Ferdinand Bonaventura I of Harrach

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Coat of arms of the Counts of Harrach zu Rohrau and Thannhausen

Ferdinand Bonaventura I. Count of Harrach zu Rohrau, Baron of Bruck and Pürrhenstein (* July 14, 1637 - June 15, 1706 in Karlsbad ) was an Austrian nobleman, imperial diplomat , statesman , chamberlain, real secret councilor and knight of the Order of Golden fleece . In 1673 he was appointed Obersterblandstallmeister in Austria above and below the Enns, was appointed envoy to Spain in 1676 and, after his return, in 1677, he was secret councilor. In 1697 he took over the most important diplomatic post as ambassador at the Spanish court, as it was a question of the succession to King Charles II of Spain from the Spanish line of the House of Austria for the Austrian line of this house in the person of Archduke Charles of Austria to enforce the younger son of Emperor Leopold I, especially against French and Bavarian claims - which he ultimately failed to achieve despite intensive efforts due to conflicting power interests of European states. After returning to Vienna in 1698, he was appointed imperial chief steward and became director of the secret State Conference Council, assuming the chairmanship of the State Conference and leading foreign policy. He accompanied Emperor Leopold I on his death in 1705, took part in the hereditary homage to Emperor Joseph I on September 22, 1705 , and died on June 15, 1706 during a cure in Karlsbad in Bohemia . He is remembered as the closest progenitor of his family and as the builder of the Harrach Palace in Vienna, which remained in the family for 300 years.

origin

Ferdinand Bonaventura I, Count of Harrach came from the Austrian Uradelsfamilie Harrach , from his ancestor Leonhard IV. Emperor Charles V on January 4, 1552 in the realm baron and later his grandfather Karl Freiherr von Harrach on November 6, 1627 the Imperial Count was raised, and at the same time the imperial-free rule Rohrau was raised to an imperial county.

Karl Count of Harrach

The grandfather of Ferdinand Bonaventura I, Karl Leonhard Reichsgraf von Harrach zu Rohrau Freiherr zu Bruck und Pyrrhenstein (* 1570 in Rohrau Castle, † 1628 in Prague), was about his mother, Countess Maria Jakobäa von Hohenzollern (* July 1549, † 1573), who was a daughter of Karl Graf von Hohenzollern († 1576), the Imperial Chamberlain and Imperial Court Council President of the Holy Roman Empire , and Anna Margravine von Baden-Durlach (1512–1579), a daughter of Margrave Ernst von Baden-Durlach ( † 1579) related to high-ranking European dynasties - and even remotely to the House of Austria .

Karl Graf Harrach married Maria Elisabeth Freiin von Schrattenbach (* February 15, 1575; † Vienna, January 10, 1653). She was court lady of Marie Archduchess of Austria , daughter of Maximilian von Schrattenbach (* August 1, 1537; † 1618), who had been Lord of Heggenberg and Osterwitz since November 15, 1587 and Baron von Schrattenbach, Archducal Privy Councilor, and since January 24, 1598 Chamberlain, captain and vice dom of Cilli and since 1598 was Oberst-Erbland-Vorneider in Styria and his wife Anna Grasswein, a daughter of the knight Wilhelm Grasswein on Weyer and Orth and Helene von Herberstein .

Cardinal, Archbishop of Prague Ernst Adalbert, Imperial Count of Harrach, uncle of Ferdinand Bonaventure I.

Of Karl's five sons, Ernst Adalbert von Harrach (born November 4, 1598 in Vienna , † October 25, 1667 ibid) became Archbishop of the Archdiocese of Prague and Prince-Bishop of the Diocese of Trento and Cardinal .

Through his daughter Isabella Countess von Harrach, Karl von Harrach became the father-in-law of Field Marshal Albrecht Wenzel Eusebius von Waldstein, Duke of Friedland, Duke of Mecklenburg, Counts of Waldstein (* 1583, † 1634).

Wallenstein equestrian image, uncle in law of Ferdinand Bonaventura I.

The father of Ferdinand Bonaventura I, Otto Friedrich Reichsgraf von Harrach zu Rohrau († 1648), the fifth son of Count Karl, was an imperial treasurer, general field sergeant , owner of a regiment on foot, took part in the battle of Lützen on November 6, 1632 part and inherited the dominions Branna and Lomnitz in Bohemia from his brother-in-law Wallenstein . He was since October 7, 1635 with Lavinia Thecla Gonzaga Countess of Novellara (* October 14, 1607, † May 7, 1639), a daughter of Camillo Gonzaga Count of Novellara and Bagnolo and the Caterina d'Avalos d'Aquino d'Aragona (* August 16, 1586 in Urbino; ​​† May 23, 1618) from the house of the princes of Francavilla and Montesarchio married. It was their second marriage, as she was the widow of Wratislaw I. Graf von Fürstenberg (born January 31, 1584 in Prague, † July 10, 1631 in Vienna).

Life

Ferdinand Bonaventura was the only son of Count Otto Friedrich von Harrach, the founder of the still flourishing younger line of the house, grew up with his only sister Maria Elisabeth Countess of Harrach zu Rohrau, who later married Karl Ferdinand Count von Waldstein and on May 23rd Died in 1710.

Emperor Leopold II, whom Harrach served as a friend and confidante

He came to the imperial court early, was treasurer of Archduke Leopold (born June 9, 1640 in Vienna ; † May 5, 1705), even before he succeeded the throne as Emperor Leopold I in 1658 and was appointed by him after his accession to the throne in 1659 appointed imperial court counselor and real chamberlain.

Diplomatic missions

Harrach's diplomatic missions were overshadowed by the question of the Spanish succession to the throne, which was a fixed point of diplomatic efforts of his time, since Charles II , who was the head of the Spanish line of the House of Austria from 1665 (until 1675 under the reign of his mother Maria Anna of Austria ( 1634–1696) ) ruled as King of Spain and the associated empire until his death in 1700 , was not only childless, but also ailing, despite two marriages.

The expected legacy was unique, because it was one of the greatest empires in history, as it not only comprised a number of European kingdoms and territories, but also large parts of Latin America and the island kingdom of the Philippines in Asia, which actually included “the sun never went down ". It was therefore understandable that this was the subject of strategic planning not only at the imperial court in Vienna, but in almost all European state chancelleries.

In Vienna, where this was naturally a constant topic, one vacillated between the official thesis that Emperor Leopold I would inherit everything “naturally” as the closest agnatic relative and the much more realistic expectation of inheriting at least essential parts.

