Citroën XM

Citroën
Citroën XM Berline (1989-1994)
XM
Production period:	1989-2000
Class :	Upper middle class , upper class
Body versions :	Station wagon , station wagon
Engines:	Otto engines : 2.0–3.0 liters (79–147 kW) Diesel engines : 2.1–2.5 liters (60–95 kW)
Length:	4701-4963 mm
Width:	1794 mm
Height:	1396 mm
Wheelbase :	2850 mm
Empty weight :	1564 kg
Previous model	Citroën CX
successor	Citroën C6 Citroën C5

The Citroën XM is a passenger car model from the French car manufacturer PSA Peugeot Citroën , which rolled off the production lines between spring 1989 and autumn 2000. The sedan (Berline) was manufactured in Rennes , France , while the Kombi (Break) introduced in autumn 1991 by the vehicle manufacturer Heuliez . The XM was assigned either to the upper middle class (according to the division of the Federal Motor Transport Authority or auto motor und sport ) or the upper class (according to statements by the then Citroën general manager Xavier Karcher, as well as in contemporary articles in, among others, mot and Der Spiegel ).

The hydropneumatics known from the Citroën DS , GS and the predecessor CX were also present in the XM, although many versions were equipped with the further developed Hydractive version . It made the XM the first series car with an electronically controlled chassis.

history

The XM was designed by three design offices: the Citroën design department, the Peugeot design department and the external Bertone office .

The XM was presented in Germany at the IAA in Frankfurt in September 1989. From the start of delivery in May to the end of July 1989, according to the then Citroën General Director Xavier Karcher , 12,500 units rolled off the assembly line at the Citroën factory in Rennes , “only 100 under plan ". In the same year 2000 copies were sold in the Federal Republic of Germany, whereby according to Karcher around 10,000 units were planned for the year 1990. Overall, he expected sales of around 50,000 for the first year and "around 98,000 or 100,000" for 1990. Around half of these were to be sold in the home market of France and the other half in the export markets, including Germany, the largest exporting country a maximum sales volume of 15,000 pieces per year was planned. In comparison, the previous CX model (in its strongest sales year 1978) had 16,000 units.

In 1990 the XM was voted Car of the Year , and 1991 saw the highest number of registrations. In 1991 and 1992 the readers of auto motor und sport magazine voted the XM the “best import car in its class”.

The first series (Y3) was produced from May 1989 to June 1994, while the second (Y4) rolled off the line from July 1994 to October 2000. The second series is externally recognizable by the brand emblem, which is now in the center instead of the left, and a modified rear spoiler.

The XM was initially only available from the factory as a hatchback sedan. From November 1991 it was also available in a combination version as a Break . Until its introduction, the CX Break , which was built by the bodywork company Heuliez , was still offered .

From the start of production in January 1990 (delivery took place in spring), a four-speed automatic was offered by ZF for the four- and six-cylinder engines. A catalytic converter and an ABS from Bendix in the third generation were already installed as standard.

High-quality equipment in the sedan includes a second inner rear window made of glass, which protects the rear passengers from drafts when the tailgate is open. Air conditioning and electrically adjustable seats were offered as “elaborate extras”, which had led to longer production and assembly times.

The XM was offered in the form of special variants of a body builder than six-door stretch limousine from Heuliez were Break vehicles into ambulances and Rappold converted into hearses. The latter were designed to be dismantled in the series version.

The sales figures collapsed in 1992, however, because various problems arose, especially with the electronics. The electronics were revised twice in the Y3 series alone.

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  Rear view

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  Citroën XM Break (1991-1994)

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  cockpit

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  Option: leather interior

Facelift

An optical and, above all, technical revision took place in July 1994. This second series of the XM, called the Y4, with the Hydractive II chassis is considered mature and reliable. Although the XM was available in many versions up to the luxuriously equipped Pallas and EXCLUSIVE , it was only able to attract a relatively small group of customers; the reputation that was initially damaged could not quite recover, although this car offered an extraordinary abundance of sophisticated technology and comfort when it first appeared.

In the spring of 2000, production of the XM Break was stopped, while that of the sedan ended in autumn 2000. A total of 333,405 XMs were built.

