	122	البراحة		Al Warqa'a Third	423	الورقاء الثالثة
Al Barsha First	373	البرشاء الأولى		Al Wasl	343	الوصل
Al Barsha Second	376	البرشاء الثانية		Al Wuheida	132	الوحيدة
Al Barsha South First	671	البرشاء جنوب الاولى		Aleyas	283	العياص
Al Barsha South Second	672	البرشاء جنوب الثانية		Ayal Nasir	116	عيال ناصر
Al Barsha South Third	673	البرشاء جنوب الثالثة		Bu Kadra	611	بو كدرة
Al Barsha Third	375	البرشاء الثالثة		Corniche Deira	121	كورنيش ديرة
Al Buteen	114	البطين		Dubai International Airport	221	مطار دبي الدولي
Al Daghaya	113	الضغاية		Dubai Investment Park First	598	مجمع دبي للاستثمار الأول
Al Garhoud	214	القرهود		Dubai Investment Park Second	597	مجمع دبي للاستثمار الثاني
Al Guoz Fourth	359	القوز الرابعة		Emirates Hill First	393	تلال الإمارات الأولى
Al Hamriya	313	الحمرية		Emirates Hill Second	388	تلال الإمارات الثانية
Al Hamriya Port	131	ميناء الحمرية		Emirates Hill Third	394	تلال الامارات الثالثة
Al Hudaiba	322	الحضيبة		Hatta	891	حتا
Al Jadaf	326	الجداف		Hor Al No.	127	هور العنز
Al Jafiliya	323	الجافلية		Hor Al Anz East	133	هور العنز شرق
Al Karama	318	الكرامة		Jebel Ali	383	جبل علي
Al Khabaisi	128	الخبيصي		Jebel Ali	384	جبل علي
Al Khwaneej First	281	الخوانيج الأولى		Jebel Ali Industrial	599	جبل علي الصناعية
Al Khwaneej Second	282	الخوانيج الثانية		Jebel Ali Palm	50	نخلة جبل علي
Al Kifaf	324	الكفاف		Jumeira First	332	جميرا الأولى
Al Mamzar	134	الممزر		Jumeira Palm	381	نخلة جميرا
Al Manara	363	المنارة		Jumeira Second	342	جميرا الثانية
Al Merkad	347	المركاض		Jumeira Third	352	جميرا الثالثة
Al Mina	321	الميناء		Mankhool	317	منخول
Al Mizhar First	262	المزهر الأولى		Marsa Dubai	392	مرسى دبي
Al Mizhar Second	263	المزهر الثانية		Mirdif	251	مردف
Al Muraqqabat	124	المرقبات		Muhaisanah Fourth	245	محيصنة الرابعة
Al Murar	117	المرر		Muhaisanah Second	264	محيصنة الثانية
Al Muteena	123	المطينة		Muhaisanah Third	244	محيصنة الثالثة
Al Nahda First	231	النهدة الأولى		Muhaisnah First	261	محيصنة الأولى
Al Nahda Second	241	النهدة الثانية		Mushrif	252	مشرف
Al Quoz First	354	القوز الاولى		Nadd Al Hamar	416	ند الحمر
Al Quoz Industrial First	364	القوز الصناعية الأولى		Nadd Al Shiba Fourth	617	ند الشبا الرابعة
Al Quoz Industrial Fourth	369	القوز الصناعية الرابعة		Nadd Al Shiba Second	615	ند الشبا الثانية
Al Quoz Industrial Second	365	القوز الصناعية الثانية		Nadd Al Shiba Third	616	ند الشبا الثالثة
Al Quoz Industrial Third	368	القوز الصناعية الثالثة		Nadd Shamma	213	ند شما
Al Quoz Second	355	القوز الثانية		Naif	118	نايف
Al Quoz Third	358	القوز الثالثة		Oud Al Muteena First	265	عود المطينة الأولى
Al Qusais First	232	القصيص الأولى		Oud Al Muteena Second	266	عود المطينة الثانية
Al Qusais Industrial Fifth	248	القصيص الصناعية الخامسة		Oud metha	319	عود ميثاء
Al Qusais Industrial First	242	القصيص الصناعية الأولى		Port Saeed	129	بور سعيد
Al Qusais Industrial Fourth	247	القصيص الصناعية الرابعة		Ranches	600	مرابع
Al Qusai's Industrial Second	243	القصيص الصناعية الثانية		Ras Al Khor	411	رأس الخور
Al Qusai's Industrial Third	246	القصيص الصناعية الثالثة		Ras Al Khor Industrial First	612	رأس الخور الصناعية الأولى
Al Qusai's Second	233	القصيص الثانية		Ras Al Khor Industrial Second	613	رأس الخور الصناعية الثانية
Al Qusai's Third	234	القصيص الثالثة		Ras Al Khor Industrial Third	614	رأس الخور الصناعية الثالثة
Al Raffa	316	الرفاعة		Riggat Al Buteen	125	رقة البطين
Al Ras	112	الراس		Trade Center First	335	المركز التجاري الأولى
Al Rashidiya	216	الراشدية		Trade Center Second	336	المركز التجاري الثانية
Al Rigga	119	الرقة		Umm Al Sheif	367	أم الشيف
Al Sabkha	115	السبخة		Umm Hurair First	314	أم هرير الأولى
Al Safa First	353	الصفا الأولى		Umm Hurair Second	315	أم هرير الثانية
Al Safa Second	357	الصفا الثانية		Umm Ramool	215	أم رمول
Al Safouh First	372	الصفوح الأولى		Umm Suqeim First	356	أم سقيم الأولى
Al Safouh Second	382	الصفوح الثانية		Umm Suqeim Second	362	أم سقيم الثانية
Al Satwa	334	السطوة		Umm Suqeim Third	366	أم سقيم الثالثة
Al Shindagha	311	الشندغة		Wadi Alamardi	271	وادي العمردي
Al Souq Al Kabeer	312	السوق الكبير		Warsan First	621	ورسان الاولى
Al Twar First	226	الطوار الأولى		Warsan Second	622	ورسان الثانية
Al Twar Second	227	الطوار الثانية		Za'abeel First	325	زعبيل الأولى
Al Twar Third	228	الطوار الثالثة		Za'abeel Second	337	زعبيل الثانية