On the basis of this second consideration, Johann Weikhard Reichsfürst von Auersperg (* 1615; † 1677), the chief steward and first minister of Austria, worked out a treaty with the French ambassador in Vienna Leopold von Grémonville in January 1688 under the greatest of secrecy, which divided the Spanish Inheritance between Emperor Leopold I and King Ludwig XIV . According to this, Austria was to receive the greater part, France, however, the Spanish Netherlands , the Free County of Burgundy , the Kingdom of Naples and the Kingdom of Navarre and the Philippines .

Envoy to France

Louis XIV of France

Against this background, Count Harrach was sent to France as the imperial ambassador in 1669, as King Louis XIV of France had asked the emperor to be the godfather of his second-born son, Philippe Charles of France, Duke of Anjou (August 11, 1668, † 10. July 1671). Count Harrach - meanwhile imperial chamberlain and knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece since 1661 - therefore went to Paris to hand over the imperial reply and to ask Duke Philip of Orléans to act as his representative on behalf of the emperor.

He arrived in Paris in February 1669, where the young Duke of Anjou was baptized on March 24th, and therefore had the opportunity to get in touch with the family of King Louis XIV and key ministers and to support the secret treaty. Harrach therefore started his return journey to Austria satisfied.

Development of the environment

In fact, however, this secret treaty never came into being because it fundamental interests of Spain - which insisted on indivisibility - and Austria as well - namely the nominal claim to the entire inheritance or the insight of Emperor Leopold that he could hardly successfully defend the territories that fell to him against France could - contradicted.

Despite the strictest secrecy, people in Spain had got wind of this planned partition agreement, which led to great outrage in Madrid and to such a strong setback for the influence of Austria at the Spanish court that there was even a risk that the mother of King Charles II, Maria Anna of Austria, who could lose the reign in Spain.

In Vienna, the ambitious President of the Court Council, Prince Wenzel Eusebius von Lobkowicz (* 1609, † 1677), used the Spanish fiasco to overthrow his rival, the Chief Chamberlain, Prince Auersperg, who was dismissed from all his offices on December 10, 1669 because he was suspected of having granted France excessive concessions in order to obtain the appointment of cardinal from King Louis XIV.

There were also setbacks internationally, as Louis XIV succeeded in 1669 in persuading two powerful states of the empire - the Electorate of Brandenburg and the Duke of Bavaria - to enter into an alliance with France by means of the prospect of surrendering certain parts of the Austrian states, whereupon in 1670 Duchy of Lorraine occupied. Vienna was too weak to counter this - as it was bound in the east by an uprising in Hungary under Stefan Rakoczi and Stefan Bocskai - and had to conclude a neutrality treaty with France in 1671. As a result, Leopold I leaned increasingly towards England and the Dutch Republic.

Domestically, Emperor Leopold tried to emancipate himself from the advisors who had accompanied him since the beginning of his rule 15 years ago and who had become dominant after an illness that had been overcome. This applied in particular to the Chief Chamberlain, Prince Lobkowicz, and to Count Sinzendorf, President of the Court Chamber, whose policies often did not correspond to his intentions, which is why he decided to take on the office of first minister himself. He succeeded in this through the dismissal of Lobkowicz in October 1673, whereby he subsequently relied on younger advisers who, like Harrach, had acquired his full confidence through discretion and efficiency and refrained from making politics themselves. Harrach, who had proven himself as a discreet advisor, was appointed by Emperor Leopold to be hereditary master master in Austria above and below the Enns.

Envoy to Spain

Charles II, King of Spain from the House of Austria

In line with this policy of renewal, Harrach was transferred to perhaps the most important diplomatic post in the summer of 1673, when he was sent to the Spanish court as an envoy. In terms of time, the death of the - Spanish - wife of Emperor Leopold in March 1673 could play a role, the substance of the matter was to bring the bilateral relations disturbed by the unsuccessful secret partition agreement back to the usual level of friendship and the alliance against the ongoing expansion efforts by King Louis XIV - not least through subsidies.

In Madrid from 1665 Charles II ruled from the Spanish line of the House of Austria, who at that time was still unmarried but was closely connected to the Austrian line of his house. This is because his mother, the queen-widow Maria Anna of Austria (1634-1696) was an archduchess of Austria and sister of Emperor Leopold I, who took the Spanish throne during the minority of King Charles II, who was four years old in 1665 followed and afterwards, because of her son's health problems, she repeatedly played an important role as regent of the kingdom. In addition, Karl's aunt was the Infanta of Spain and Archduchess of Austria Maria Anna of Spain (1606–1646) the mother of Emperor Leopold I and Karl's sister Margarita Theresa of Spain (* July 12, 1651 in Madrid; † March 12, 1673 in Vienna) the wife of Emperor Leopold I.

Harrach's posting is related to the turnaround in the politics of Emperor Leopold, who increasingly emancipated himself from the advisors who had been the leading adviser for years, such as Obersthofmeister Fürst Lobkowicz and Hofkammerpräsident Graf Sinzendorf, who dismissed Lobkowicz in October 1673 because he wanted to act as Prime Minister himself, which he actually did from 1674 did. Harrach stayed in Madrid for three years and returned to Vienna in 1676.

In Vienna

In Vienna, Harrach was appointed a secret conference councilor in 1677 and appointed Colonel-Stallmeister in 1684 and was therefore regularly in close contact with Emperor Leopold I, whom he often accompanied on hunts. He often met with the emperor in confidential talks to discuss public affairs of the government, but without Harrach having tried to influence state affairs. Due to his reserved and engaging manner and the fact that he was never a nuisance due to personal wishes and interventions, he became the emperor's confidant and personal friend.

As a secret conference councilor, Harrach experienced all major political developments. For example, the emperor's war on two fronts against Turkey and France. In September 1683 he experienced the first siege of the Turks in Vienna and the - successful - battle of Vienna on September 12th, while Emperor Leopold I stayed with his family in Linz and later in Passau . Harrach then observed the advance of imperial troops into Hungary from Vienna, the victorious battle of Móhacs in 1687 and the conquest of Belgrade in 1688.

In the same year 1688, however, the King of France Louis XIV opened a war against the empire in the west by invading the Palatinate because of distant inheritance claims, which led to the “Nine Years War” against France.

Ambassador to Madrid

Battle for the Spanish succession

The Spanish Empire

How close the relationship of trust between Harrach and Emperor Leopold I was is shown by the fact that the Emperor appointed him extraordinary and authorized imperial ambassador to the Spanish court in 1696, thereby assigning him the task of negotiating a question of great importance for the House of Austria lead - namely on the question of the succession after the foreseeable extinction of the Spanish line of the House of Austria, since its last representative - King Charles II of Spain, who ruled since 1665, was seriously ill and had no descendants.

