Disentis / Mustér

Disentis / Mustér, 1981-2010
Climate diagram
	Temperature in ° C , precipitation in mm
	Source:

Disentis / Mustér

State :	Switzerland Switzerland
Canton :	canton of Grisons Graubünden (GR)
Region :	Surselva
BFS no. :	3982i1 f3 f4
Postal code :	7180
UN / LOCODE :	CH DIS
Coordinates :	707 938 / 173 057 coordinates: 46 ° 42 '0 " N , 8 ° 51' 0" O ; CH1903: seven hundred and seven thousand nine hundred thirty-eight / 173 05746.699997 8.85 1130
Height :	1130 m above sea level M.
Height range :	956–3612 m above sea level M.
Area :	90.99 km²
Residents:	2080 (December 31, 2018)
Population density :	23 inhabitants per km²
Mayor :	Robert Cajacob
Website:	www.disentis.ch
View over Disentis to the west
Location of the municipality
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Disentis / Mustér ( German Disentis , Rhaeto-Romanic Mustér [muˈʃteː] ^?^/^I ; Disentis / Mustér has been the official name since 1963 ) is a political municipality in the Surselva region of the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland .

Place name

The origin of the word Disentis is not clear. There are two explanations: 1. from Desertina (“wasteland”), 2. from the Latin word dissentire , the fork in the road, which would suit the location of the place. The Romanesque pattern comes from the Latin monasterium ('monastery').

geography

The winter sports and health resort is located in the Cadi in the upper part of the Surselva , at the confluence of the Medelser Rhine and the Vorderrhein . The municipality includes the villages of Segnas , Mumpé Tujetsch , Mumpé Medel , Acletta , Disla and Cavardiras .

climate

The annual mean temperature is 6.7 ° C, with the coldest monthly mean temperatures in January at −0.4 ° C and the warmest monthly mean temperatures measured at 18.3 ° C in July. On average, around 128 frost days and 32 ice days are to be expected here. There are around 20 summer days on an annual average, while there are normally 1.0 hot days . The MeteoSwiss weather station is located at an altitude of 1197 m above sea level. M.

Average monthly temperatures and precipitation for Disentis / Mustér, 1981–2010

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C )	2.3	3.1	6.8	10.4	15.3	18.9	21.4	20.5	16.7	12.9	6.2	2.9	O	11.5
Min. Temperature (° C)	−4.6	−4.6	-1.8	1.3	5.6	8.3	10.6	10.5	7.5	4.4	-0.6	−3.5	O	2.8
Temperature (° C)	−1.4	-1.1	2.0	5.4	10.0	13.2	15.5	14.9	11.6	8.0	2.4	-0.5	O	6.7

Precipitation ( mm )	68	58	68	84	115	106	112	121	114	88	99	66	Σ	1,099

Hours of sunshine ( h / d )	2.8	3.5	4.2	4.3	4.6	5.6	6.3	5.8	5.1	3.9	2.6	2.4	O	4.3

Rainy days ( d )	8.4	7.8	9.3	8.9	11.8	11.9	11.4	12.5	9.5	8.8	9.4	9.0	Σ	118.7

Humidity ( % )	68	67	67	66	67	69	69	72	73	71	73	71	O	69.4

Source:

history

At the beginning of the 8th century, the monk Sigisbert built a cell in the "Desertina" from a Burgundian monastery. According to the legend, the area was probably already inhabited before. The local councilor Placidus helped him and was murdered on the orders of the sovereign. Around 720/750 Bishop Ursicin built a monastery according to the rules of Saint Benedict over the graves of Saints Sigisbert and Placidus . In 940 the monastery with its valuable works of art was destroyed by fire by the Saracens (ceiling painting in the monastery church). The monks who returned after the escape rebuilt the abbey. Their main function was then that of “guardians of the Lukmanier pass ”, through which the German emperors Otto I, Heinrich II., Emperor Friedrich I (Barbarossa) and Sigismund traveled to their Italian parts of the empire. The direct imperial monastery state of Cadi (Casa Dei - 'House of God') was created, to which not only the area from Brigels to beyond the Oberalp Pass belonged, but also areas in Lombardy at times. The Abbot of Disentis became Prince of the Reich. The prince abbots helped found the Gray Confederation and the canton of Graubünden, although they lost their position of power. The monastery remained the cultural center of Graubünden.

At the end of the 17th century a new monastery complex was built in the baroque style and from 1696 to 1712 the monastery church of St. Martin with a double tower facade was built according to plans by Caspar Moosbrugger . In 1799, French troops set the village of Disentis, monastery and church on fire after the residents rose against the occupiers. The monastery complex was extensively restored at the end of the 19th century, and again around a hundred years later. The last restoration of the monastery church was completed in 2019. Since 1880 the monastery has run a grammar school with monks as teachers. The further guarantee of recognition as a school leading to the Matura was tied to two conditions at the beginning of the 1970s: firstly, the admission of girls and, secondly, the addition of civilian teachers to the teaching staff.