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  Citroën XM Berline (1994-2000)

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  Rear view

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  Citroën XM Break (1994-2000)

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  Rear view

Petrol engines

The four-cylinder gasoline engine of the XM (Y3) with a displacement of 2.0 liters was (in Germany) as an injection engine with 89 kW (121 PS), later also charged as Turbo CT (" Constant Torque ") with 104 kW (141 PS), and from summer 1994 onwards in the Y4 with an increased output of 108 kW (147 PS).

There was also a V6 engine with a displacement of 3.0 liters and 123 kW (167 PS), of which a version with 24 valves and the following performance features was also produced from summer 1990: 147 kW (200 PS), 0–100 km / h in 8.0 seconds, top speed 235 km / h. The displacement of these engines of almost 3000 cm³ was slightly reduced in the course of the construction period, whereby the XM fell into a lower tax category in some countries. This so-called PRV-V6 is known as the Europe-V6 because it was developed throughout Europe as a joint development by Peugeot , Renault and Volvo (PRV) and was also used by some small manufacturers. a. in the De Lorean DMC-12 , known from the film series Back to the Future .

3.0 l V6 24V engine with 140 kW / 190 PS (1997)

In July 1994, the two-liter four-cylinder was exchanged for a newly developed 16-valve engine with 97 kW (132 hp). From April 1997 there were completely new gasoline engines. The new V6 24V (engine designation ES9J4) - unlike the PRV-V6 - no longer had a timing chain, but like all other XM engines, valve control via toothed belts . This engine was installed also in Xantia , in the Peugeot models 406 / 607 , in Renault Laguna , as well as in modified form in the Renault Espace .

The CT turbo engine was recently offered with the D3 control standard. Most of the 4-cylinder gasoline engines, the V6 gasoline engines with 123 and 140 kW and the 2.1-liter diesel engines were available on request in conjunction with a four-speed automatic from ZF . The 140 kW engine was the only one to have an adaptive automatic (ZF 4HP20).

The PRV-V6 (12V and 24V) was equipped with the self-resetting and speed-dependent DIRAVI steering system, which was first used by the SM in 1970 and later also by the CX. This special feature no longer existed at the turn of the year 1997/1998.

Diesel engines

Three four-cylinder diesel engines were available: With the 2.1-liter naturally aspirated diesel with 60 kW (82 hp) at the start of sales, a top speed of 172 km / h was reached, and in spring 1990 came a 2.1-liter turbodiesel with 80 kW (109 hp) and a top speed of 190 km / h. Xavier Karcher explained in an interview in 1989 that no 2.5-liter turbodiesel was available at the time: "This is a completely new design, namely the first series diesel with three valves per cylinder, a very modern engine, much more economical than the previous CX. Technically, the new D-engine design cannot be enlarged any further. ”Nevertheless, a 2.5-liter turbodiesel with 95 kW (129 hp) was delivered in 1994 as part of the model revision, giving the XM a top speed of 190 or 208 km / h reached.

With the diesel engines, mileages of over 500,000 km are possible; due to their design, they are not suitable for longer full throttle drives.