The question of the Spanish succession to the throne after the expected childless death of King Charles II was by no means a mere family, dynastic question among the Habsburgs, but a decisive question of European politics, as it was due to the size of the territory ruled by Spain - both in Europe and overseas - had the potential to completely change the existing unstable balance of powers. It therefore overshadowed the previous political and military conflicts with France. The struggle naturally had two levels: one level was the bilateral, family and personal relationships between the two branches of the House of Austria. At this level, Harrach, as imperial ambassador and ambassador of the Austrian branch of the House of Austria to King Charles II and the king's female relatives, as well as to the personalities at the court of Madrid, was to appoint the Austrian cousins ​​as heirs of the Spanish Empire. The other decisive level - the implementation of these plans in the adversarial dispute between European powers with their own inheritance claims or concerns about an excessive concentration of power in one hand for the purpose of maintaining the balance of European powers, was far beyond Harrach's influence, was a matter for the court in Vienna and often - regardless of the court in Vienna - a matter for the states concerned.

Harrach's instructions

In order to be able to successfully fulfill his mission, Harrach in Vienna was given the basis for his argumentation - probably not without his participation.

Agnatic succession to the throne

His primary task would be to convince King Charles II and the family members, ministers and advisers who influenced him that the Kingdom of Spain was a centuries-old family inheritance of the House of Austria, and that it was legally indisputable due to the existing agnatic succession Inheritance with the end of the Spanish line of the house - that is, with the death of King Charles II - would naturally fall to the Austrian line of the house.

Equilibrium politics

In terms of power politics, the union of the Austrian with the extensive Spanish rulers - "in which the sun never went down" - would change the European equilibrium significantly and, in particular, to the disadvantage of France, who feared being encircled in the south by Spain and in the north by the Spanish Netherlands and to the east by the Holy Roman Empire, in which the Austrian Habsburgs ruled as emperors. England and the Netherlands were also concerned about maintaining the European equilibrium and therefore tried not to leave the succession to either France or Austria, but to a third, considerably more powerless candidate, such as the Elector of Bavaria.

In order to defuse the anticipated concerns and the resistance, especially of England and the Netherlands, to such a concentration of power in one hand, it was planned in Vienna that neither the emperor himself nor his eldest son, Archduke Joseph, should be designated as heirs, but rather his younger son, Archduke Karl to propose as heirs. This would - as was the case in the successful model of the division of the Habsburg territories between Emperor Charles V and Archduke Ferdinand, effectively prevent the merger into an overpowering power bloc that could destroy the European balance.

Female inheritance

Despite these arguments and precautions, however, it could not be completely ruled out that this "inherently unavoidable" argument, contrary to expectations, could not come into play, in that the French, in particular, abandoned the "natural" agnatic inheritance from the Austrian point of view and brought a female inheritance into play would.

Both sides had already prepared for this case in the past through appropriate marriage relationships, which, however, did not exactly facilitate a clear decision regarding the succession due to a lack of clarity and multiple overlaps:

King Philip IV , who ruled Spain from 1621 to 1665, was a son of the Archduchess of Margaret of Austria (1584–1611) . He was in his first marriage to Élisabeth de Bourbon , a sister of King Louis XIII. of France, and second marriage to an Austrian princess Maria Anna of Austria (1634–1696) - a sister of Emperor Leopold I and daughter of King Philip III. of Spain - married, with King Charles II of Spain from the second marriage.

The sisters of King Philip IV were also married in a balanced way: The Infanta Anna of Spain (1601–1666) was married to Louis XIII. , King of France, the father of King Louis XIV and her sister Maria Anna of Spain (1606–1646) was with Ferdinand III. , Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and father of Emperor Leopold I, married.

At the end of the reign of King Philip IV, the Austrian succession seemed certain, as he expressly excluded the succession to France in his will in 1665 and stipulated that in the event of a premature death of the ailing Infante Charles II, his daughter, the Infanta Margarita Theresa of Spain ( † 1673), the wife of Emperor Leopold I, and after her the descendants of his sister, the Infanta Maria Anna of Spain (1606–1646), the wife of Emperor Ferdinand III., Should inherit the Spanish kingdoms.

In Spain, however, reigned since 1665 the meanwhile the guardianship of his mother Maria Anna of Austria (1634-1696) and ailing son of King Philip IV, Charles II, whereby the Spanish succession became a European bone of contention.

King Charles II deviated significantly from the clear line of his father by his first marriage in 1679 Marie Louise d'Orléans (1662, † 1689), the eldest daughter of Duke Philip of France, Duke of Orléans , who was a brother of King Ludwig XIV of France was, and in 1690 married Maria Anna Princess of Pfalz-Neuburg (* 1667 - 16 July 1740), who was a daughter of Philipp Wilhelm Elector of the Palatinate from 1685 to 1690. A relationship with Austria existed only insofar as Karl II. Second wife, a sister of the wife of Emperor Leopold I, Eleonore Magdalene von Pfalz-Neuburg (* 1655, † 1720) and mother among others of the Archduke of Austria - and potential heirs of Spanish crown - Joseph I (* 1678; † 1711) and Karl (* 1685; † 1740).

With the sisters of King Charles II - who were able to convey important inheritance claims - France had succeeded in winning the older sister of King Charles II, the Infanta Maria Teresa of Spain (1638–1683), as the wife of King Louis XIV while his Austrian opponent Emperor Leopold I only got the younger Infanta Margarita Teresa (1651–1673) as his wife.

Prince Elector of Bavaria Joseph Ferdinand

Unexpected and irritating for Vienna was that suddenly the maternal great-grandson of the Spanish King Philip IV , Joseph Ferdinand von Bayern (* 1692 in Vienna; † 1699), beyond Habsburg, so to speak - became a promising competitor. This is because he was a son of Elector Maximilian II Emanuel of Bavaria and his first wife Maria Antonia of Austria , a daughter of Emperor Leopold I and his first wife Margarita Theresa of Spain , and thus a great-grandson of King Philip IV.

In view of this situation, Harrach should underline that the Emperor and Archduke Karl were one degree closer blood relatives to the Spanish king than King Louis XIV.

In addition, the existence of fundamental legal obstacles should be underlined, because in the marriage contracts of Infanta Anna of Austria (1601–1666) a daughter of Philip III. of Spain, who with Louis XIII. was married, as well as that of Infanta Maria Theresa, who was married to King Louis XIV, there were clear clauses in which they had expressly waived the Spanish succession for themselves and their descendants.