Until 2002 Disentis remained the court and parish of the Cadi, the upper part of the Bündner Oberland, the Surselva .

Sebastian von Castelberg built the Caschliun Castle around 1750 . It burned down in 1830 and then fell into disrepair.

As is customary in the canton of Graubünden, the district elections were held in a rural municipality . After the introduction of women's suffrage, it was decided in 1973 to keep this tradition. It was not until 2000 that this 600-year-old tradition was abolished (because of the votes of the other district parishes).

population

Population development
year	1850	1900	1950	2000	2010	2012	2014	2016
Residents	1260	1359	2330	2172	2111	2045	2058	2098

economy

Industry

The Zai AG has since 2003 based in Disentis / Muster. Distec AG emerged in 1989 from the Landis & Gyr apprenticeship workshop from the 1970s, and is active in mold and metal construction. Precision parts for aviation, vehicle construction and industry are manufactured there.

tourism

Disentis / Mustér, historical aerial photo from October 1954, taken by Werner Friedli

Fontanivas swimming lake

Disentis-Muster station

In 1877 the doctor Augustin Condrau built the Hotel "Disentiser Hof" on the site of the crumbling castle Caschliun, which from 1909 used the S. Placidus radon spring . As a result, the first bathing tourism developed and Disentis became a health resort. The spring is no longer in operation because an avalanche destroyed the feeder line in 1984. The old hotel was replaced by a new building in 1977.

Around Disentis there are over 180 km of hiking trails and 30 km of cross-country trails for winter sports. That at almost 3000 m above sea level. M.-reaching ski area is operated under the name "Disentis 3000" by Bergbahnen Disentis AG . There has been a connection to the Andermatt-Sedrun ski area since 2019.

At the Fontanivas campsite on the Vorderrhein there is a swimming lake with a large children's playground. There is the possibility of panning for gold. In 1980 the sports center was opened.

traffic

In Disentis the forks Hauptstrasse 19 from Chur to Lukmanierpass and Oberalppass . The Rhaetian Railway's Vorderrheinlinie also ends here . It is continued to the west by the Matterhorn Gotthard Railway . The station is therefore also used to change locomotives on the through Glacier Express trains, as the MGB route over the Oberalp Pass is equipped with rack sections.

A post bus line leads over the Lukmanier Pass . Since 2000, the road has also been open in winter, but the postbus connection to the south only exists in summer.

Disentis / Mustér is a member of the Alpine Pearls , which advocate environmentally friendly mobility in the Alpine region.

Attractions

The Disentis monastery with the monastery church St. Martin, the Marienkirche, and the monastery museum (sacred medieval art, precious textiles and natural treasures) is the most important building in town.
Also worth seeing are the St. Agatha chapel , the baroque Marienkapelle in Acletta , the St. Placidus church and the baroque parish church of St. Johannes Baptist with its magnificent late Gothic Strigel altarpiece.
school
The Aua Viva Evangelical Community Center is a modern sacred building

Salaplauna monastery courtyard, 2010, architect: Gion A. Caminada

Boarding school for girls (Caminada House), 2004

Chapel of St. Lucius, in Disla

In the Cristallina Mineral Museum , local rock crystals of particular beauty are on display.

The old Russeinerbrücke lies on the border with the neighboring municipality of Sumvitg .

The Stalusa Association shows the old fortresses from the First and Second World Wars. The A8717 “Stalusa” work from the Cold War also belongs to the Stalusa association . It is located 2.5 km northeast of Disentis / Mustér and was built in 1967, embedded in the “Russein” barrier. The work is in its original condition, has a very good structure and is not disarmed.

Direct access is not possible for traffic reasons.

To the east and west of the fortress, there are parking spaces along the cantonal road, from which the fortress can be reached in a few minutes.

Chapel of Maria Immaculate in Acletta
Main church of St. John the Baptist, first mentioned in 1261
Chapel of Saint Agatha, view from the northeast
Exterior view of the St. Placidus Chapel
monastery
Disentis Abbey as seen from Via Lucmagn

Personalities

Placidus a Spescha (1752-1833), Benedictine priest
Placi Condrau (1819–1902), politician
Duri Sialm (1891–1961), composer
Flurin Maissen (1906–1999), Benedictine priest
Pankraz Winiker (1925–2013), Dept.
Walter Wittmann (1935–2016), economist
Dumeni Columberg (* 1941), politician

literature

Author collective: The Great ADAC Alpine Guide. ADAC, Munich 1992, pp. 334-335, ISBN 3-87003-470-X .
Gion Condrau (Ed.): Disentis - Mustér. History and present. Disentis municipality 1996, ISBN 3-952108-10-3 .
Kurt Derungs: Tree magic. The 22 cult trees in Switzerland. Edition Amalia, Grenchen 2008, ISBN 978-3-905581-27-0 (oak in the sacred grove).
The Disentis Monastery. Information brochure. Published by Kloster Disentis, around 2010.
Adolf Collenberg: Disentis / Mustér. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . 2009 .