Technical specifications

Petrol engines

	2.0		2.0 i		2.0 i 16V	2.0 i TCT		3.0 i V6	3.0 i V6 24V
Construction period	05.1989-06.1994				07.1994-10.2000	09.1992-06.1994	07.1994-10.2000	05.1989-12.1996	07.1990-03.1997	04.1997-10.2000
Engine characteristics
Engine identification	XU10 2C	XU10 MZ	XU10 J2	XU10 J2Z (RFU)	XU10 J4R (RFV)	XU10 J2TE (RGY)	XU10 J2TE (RGX)	ZPJ / Z	ZPJ4 / Y3	ES9 J4 (XFX)
Engine type	R4 petrol engine							V6 petrol engine
Number of valves per cylinder	2				4th	2			4th
Valve control	OHC , timing belt				DOHC, timing belt	OHC, timing belt		2 × OHC, chain	2 × DOHC, chain	2 × DOHC, toothed belt
Mixture preparation	Carburetor	Manifold injection
catalyst	No	Yes	No	Yes
Engine charging	-					Turbocharger , intercooler		-
cooling	Water cooling
Bore × stroke	86.0 mm × 86.0 mm							93.0 mm × 73.0 mm 1		87.0 mm × 82.6 mm
Displacement	1998 cc							2975 cc 1		2946 cc
Compression ratio	8.8: 1				10.4: 1	8.5: 1	8.0: 1	9.5: 1		10.5: 1
Max. Power at min −1	84 kW (114 PS) / 5800	79 kW (107 PS) / 5600	94 kW (128 PS) / 5600	89 kW (121 PS) / 5600	97 kW (132 PS) / 5500	104 kW (141 hp) / 4400-6200	108 kW (147 PS) / 5300	123 kW (167 PS) / 5600	147 kW (200 PS) / 6000	140 kW (190 PS) / 6000
Max. Torque in min -1	168 Nm / 2250	164 Nm / 2250	175 Nm / 4800	170 Nm / 4000	180 Nm / 4200	225 Nm / 2200-4400	235 Nm / 2500	235 Nm / 4600	260 Nm / 3600	267 Nm / 4500
Power transmission
drive	Front wheel drive
Gearbox, as standard	5-speed manual transmission
Gearbox, optional	-		4- speed automatic transmission						-	4-speed automatic transmission
Measured values ​​(berline) 2
Top speed	193 km / h	190 km / h	205 km / h (202 km / h)	201 km / h (197 km / h)	205 km / h (203 km / h)	212 km / h	215 km / h (208 km / h)	222 km / h (220 km / h)	235 km / h	228 km / h (230 km / h)
Acceleration, 0-100 km / h	12.2 s	12.4 s	11.5 s (14.4 s)	11.9 s (14.8 s)	10.8 s (14.2 s)	9.8 s	9.3 s (11.2 s)	9.7 s (10.9 s)	8.6 s	7.8 s (10.2 s)
Fuel consumption over 100 km (combined)	7.9 l p	8.5 l S	8.1 l S (8.5 l S)	8.8 l S	7.4 L S (7.6 L S)	8.9 l p	8.0 l S	9.6 L S (10.1 L S)	10.2 l S	8.0 l S (8.4 l S)
Measured values ​​(break) 2
Top speed	-			192 km / h (190 km / h)	198 km / h (190 km / h)	202 km / h	204 km / h (202 km / h)	217 km / h (215 km / h)	-	225 km / h
Acceleration, 0-100 km / h	-			13.0 s (14.0 s)	11.8 s (15.4 s)	9.8 s	10.5 s (12.6 s)	10.9 s (12.5 s)	-	8.8 s (10.7 s)
Fuel consumption over 100 km (combined)	-			9.1 l p	7.4 L S (7.6 L S)	9.1 l p	8.0 l S	9.9 l S (10.4 l S)	-	8.0 l S (8.4 l S)

¹ From 07.1994: 93.0 mm × 72.7 mm / 2963 cm³

² Values ​​in round brackets "()" for automatic transmissions

• The availability of the engines depended on the model, equipment and market.

Diesel engines

	2.1 D 12	2.1 Turbo D 12		2.5 Turbo D12
Construction period	09.1989-06.1996	11.1989-06.1994	07.1994-10.2000
Engine characteristics
Engine identification	XUD11 A / L (PJZ)	XUD11 ATE (PHZ)	XUD11 BTE (P8C)	DK5 ATE / L (THY)
Engine type	R4 diesel engine
Number of valves per cylinder	3
Valve control	OHC , timing belt
Mixture preparation	Swirl chamber injection
Engine charging	-	Turbocharger , intercooler
cooling	Water cooling
Bore × stroke	86.0 mm × 92.0 mm	85.0 mm × 92.0 mm		92.0 mm × 92.0 mm
Displacement	2138 cc	2088 cc		2446 cc
Compression ratio	22.5: 1	21.5: 1		22.0: 1
Max. Power at min −1	60 kW (82 PS) / 4600	80 kW (109 PS) / 4300		95 kW (129 PS) / 4300
Max. Torque in min -1	145 Nm / 2000	245 Nm 1 /2000	250 Nm / 2000	285 Nm / 2000
Power transmission
drive	Front wheel drive
Gearbox, as standard	5-speed manual transmission
Gearbox, optional	-	4- speed automatic transmission		-
Measured values ​​(berline) 2
Top speed	173 km / h	192 km / h (190 km / h)	192 km / h (188 km / h)	201 km / h
Acceleration, 0-100 km / h	17.6 s	12.9 s (15.1 s)	12.9 s (14.0 s)	12.1 s
Fuel consumption over 100 km (combined)	6.7 l D.	6.5 l D (7.1 l D)	5.6 l D (6.5 l D)	5.9 l D
Measured values ​​(break) 2
Top speed	168 km / h	184 km / h (182 km / h)	184 km / h (180 km / h)	192 km / h
Acceleration, 0-100 km / h	19.0 s	13.8 s (16.0 s)	14.2 s (15.4 s)	13.1 s
Fuel consumption over 100 km (combined)	6.9 l D	6.6 L D (7.2 L D)	5.6 L D (6.6 L D)	5.9 l D