Harrach should also remind the king that in the House of Austria one always paid attention to the welfare of the whole house, which is why the king should not deviate from this tradition. If necessary, imperial auxiliary troops and the dispatch of an imperial prince to Spain at the emperor's expense could also be offered. Ultimately, Harrach was supposed to point out the substantial disadvantages that would accrue to the Kingdom of Spain through an annexation to France, through which Spain would be degraded to a provincial appendage of the French kingdom.

At the court of Madrid

Equipped with these instructions, Harrach left Vienna on March 13, 1697 and went via Florence to Madrid, where he arrived at the end of May 1697.

At the royal court of Madrid, Harrach, as the extraordinary ambassador of Emperor Leopold I, was warmly received by both King Karl II and Queen Maria Anna of the Palatinate. The latter was a daughter of the Elector Philipp Wilhelm von der Pfalz and a sister of the wife of Emperor Leopold I, Eleonore Magdalene von Pfalz-Neuburg (* 1655, † 1720) and thus an aunt among others of the Archduke of Austria - and potential heirs of the Spanish Crown - Joseph I (* 1678; † 1711) and Karl (* 1685; † 1740). At the same time, after the death of her mother-in-law, Queen Maria Anna (Archduchess of Austria), she often performed her role as regent of Spanen and sometimes referred to herself as the “first minister” of her husband.

In this matter, King Charles II was not averse to the succession to the throne from Archduke Karl, but he felt that this required some preparation and the strictest secrecy. Queen Maria Anna, on the other hand, showed great benevolence at the first private audience on June 2, 1697 and offered Harrach her support. At the same time, Harrach managed to win the support of the Queen's first lady-in-waiting, Countess Maria Josefa von Berlepsch.

In Madrid the court was split into two factions - one was for and the other against an Austrian solution to the question of succession. During much of King Karl's reign, the pro-Austrian faction dominated, under the leadership of King Charles II's mother, the queen-widow Maria Anna Archduchess of Austria. After her death in 1696, his wife Maria Anna von der Pfalz took over this role, as her older sister Eleonore was the third wife of Emperor Leopold I. On the other hand, some of the grandees were under the leadership of the Cardinal Archbishop of Toledo, Luis Manuel Fernández de Portocarrero, who followed a pro-French course.

In Spain, Harrach's appearance was viewed critically by the anti-Austria party and - despite strict secrecy - a connection with the succession was suspected. Thanks to the intervention of the Queen, however, the opposition that dominated the State Council was pacified.

Portrait of Cardinal Luis Manuel Fernández de Portocarrero

Harrach therefore endeavored to win over the most important representatives of the anti-Austrian party in the Council of State and in particular the powerful Cardinal Archbishop of Toledo and Primate of Spain (1677 to 1709) for his cause and to reconcile them with the Queen, which, however, was due to the violence the Queen failed, who was unpopular in large parts of Spain and was described as "German, red-haired and unsympathetic".

Harrach achieved a breakthrough when he managed to get King Karl II to write a personal letter to Emperor Leopold in which he promised the establishment of Archduke Karl as heir to the throne and expressed the wish that the Archduke should come to Spain . At the same time, requests were made to send auxiliary troops. Harrach sent this letter to Vienna through his son at the end of June 1697, while at the same time he was drafting a memorandum for the Council of State on behalf of the Queen, in which he underlined the importance of Archduke Karl's trip to Spain.

In the meantime, however, international politics came to the fore from the outside, since in August 1697 French troops attacked Spain and were occupying Barcelona. Spain was therefore ready to make peace with France.

Prior to this, in May 1697, with Swedish mediation, discussions had started at Rijswijk about the Nine Years War by the Vienna Great Alliance , consisting of Emperor Leopold I, England, Spain, Sweden, the Netherlands, spa Bavaria, Electorate of Saxony, Kurbrandenburg, etc., against France to end. Finally, the peace of Rijswijk on 20/21. Completed September 1697 - but without Emperor Leopold I, since there - contrary to Austrian efforts - the important question of the succession to the throne in Spain had not been decided. It was not until October 1697 that Wenzel Anton von Kaunitz-Rietberg (* 1711, † 1794) Austrian State Chancellor (1753–1792) subsequently agreed to the contract.

Harrach's bilateral negotiations regarding the succession to the throne and the dispatch of Austrian troops to Barcelona were delayed by the influence of Cardinal Portocarrero, while at the same time the imperial interests were considerably impaired by Spain's surrender of Barcelona to the French troops on August 11 and the subsequent Peace of Ryswick were.

Harrach's efforts to prevent the interests of Spain from being attacked again by French troops by reinforcing the troops in Catalonia were ignored in the State Council and, on the contrary, in October 1697 the small Spanish army was reduced by half.

In Vienna, Harrach's reports about the defenselessness of Spain were not found very convincing and there were also considerable reservations about the sending of Archduke Karl and Austrian auxiliary troops to Spain. The instructions Harrach received from Vienna therefore made his efforts to secure the Spanish heritage for Austria more difficult. Harrach also made suggestions for improving the system of government and promoted the removal of Admiral Melgar and the confessor, Father Matilla, by other personalities devoted to the Austrian cause, which did not have the hoped-for success. The project of recalling the exiled Oropesa failed because of the Queen's harsh opposition. It took all of Harrach's dexterity to avoid a complete break with the queen.

At the end of 1697, Harrach fell ill - probably worn down by the trench warfare at the Spanish court. After his recovery, Harrach made the mistake in January 1698 of winning the Queen's closest confidante, Countess Berlepsch, for the Austrian cause through gifts and threats, creating a scheming and dangerous enemy for himself.

In February 1698, King Charles II fell seriously ill, so that his immediate death was feared. Harrach tried to convince the frightened queen that she should bring the king from the mendicant surroundings at court to the country for recreation. However, this was just as futile as his warnings against the influence of Cardinal Portocarrero and the warning not to allow any of the representatives of the French and Bavarian alternative succession arrangements to approach the king. He promised the queen immediate imperial help and implored her to do everything possible to induce King Charles II to draw up a will, which Archduke Karl provided as heir.

At the beginning of March 1698, Harrach reported to Vienna that, contrary to expectations, he had succeeded in obtaining the recall of the Count of Oropesa, Manuel Joaquín Álvarez de Toledo, an opponent of Cardinal Archbishop Portocarrero, and that he was optimistic about the victory of the imperial cause be.

When the king recovered and the influence of his wife increased again, Countess Berlepsch retaliated by informing the queen of Harrach's involvement in the recall of Count Oropesa in a hateful manner. Harrach subsequently lost the Queen's support.

When the emperor finally wanted to give in to Harrach's insistence on sending Archduke Karl and troops, it was too late because his influence on the members of the Spanish Council of State was no longer sufficient to implement them. So Harrach knew that his mission had ultimately failed, yet he warned the queen again about the dire consequences that deviating from the imperial line would bring for herself. In his own view, the emperor's fearful policies and his untimely thrift, along with the queen's arrogance, would have been the causes of the failure of his mission.