Within these communities, streets and houses are numbered. Generally, odd numbered roads are perpendicular to the coast and inland. Straight numbered streets run parallel to the coast and rise as the distance from the creek increases. This process is continued in every community, for example there are numerous streets No. 5 along Jumeirah 1, 2, 3 and the Umm Suqeim 'strip'.

Jumeirah

Jumeirah is a low-rise residential area in Dubai. It stretches about 10 to 15 kilometers from the city center of Dubai to the southwest along the dead straight sandy beach Jumeirah Beach (Jumeirah Beach).

Jumeirah is considered the most expensive residential area in Dubai. Until a few decades ago, only local fishermen lived there; today the huge area consists largely of spacious bungalows and is mainly inhabited by rich locals and European guest workers .

Climate table

Dubai
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.     11   24 14th     36   25th 15th     22nd   28 17th     8th   32 20th     1   37 24     0   39 26th     0   41 29     0   40 29     0   39 26th     0   35 23     2   31 18th     14th   26th 15th Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm Source:

Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Dubai Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 24.0 24.6 27.9 32.4 36.8 38.8 40.6 40.4 38.7 35.1 30.5 26.2 O 33 Min. Temperature (° C) 13.7 14.5 17.0 20.1 23.5 26.1 28.9 29.3 26.3 22.7 18.3 15.4 O 21.4 Precipitation ( mm ) 11 36 22nd 8th 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 14th Σ 94 Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 8.2 8.2 8.2 9.8 11.1 11.4 10.4 10.2 10.3 9.8 9.5 8.2 O 9.6 Rainy days ( d ) 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Σ 7th Water temperature (° C) 22nd 21st 23 25th 27 30th 31 32 32 30th 27 25th O 27.1 Humidity ( % ) 65 65 63 55 53 58 56 57 60 60 61 64 O 59.7 Source:

Town twinning

Dubai lists the following 32 twin cities :

city	country	since
Baghdad	Iraq	2001
Barcelona	Catalonia, Spain	2006
Beirut	Lebanon
Brisbane	Queensland, Australia
Busan	South Korea	2006
Caracas	Distrito Capital, Venezuela
Cheb ( Eger )	Karlovy Vary Region, Czech Republic
Damascus	Syria
Detroit	Michigan, United States	2003
Dundee	Scotland, United Kingdom
Frankfurt am Main	Hessen, Germany	2005
Gandhinagar	Gujarat, India
Geneva	Canton of Geneva, Switzerland
Gold coast	Queensland, Australia	2001
Granada	Andalusia, Spain
Guangzhou	Guangdong, People's Republic of China
Hong Kong	Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
Hyderabad	Telangana, India
Istanbul	Turkey	1997
Kish	Hormozgan, Iran
Kuwait City	Kuwait
los Angeles	California, United States
Monterrey	Nuevo León, Mexico
Moscow	Central Russia, Russia
New York City	New York, United States
Osaka	Kinki, Japan
Paris	Île-de-France, France
Phoenix	Arizona, United States
San Juan	Puerto Rico
Shanghai	People's Republic of China	2009
Tehran	Iran
Tripoli	Libya
Vancouver	British Columbia, Canada