¹ With exhaust gas recirculation: 235 Nm

² Values ​​in round brackets "()" for automatic transmissions

• The availability of the engines depended on the model, equipment and market.

Production figures and successors

Although a production of 333,405 units was achieved, the number of units of the car was significantly lower than that of its predecessor. However, the technical and design innovations of the car continued the avant-garde image of Citroën. After the XM was discontinued, the mid-range C5 was the largest Citroën sedan. Only with the C6 introduced in autumn 2005 was there a successor to the XM.

Although François Mitterrand demonstratively used a Renault as the state car at the beginning of his tenure as French President , he later decided on a Citroën XM. After the handover of this car to his successor Jacques Chirac during the handover ceremony on May 17, 1995, Mitterrand himself was retired with another XM. Chirac also used various copies of the XM during his tenure.

literature

• Everything about the Citroen XM. In: mot Die Autozeitschrift , mot special section in issue 22, 1989, p. 89ff. This includes:
  • Holger Glanz: The space glider. Models, data and driving report. Pp. 90-95.
  • Klaus-Ulrich Blumenstock: In the balance. The hydractive suspension of the XM. Pp. 96-103.
  • Hans Röder: high pressure zone. From the Citroen DS to the XM. Pp. 104-107.
  • Engelbert Men: "XM as a luxury car". Questions to Citroen boss Xavier Karcher. Pp. 110-112.
• Automobiles: King Hydrak . In: Der Spiegel . No. 12 , 1989, pp. 269-273 ( Online - Mar. 20, 1989 ).
• Automobil Revue catalogs , editions 1991, 1993 and 2000.

Web links

Commons : Citroën XM  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Sebastian Renz: Citroën DS and XM in the driving report: Pallas of the republic - the French. In: auto-motor-und-sport.de . December 8, 2010, accessed December 6, 2015 . 

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Les échos, 20/10/2000
2. ↑ Car déclics
3. ↑ Number of passenger cars on January 1, 2015 compared to January 1, 2014 by segment and model series (registrations from 1990). (PDF) Federal Motor Transport Authority, accessed on December 6, 2015 . 
4. ↑ ^{a b} About Citroën XM. In: auto-motor-und-sport.de . Retrieved December 6, 2015 . 
5. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Engelbert men: "XM as a luxury car". Questions to Citroen boss Xavier Karcher. Interview in the mot special section, issue 22/1989, p. 110ff. (To classify the XM:
   • “The new model was enthusiastically received. It is accepted as a luxury vehicle, [...]. "
   • Then asked whether the V6 model was not too little differentiated from the four-cylinder: “We see the XM as a luxury car. It is therefore not necessary to visually emphasize the V6 engine. [...] "
   • When asked: "Don't you think that the German buyers of the first Citroen six-cylinder sedan in decades would not want to have the luxury class status more emphasized?" "Not according to our investigations. We will continue to observe this point. "
   • Regarding the quality of the start of series production at the Citroën plant in Rennes: “I will never be completely satisfied. The XM should and must meet the highest requirements of the upper class. German buyers in particular pay close attention to the workmanship and quality of details. ")
6. ↑ Automobiles: King Hydrak . In: Der Spiegel . No.  12 , 1989, pp. 269-273 ( Online - Mar. 20, 1989 ).
7. ↑ In: Europe. Journal of the Société européenne d'information et de communication, No. 41, 1990.
8. ↑ Citroen XM Break. A real gain in space. In: Die Zeit , Heft 13, 1992. Article online. ( Memento from February 20, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
9. ↑ See Auto Catalog, No. 44, model year 2001.
10. ^ A brief history of presidential cars. In: Magazine dossier on the PSA-Peugeot-Citroën website , undated (English). Articles online. ( Memento from August 13, 2007 in the Internet Archive )