Chief Chamberlain and First Minister

On October 9, 1698, Harrach finished his mission and left Madrid. His son Aloys Thomas Raimund Graf von Harrach was appointed as his successor as ambassador to Spain . When he arrived in Vienna in 1698 at the first audience of Emperor Leopold I, he was appointed imperial court master as the successor to Prince Ferdinand von Dietrichstein, an office that Harrach held until his death in 1705. At the same time he became the chairman of the state conference and head of foreign policy. Undoubtedly he followed the further development - and with it the severe setback for the Austrian efforts - in the decisive question of the Spanish throne also in his new function as first minister.

England and France had begun secret negotiations during Harrach's mission in Madrid, which led to the conclusion of the Treaty of Den with King Louis XIV for France on October 11, 1698 , between the King of England William III of Orange-Nassau - and governor of the Netherlands Hag, also known as the first Spanish partition treaty. Its purpose was to impose on Spain and Austria - who were excluded from the secret negotiations - a solution to the question of succession that was acceptable to the signatories. France had tried in vain in the negotiations to make Louis de Bourbon, dauphin de Viennois - the only legitimate son of King Louis XIV - the heir of Spain, but this failed due to resistance from England, which is why the six-year-old Prince Elector Joseph Ferdinand of Bavaria (* October 28, 1692 in Vienna; † February 6, 1699 in Brussels) was designated as the heir of the Spanish Empire. He was the son of Elector Maximilian II Emanuel of Bavaria and his first wife Maria Antonia of Austria , a daughter of Emperor Leopold I and his first wife Margarita Theresa of Spain. Joseph Ferdinand was thus a great-grandson of the Spanish King Philip IV on his mother's side. He was to receive most of the Spanish Empire, while the rest was to be divided between France (the kingdoms of Naples and Sicily) and Austria (Duchy of Milan).

Although this solution appeared to Queen Maria Anna (as Princess of the Palatinate) as an acceptable compromise, it met with massive opposition in Spain. King Karl II, however, only opposed the partition of his empire and published his will on November 14, 1698, in which he - regardless of previous promises to Austria - appointed Prince Elector Joseph Ferdinand to heir - all territories - of the Spanish monarchy and his own Wife Maria Anna set up as regent during his minority. This compromise solution failed, however, since the chosen heir - the six-year-old Prince Elector Joseph Ferdinand of Bavaria suddenly died in February 1699 - presumably of smallpox.

Then there were renewed bilateral negotiations that led to the Treaty of London. This led to a development that was favorable for Austria, because the name of the deceased Elector Prince Joseph Ferdinand was replaced by that of Archduke Karl of Austria, making him the heir of the Spanish Empire. He would get Spain, the overseas possessions, and the Spanish Netherlands. France should receive the kingdoms of Naples and Sicily as well as the Duchy of Milan, and then exchange these possessions: the Duchy of Milan for the Duchy of Lorraine and the kingdoms of Naples and Sicily with Victor Amadeus Duke of Savoy for Nice and Savoy.

Leopold I - probably not without the participation of his first minister, Count Harrach - accepted the principle of partitioning Spain, but opposed the surrender of Spanish territories in Italy to France - in particular the strategically important Milan, and he also rejected the transfer of the Duchy of Lorraine, which was only returned to the legitimate Hereditary Duke in 1697, who was Leopold's nephew. Spain, on the other hand, rejected any division. Therefore, in the end, neither Emperor Leopold I nor King Karl II nor Duke Viktor Amadeus II of Savoy agreed to the treaty.

In the meantime, the king's health deteriorated dramatically, whereupon Prime Minister Cardinal Portocarrero persuaded the king to inherit the grandson of Louis XIV Philip of Anjou instead of Archduke Charles and to destroy all previous versions of his last will. King Charles II finally died in November 1700, whereupon Spain offered the throne to Philip of Anjou, who naturally accepted and was proclaimed King of Spain as Philip V on November 16, 1700. That was the prelude to the War of the Spanish Succession , which was only ended on September 7, 1714 by the Peace of Baden - and thus only long after Harrach's death.

Harrach subsequently proved himself to be the closest discreet advisor, the oldest minister, and the emperor's chief steward, but without taking any political initiatives himself. He was also with his emperor in the last hour. Harrach noted in his diary on April 17, 1705 that Emperor Leopold I had accepted the advice of his doctors and had decided not to go on a planned hunting trip near Laxenburg, but the first signs of a heart attack appeared the next day, as he felt painful pressure the left side of the chest, showed shortness of breath and loss of appetite. On May 5, 1705, the day of his death, the emperor received the last unction from the court chaplain in the presence of the court master Harrach and the chief chamberlain. Then the Chamberlain handed him the death candle and the confessor said the prayers for the death.

Harrach made his last public appearance in old age on September 22nd, 1705 when the Lower Austrian estates paid tribute to Emperor Josef I, where Ferdinand Bonaventura I, Imperial Count of Harrach zu Rohrau, appeared in his capacity as Colonel Hereditary Stable Master. He died in Karlsbad in Bohemia, where he took part in a "well cure" on June 15, 1706.

Rating

An evaluation of Harrach can be found in Frank Huss, according to which Harrach was a particularly amiable, polite and tactful person, who, however, lacked decisiveness for all his intelligence. However, it must also be taken into account that Harrach's complete success in the line of succession to the Spanish throne was questionable from the start and external influences, such as the acute interests of other European states, were ultimately considerably more effective than even the best efforts of an ambassador.

possession

Gentlemen

Rohrau - Harrach Castle (1)

Ferdinand Bonaventura I. Imperial Count of Harrach zu Rohrau was lord of the Reichslehens Rohrau in Austria in the district of Bruck an der Leitha in Lower Austria, already in 1524 Leonhard III. von Harrach by Georg III. Graf von Montfort had acquired, which in 1627 had been raised to an imperial county in favor of his grandfather, Count Karl von Harrach. He succeeded in making this property, which was very indebted at the time of the takeover, debt-free.

Bruck Castle on the Leitha; front

He also owned the estate of Bruck an der Leitha , which had been in lien since 1560 and had been freely owned by the family since 1625, including the toll there and the transfer to Göttelsbrunn, and acquired it in 1684 from his cousin Leonhard Ulrich Graf von Harrach from the older line of his house through a comparison, which Emperor Leopold I confirmed in Laxenburg Castle on May 3, 1688, the Lords of Stauff and Aschach (owned by the family since 1622) both in Upper Austria.