sons and daughters of the town

• Buti bin Suhail (1851–1912), ruler in the Emirate of Dubai
• Said bin Maktum (1878–1958), ruler of Dubai
• Raschid bin Said Al Maktum (1912–1990), firstborn son of Sheikh Said bin Maktum and eighth ruler of the Dubai Emirates
• Maktum bin Raschid Al Maktum (1943–2006), Vice President and Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates and from 1990 until his death Emir of Dubai
• Hamdan bin Raschid Al Maktum (* 1945), Minister of Finance and Industry of the United Arab Emirates
• Muhammad bin Raschid Al Maktum (* 1949), ruler of the Emirate of Dubai and Prime Minister, Minister of Defense and Vice President of the United Arab Emirates
• Ahmed bin Raschid Al Maktum (* 1950), police officer and football official of the Emirate of Dubai
• Saʿud ibn Saqr al-Qasimi (* 1956), ruler of the Emirate of Ra's al-Khaimah
• Ali Bujsaim (* 1959), FIFA football referee
• Ahmed Al Maktum (* 1963), marksman
• Sulaiman al-Fahim (* 1977), billionaire and managing director of Hydra Properties
• Omar Awadhy (* 1982), tennis player
• Hasher Al Maktoum (* 1985), racing car driver
• Abdullah Ali Mohammad Al Kamali (* 1989), football player
• Ed Jones (* 1995), racing car driver

literature

• Gérard Al-Fil: Living and Working in Dubai , GD-Verlag, 2009, ISBN 978-3-941045-09-5 .
• Elisabeth Blum, Peter Neitzke (ed.): Dubai. City out of nowhere . Basel / Boston / Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-7643-9952-8 .
• Bettina Müller: glittering metropolis Dubai. Diversification and image creation of an economy based on oil revenues . Tectum-Verlag, Marburg 2010, ISBN 978-3-8288-2375-4 .
• Michael Schindhelm: Dubai speed. An experience . With photos by Aurore Belkin. Munich 2009, 256 pp. ISBN 978-3-423-24768-9 .
• Heiko Schmid: Economy of Fascination: Dubai and Las Vegas as Themed Urban Landscapes . Borntraeger, Stuttgart 2009, XIII, 272 pp. ISBN 978-3-443-37014-5 (Urbanization of the Earth, 11)
• John M. Smith: Dubai: the Maktoum Story , Books on Demand, Norderstedt 2006, 424 pp. ISBN 3-8334-4660-9 .
• Burs, Gerhard Martin: Media Presentation in Contemporary Architecture · The Example of the United Arab Emirates , transcript Verlag, Bielefeld 2016, ISBN 978-3-8376-3343-6

Web links

Wiktionary: Dubai  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Commons : Dubai  - collection of images

Wikivoyage: Dubai  - Travel Guide

• Official website of the Government of Dubai (Arabic - English )
• No. of Estmimated Population by Sector & Community - EMIRATE OF DUBAI End of Year 2010 (PDF; 118 kB)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Dubai Statistics Center: Population Bulletin Emirates of Dubai 2013 ( Memento from April 21, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) (English)
2. ↑ ForgSight.com Most visited cities in the world: London in first place , according to MasterCard Global Destination Cities Index; Article dated June 15, 2015, accessed August 13, 2015
3. ↑ Global Destination Cities Report 2016. Mastercard, archived from the original on September 24, 2016 ; accessed on July 11, 2018 . 
4. ↑ Number of 150m + Completed Buildings - The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved March 6, 2018 . 
5. ↑ Largest Airports by Passenger Traffic. Retrieved August 11, 2018 . 
6. ^ The Global Financial Centers Index 23. Archived from the original on March 27, 2018 ; accessed on July 13, 2018 . 
7. ^ World Central Airport. dubai-info.de, December 28, 2018
8. ↑ Mark Venbles: UAE builds on its seafaring heritage . In: Hansa , Heft 6/2019, S. 80/81 (English)
9. ^ Salik: Home. Retrieved January 16, 2019 (Arabic). 
10. ↑ Dubai Administrative Boundaries ( Memento of April 27, 2006 in the Internet Archive )
11. ^ Population and Vital Statistics. Retrieved January 16, 2019 . 
12. ↑ wetterkontor.de
13. ↑ Dubai City Guide - Dubai's sister cities. Retrieved August 7, 2016 .