Aschach Castle, south side

In order to preserve his property for future generations, he set up a Fideikommiss and a Majorat from his property on February 4, 1697 , which Emperor Leopold I confirmed on March 14, 1697.

Freistadt Castle

On September 25, 1697, Emperor Leopold transferred to him the rule of Freistadt in Austria ob der Enns, including the large Freiwald and all other affiliations, for the pledge of the counts Slavata von Chlum and Koschumberg in the amount of 97,835 guilders, which he had for life and according to him, two generations of his descendants should enjoy without offsetting the income. Later he brought the rule, which was estimated at 300,000 guilders, according to the purchase and transfer of inheritance letter of December 31, 1700, to which the court chamber replied to the property on June 3, 1701. He also incorporated this property into his will, which he established in Karlsbad on June 12, 1706, and incorporated this rule into his entails.

In the Kingdom of Bohemia he owned the dominions Branna, Wikowa, Stösser and inherited from his brother-in-law Karl Ferdinand Graf von Waldstein in 1701 Jilemnice (German: Starkenbach ) a town and dominion in Okres Semily , Liberecký kraj in the Giant Mountains in the Czech Republic , and he added to this property 1701 bought the upper share and the goods Rostock, Ponicklo etc. from Paul Freiherrn Harrant von Polschitz and Weseritz for 142,000 guilders

Harrach Palace

Harrach Palace

In Vienna, Count Ferdinand Bonaventura I acquired in 1683 on the Schottenbastei on the Freyung in the first Viennese district of Inner City from Johann Ferdinand Prince von Auersperg (* 1655; † 1705) the ruined palace, which was already in the possession of his grandfather in 1628 of Count Karl von Harrach had found. Ferdinand Bonaventura I left there after the architect Christian Alexander Oedtl (around 1661-1737), with subsequent improvements by the Roman architect Domenico Martinelli (1650-1718) and in 1701 by Lucas von Hildebrandt (1668-1745) in the Baroque style , the Build Palais Harrach as a city residence, which remained in the family for 300 years.

Marriage and offspring

marriage

Family coat of arms of the von Lamberg
Johann Maximilian Count of Lamberg (1648), father-in-law of Ferdinand I, Count of Harrach

Ferdinand Bonaventura I Count von Harrach married Johanna Theresia Countess von Lamberg , Lady of the Star Cross (* baptized December 30, 1639), who died as a widow at the age of 77 on February 3, 1716 in Vienna on October 28, 1662 . She was a daughter of Johann Maximilian Reichsgraf von Lamberg Freiherr zu Ortenegg and Ottenstein (* 1608, † 1682), who - like his son-in-law Harrach - an imperial diplomat and minister, and chief negotiator and signer of the Peace of Westphalia and also one of Harrach's predecessors imperial ambassador to Madrid. And was a knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece . He was considered "one of the greatest and most experienced state ministers of the 17th Seculi".

Count Lamberg had married in Vienna on July 25, 1635 Rebecca Maria Judith Mistress von Wrbna and Freudenthal, imperial court lady and star cross order lady, the daughter of Georg the Elder of Wrbna and Freudenthal († in exile, May 20, 1625), Lord of Freudenthal , Helfenstein, Kwassitz, Leipnik, Weissenkirchen and Drahotusch, imperial councilor and treasurer, member of the Moravian board of directors, from 1619 to 1621 chief magistrate of the margraviate of Moravia, from his second marriage to Helena von Wrbna, the heirloom of Albrecht the younger Wrbna on Gross-Herrlitz .

progeny

Alois Thomas Raimund Graf von Harrach
  1. Karl Graf von Harrach (* November 1, 1662, † 1668) He was imperial captain of the Schärffenberg regiment, unmarried, took part in the siege of fortress furnace and fell in 1668 in the trenches of the fortress.
  2. Maria Josepha Countess of Harrach, (* Vienna February 14, 1663, † Salzburg December 14, 1741); ⚭ Johann Joseph Graf von Kuenburg (* Unter-Cerau April 19, 1652; † Salzburg March 9, 1726)
  3. Franz Anton Count von Harrach (born October 2, 1665 in Vienna , † July 18, 1727 in Salzburg ). He chose the ecclesiastical status, studied theology and canon law in Rome, became canons of Salzburg and Passau, was then Prince-Bishop of Vienna from 1702 to 1706 and was one of the most important Prince-Archbishops of the Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg from 1709 to 1727 , Legatus natus of the Holy See and Primate of Germany and was elevated ad personam to the rank of imperial prince by Emperor Leopold I. He died on July 18, 1727 in Salzburg.
  4. Aloys Thomas Raymund Graf von Harrach (* March 7, 1669, † November 7, 1742, buried in the family crypt in the Augustiner Hofkirche in Vienna.) Heir to the Fideikommisses, Oberst-Erbland-Stallmeister in Austria under and above the Enns, kk more real secret and state conference minister, chamberlain, land marshal u. General-Landoberster in Austria under the Enns, 1697 ambassador at the royal court in Spain, viceroy of Naples and Sicily from 1728 to 1733. His first marriage was on April 22, 1691, Countess Maria Barbara von Sternberg , († June 18, 1694) , a daughter of Wenzel Adalbert Graf von Sternberg, the highest court master in the Kingdom of Bohemia († 1708) and Clara Bernhardine von Maltzahn († 1719), second marriage on August 22, 1695, Maria Anna Cä cilia Countess of Thannhausen , lady of the star cross, (* Graz March 24, 1674; † Vienna February 15, 1721) Daughter of Count Johann Joseph I gnaz von Thannhausen von Thannhausen on Ober-Pettau, Semriach, Wachsenberg and Sturmberg, chief land hunter in Styria, inheritance of the Archbishopric Salzburg and Anna Truchsess of Wetzhausen and third marriage on June 8, 1721 Maria Ernestina Countess von Dietrichstein (* July 13, 1683; † Vienna January 30, 1744), a daughter of Count Philipp Sigismund Count von Dietrichstein (without children)
    1. (from 1st marriage) Countess Maria Philippine Josepha Countess von Harrach (* Vienna 9 January 1693; † Prague 2 April 1763); ⚭ Count Johann Franz von Thun and Hohenstein (* June 16, 1686 - June 30, 1720) ancestor of the lines in Klösterle, Tetschen, Choltic and Benatek-Ronsberg
    2. (from 2nd marriage) Friedrich August Gervasius Protasius Graf von Harrach, (* Vienna June 18, 1696; † Vienna June 4, 1749; ⚭ 1719 Maria Eleonore Karolina Princess von und zu Liechtenstein (* 1703; † approx. July 18, 1757 ), Sister of Prince Jo seph I Johann Adam († 1732), daughter of Prince Anton Florian vuz Lichtenstein († 1721), the first ruling prince of the Principality of Liechtenstein and closer ancestor of the house)
    3. Maria Anna Countess of Harrach, (* October 21, 1698; † September 14, 1758) ⚭ I. Ludwig von Discounta; ⚭ II. Zikmund Gustav Hrzan von Harasov († December 21, 1763)
    4. Karl Joseph Gervasius Graf von Harrach (* June 19, 1700; † Passau June 20, 1714)
    5. Maria Aloysia Countess of Harrach (* January 13, 1702; † May 16, 1775; ⚭ February 13, 1721 (his 2nd marriage) Franz Anton 3rd Prince of Lamberg (* September 30, 1678; † August 23, 1759))
    6. Wenzel Leopold Joseph Stanislaus Graf von Harrach (born November 13, 1703; † falls near Parma June 29, 1734)
    7. Johann Ernst Emanuel Joseph Graf von Harrach (April 9, 1705; † Rome December 17, 1739) Bishop of Neutra (1737–1739)
    8. Ferdinand Bonaventure II. Count of Harrach (April 11, 1708; † January 28, 1778) ⚭ I. Maria Elisabeth Countess of Gallas, a daughter of the viceroy in Naples, Count Johann Wenzel von Gallas ; ⚭ II. October 9, 1740 his cousin Maria Rosa Countess von Harrach (* August 20, 1721; † August 29, 1785); Daughter of Count Friedrich August (see above)
      1. Maria Rosalia Countess von Harrach (* from 2nd marriage, Vienna November 25, 1758; † Vienna March 31, 1814; ⚭ Vienna April 23, 1777 Joseph Ernst 4th Prince Kinsky von Wchinitz and Tettau (* Vienna January 12, 1751; † Prague August 11, 1798)) (closer ancestor of Prince Kinsky)
  5. Maria Josepha Countess of Harrach, (* Vienna February 14, 1663; † Salzburg December 14, 1741) ⚭ Johann Joseph Graf von Khüenburg (* Unter-Cerau April 19, 1652; † Salzburg March 9, 1726)
  6. Maria Rosa Angelika Countess of Harrach, (* February 23, 1674; † August 30, 1742), ⚭ July 18, 1700 Philipp Karl Emanuel Prince of Longueval Count von Bouquoy, (* 1673; † Vienna March 4, 1703) (childless)
  7. Johann Joseph Graf von Harrach (* October 22, 1678; † August 8, 1764) was a Knight of the Teutonic Order from 1712 , became Grand Commander of the Austrian Ballei, Commander of the Order of Vienna, Wiener Neustadt, Graz and Linz, was a real secret State Conference Councilor, Chamberlain and court war council president, field marshal and colonel of a regiment on foot. He fought in wars in the German Empire, Hungary and Italy and died at the age of 86 on August 8, 1764 and was buried in St. Elisabeth's Church in the Teutonic Order in Vienna.

ancestors

Ernst the Iron
Albrecht II of Habsburg
Titian: Pope Paul III. Farnese

1. Ferdinand Bonaventure I Imperial Count of Harrach (1636–1706)

Parents :

2. Otto Friedrich Count of Harrach (1610–1648)

3. Lavinia Gonzaga Countess of Novellara † 1639

Grandparents:

4. Karl I Imperial Count of Harrach (1570–1628)

5. Maria Elisabeth Freiin von Schrattenbach (1575–1653)

6. Camillo Gonzaga, conte di Novellara (1581-1650)

7. Caterina d'Avalos d'Aquino d'Aragona (1586-1618)

Great grandparents:

8. Leonhard V. von Harrach Baron of Rohrau (1542–1597)

9. Maria Jakobäa Countess of Hohenzollern (1549–1578)

10. Maximilian von Schrattenbach Freiherr zu Heggenberg and Osterwitz (1537-1618)

11. Anna Grasswein from Weyer and Orth

12. Alfonso I Gonzaga, conte di Novellara (1529–1589)

13. Vittoria di Capua † 1627

14. Alfonso Felice d'Avalos d'Aquino d'Aragona principe di Francavilla (1564–1593)

15. Lavinia della Rovere principessa di Urbino (1558–1632)

Great-great-grandparents:

16. Leonhard IV. Von Harrach Baron of Rohrau (1514–1590)

17. Barbara von Windisch-Graetz († 1580)

18. Count Karl I of Hohenzollern (1516–1576)

19. Anna Margravine of Baden-Durlach (1512–1579)

20. Pankraz von Schrattenbach († 1559)

21. Elisabeth Sauer von Kosiak, woman on Heggenberg († 1571)

22. Wilhelm Grasswein on Weyer and Orth

23. Helena von Herberstein

24. Alessandro Gonzaga, conte di Novellara († 1530)

25. Costanza da Correggio († 1563)

26. Giovanni Tommaso di Capua, marchese della Torre di Francolise († 1562)

27. Faustina Colonna

28. Ferrante Francesco d ' Avalos , principe di Francavilla (1531–1571)

29. Isabella Gonzaga, principessa di Mantova (1537–1579)

30. Guidobaldo II. Della Rovere , Duke of Urbino (1514–1574)

31. Vittoria Farnese principessa di Parma e Piacenza (1521–1602)


If you go back a little further in the genealogical table, then in the paternal part of the genealogical table there are also members of the House of Austria, such as Ernst the Iron Duke of Austria in Styria, Carinthia and Carniola († 1424) and Albrecht V. Duke von Austria , Styria and Carniola , King of Bohemia and King of Hungary but also Albrecht Achilles Elector of Brandenburg († 1486) Karl Margrave of Baden († 1475) and Casimir IV. King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania († 1492) Im The maternal - Italian - part of the pedigree can be found further back including the dukes of Mantua , Urbino and Parma and even an important Pope: Paul III. Farnese , who ruled from 1534 to 1549 and was the ancestor of the Dukes of Parma and Piacenza .

literature

  • ADB: Harrach, Ferdinand Bonaventura Graf von In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie. Volume 10 1879, pp. 629-632.
  • Arnold Gaedeke: The politics of Austria in the Spanish question of succession. 2 volumes. Leipzig 1877.
  • Harrach Palace. History, revitalization and restoration of the house on the Freyung in Vienna. Österreichische Realitäten AG, 1995, ISBN 3-85320-713-8 .
  • John P. Spielmann: Leopold I. Not born to power. Styria Verlag, 1981, ISBN 3-222-11339-4 .
  • Franz Karl Wißgrill: scene of the rural Lower Austrian nobility in the lordship and knighthood. Volume 4, p. 165. (archive.org)
  • Constant von Wurzbach: Biographical Lexicon of the Empire of Austria. Seventh part, p. 373 (literature.at)
  • Erich Zöllner, Therese Schüssel: The becoming of Austria. Tosa Verlag, Vienna, 1990, ISBN 3-215-01618-4 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ European family tables. Volume I, plate 147.
  2. ↑ European family tables. Volume I, plate 132.
  3. ↑ Siebmacher's Grosses Wappenbuch. Volume 26: The arms of the nobility in Lower Austria. Part 2: SZ. Verlag Bauer and Raspe, 1983, ISBN 3-87947-036-7 , p. 87.
  4. ↑ FK Wißgrill: scene of the rural Lower Austrian nobility. Volume 4, p. 165.
  5. ↑ FK Wißgrill: scene of the rural Lower Austrian nobility. Volume 4, p. 165.
  6. ↑ treaty text in: Arséne Lagrelle: La diplomacy Francaise et la succession d'Espagne. 2nd Edition. Volume 1, Braine-le-Comte 1895-1899, p. 518.
  7. ^ Anton Victor Felgel: Harrach, Ferdinand Bonaventura. In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie. published by the Historical Commission at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences, Volume 10 (1879), pp. 629–632. (As of November 3, 2019)
  8. ↑ John P. Spielmann: Leopold I. Not born to power. Styria Verlag, 1981, p. 55.
  9. ↑ John P. Spielmann: Leopold I. Not born to power. P. 55.
  10. ↑ John P. Spielmann: Leopold I. Not born to power. P.56.
  11. ↑ John P. Spielmann: Leopold I. Not born to power. P. 57.
  12. ^ John P. Spielman: Leopold I. Not born to power. P. 75.
  13. ↑ Harrach, Ferdinand Bonaventura Count von. In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie. Volume 10, pp. 629-632.
  14. ^ Frank Huss: The Viennese imperial court. A cultural history from Leopold I to Leopold II ... Casimir Katz Verlag, 2008, ISBN 978-3-938047-29-3 , p. 40.
  15. ↑ European Family Tables New Series, Volume II, Plate 29
  16. ↑ European Family Tables New Series. Volume I, plate 15.
  17. ↑ European Family Tables New Series. Volume II, plate 29.
  18. ↑ European Family Tables New Series, Volume I, Plate 15
  19. ↑ European Family Tables New Series. Volume II, plate 37.
  20. ↑ European Family Tables, New Series. Volume 2, plate 29. (Kings of France)
  21. ↑ European Family Tables New Series. Volume 1, plates 15 and 16. (Erzhaus IV. And V.)
  22. ↑ Harrach, Ferdinand Bonaventura Count von. In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie. Volume 10, pp. 629-632.
  23. ↑ Harrach, Ferdinand Bonaventura Count von. In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie. Volume 10, pp. 629-632.
  24. ^ Frank Huss: The Viennese imperial court. A cultural history from Leopold I to Leopold II ... Casimir Katz Verlag, 2008, ISBN 978-3-938047-29-3 , p. 40.
  25. ↑ de.wikisource.org
  26. ^ Frank Huss: The Viennese imperial court. A cultural history from Leopold I to Leopold II ... Casimir Katz Verlag, 2008, ISBN 978-3-938047-29-3 , p. 316.
  27. ↑ Erich Zöllner, Therese Schüssel: Becoming Austria. S. 147, Tosa Verlag, Vienna 1990.
  28. ↑ Erich Zöllner, Therese Schüssel: Becoming Austria. S. 147, Tosa Verlag, Vienna 1990.
  29. ^ Frank Huss: The Viennese imperial court. A cultural history from Leopold I to Leopold II ... Casimir Katz Verlag, 2008, ISBN 978-3-938047-29-3 , p. 41.
  30. ^ Frank Huss: The Viennese imperial court. A cultural history from Leopold I to Leopold II ... Casimir Katz Verlag, 2008, ISBN 978-3-938047-29-3 , p. 42.
  31. ↑ FK Wißgrill: scene of the rural Lower Austrian nobility. Volume 4, p. 166.
  32. ^ Frank Huss: The Viennese imperial court. A cultural history from Leopold I to Leopold II. P. 22.
  33. ↑ Rohrau Castle Harrach. (burgen-austria.com)
  34. ^ Bruck / Leitha - Prugg Castle. (burgen-austria.com)
  35. ↑ Harrach Palace. In: Wilhelm Georg Rizzi: Harrach Palace on the Freyung in Austrian Realities Corporation (ÖRAG). 1995, ISBN 3-85320-713-8 , p. 11.
  36. ↑ FK Wißgrill: scene of the rural Lower Austrian nobility. Volume 4, p. 165.
  37. ^ Marek Genealogy. Euweb Harrach http://genealogy.euweb.cz/bohemia/harrach2.html
  38. ↑ FK Wißgrill: scene of the rural Lower Austrian nobility. Volume 4, p. 166.
  39. ^ Lamberg, Johann Maximilian Graf von. In: Johann Heinrich Zedler : Large complete universal lexicon of all sciences and arts . Volume 16, Leipzig 1737, columns 284-286.
  40. ↑ Siebmacher's Great Book of Arms. Volume 36: The coats of arms of the nobility in Lower Austria. Part 2: S – Z. Pp. 599/600.
  41. ↑ FK Wißgrill: scene of the rural Lower Austrian nobility. Volume 4, p. 167.
  42. ↑ Siebmacher's Grosses Wappenbuch. Volume 26: The coats of arms of the nobility in Lower Austria. Part 2: S – Z. Verlag Bauer & Raspe, 1983, ISBN 3-87947-036-7 , p. 322.
  43. ^ Marek Genealogy. Euweb: Thun genealogy.euweb.cz
  44. ^ Marek Genealogy. Euweb / Lamberg http://genealogy.euweb.cz/lamberg/lamberg8.html#FA
  45. ↑ Wißgrill gives the date of death March 3, 1703
  46. ↑ European Family Tables New Series. Volume I, plate 14.
  47. ↑ European Family Tables New Series. Volume I, plate 14.
  48. ↑ European Family Tables New Series. Volume I, plate 153.
  49. ↑ European Family Tables New Series. Volume I, plate 130.
  50. ↑ European Family Tables New Series. Volume II, plate 126.
personal data
SURNAME Harrach, Ferdinand Bonaventura I. von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Harrach, Ferdinand Bonaventura I. Imperial Count of
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian diplomat and minister under Emperor Leopold I.
DATE OF BIRTH July 14, 1637
DATE OF DEATH June 15, 1706
Place of death Carlsbad