Soccer in Munich
The football in Munich began the end of the 19th century on the Theresienwiese , where since 1810 every year the Oktoberfest takes place. In 1896, the Terra Pila association for lawn sports, probably the oldest football club in the city, was founded, which three years later was converted into the 1st Munich FC in 1896 by some of the fellow campaigners . However, the football activities of the club, which no longer existed, were discontinued in 1910. One year after Terra Pila, the football department at MTV Munich was founded in 1879, the oldest still existing Munich football team. After part of the soccer team fell out with the main club because it refused to join the South German Football Association, the renegade players founded a new club with FC Bayern Munich . In the years before the First World War , these two football teams were the great competitors for supremacy in Munich football.
After the First World War, MTV fell more and more into insignificance, while FC Bayern, with FC Wacker and TSV 1860, two new competitors for supremacy in the city grew. FC Wacker, who still likes to refer to himself as “Munich's secret love”, enjoyed the highest levels of sympathy among Munich football fans between the two world wars. But immediately after the Second World War , the heyday of the “bluestars” ended and the dominance of the “Bavarians” and “sixties” crystallized in the Bavarian capital, which lasted until around 1970. With the relegation of the sixties to the Regionalliga Süd at the end of the 1969/70 season , the creeping decline of the "lions" began, which even slipped into the third-class Bayernliga after the license was withdrawn in 1982 and returned to league games for the first time in the 1982/83 season met FC Wacker, who wrested two draws from the sixties and even took the place immediately in front of the "lions" in the final table. The sixties spent the rest of the 1980s in the Bayernliga and in the 2017/18 season , after relegation from the 2nd Bundesliga and the license refusal for the 3rd division, even played only fourth-class in the Bavarian regional league for the first time in the club's history . During the period of the creeping decline of the sixties, FC Bayern strengthened its sporting supremacy not only in Munich, but also in Germany for a long time .
But apart from the great successes of FC Bayern Munich - German record champions, record cup winners and the best German club in the European Cup - the city of Munich can point to special football successes, to which TSV 1860 also contributed. Munich was represented by two clubs in the Bundesliga for a total of 18 seasons, which is longer than any other city ( Hamburg follows with HSV and FC St. Pauli in second place with seven years together ). But what is even more important: Munich is the only city that has already had two Bundesliga champions. And in 1966 , in the championship year of the “Lions”, FC Bayern won the DFB Cup , so that the clubs, perceived so contrary to the public, together won the first “ double ” for the city of Munich. A special honor for the sixties, which have been notoriously unsuccessful for half a century, may be the fact that they provided the first Munich team to win the national cup competition and the first Bundesliga championship. They would even have been the first Munich club to win the German soccer championship in 1931 (which Bayern achieved a year later) had they not been massively disadvantaged by the referee in the final. This “scandal game” will receive increased attention in the following chapter.
History of the most important Munich football clubs
For the first time in the 1901/02 season a Munich city championship was held, which was repeatedly won by Bayern Munich in the first few years.
At the beginning of the 1904/05 season , the Upper Bavaria Gaume Championship was held for the first time, but only Munich clubs took part and was therefore to be equated with the Munich City Championship. The tournament, which was held annually until the 1908/09 season , was won three times by MTV 1879 and twice by FC Bayern.
As a result of the Ostkreis championship introduced in the 1909/10 season , the Munich clubs in the south season also met clubs from other cities in southern Bavaria for the first time, such as MTV Augsburg in this case , as well as their two best representatives (also in this season FC Bayern and MTV 1879) in the final round to the two best teams in the North Season , 1. FC Nürnberg and SpVgg Fürth . In the final round in 1909/10 , FC Bayern won all 6 matches and thus the undisputed first Ostkreis championship. In the following 1910/11 season , all Bavarian teams played in a round-robin tournament with ten teams, including Munich's four best clubs, FC Bayern (which successfully defended his title), MTV 1879, FC Wacker and TSV 1860. The following seasons were dominated by the two Franconian rivals , who divided the title of Eastern District Master among themselves until the end of the First World War (the “clovers” from Fürth were successful four times, the “Clubberer” twice), while the Munich clubs almost regularly played the individual seasons in the same Sequence completed; that is, the MTV 1879 was the biggest athletic competitor of the FC Bayern and in 1860 only the number 4. At the end of the 1912/13 season the sixties with the balance of 6-22 points even had to accept the descent of the elite league , which has now been reduced to eight participants and the penultimate FC Wacker was able to secure relegation with only one point (7-21). Due to the war, the eastern district was again divided into a northern and a southern relay from 1915 and at the end of the season the respective relay winners from the north ( Franconia ) and the south (Munich) faced each other to determine the district winner in the final. In the 1915/16 season, 1860 achieved its first notable success as the winner of the southern season , but lost to the winners of the northern season (1. FC Nürnberg) as well as FC Bayern in the two following years.
After the end of the First World War, the Southern Bavarian Regional League was introduced at the beginning of the 1919/20 season , in which mainly clubs from Munich participated. This league was largely dominated by FC Bayern ( performing as TuSpV Jahn until the 1922/23 season ), Wacker and 1860, while MTV 1879 soon lost its importance and was unable to build on its successes before the First World War. Roughly classified, Bavaria, 1860 and Wacker were the three most successful Munich clubs between the two world wars. But within German club football, Munich football lagged behind the competition for a long time. Because until the outbreak of the First World War (during the war the final matches were canceled) none of the Munich teams had managed to qualify for the final of the German football championship.
This succeeded as the first Munich club in 1922, the FC Wacker, after this (also as the first Munich club) had won the southern German football championship in the same year . In the finals, the "Bluestars" initially prevailed 5-0 against Arminia Bielefeld , but were then almost as clearly defeated by Hamburger SV 4-0 in the semi-finals . As the next Munich club, FC Bayern made it into the finals in 1926 , where they were eliminated in the round of 16 against Fortuna Leipzig . 1860 made it better the next year and after victories against Schalke 04 (3: 1) and VfB Leipzig (3: 0) advanced to the semi-finals, where they had no chance against the eventual champions 1. FC Nürnberg (1: 4) was.
Munich football set a special exclamation mark in 1928 , when both FC Bayern and FC Wacker reached the semi-finals and a pure Munich final of the German football championship seemed within reach. But Bayern were outclassed by the eventual champions Hamburger SV (2: 8) and the Bluestars also lost to Hertha BSC , albeit just barely (1: 2) .
In 1931 it was left to the sixties to be the first Munich club to advance to the final of the German soccer championship . In the final against defending champion Hertha BSC, the "Münchner Löwen" were the better team and deserved to bring the championship title to Munich for the first time. Only referee Fissenewerth had brought the Munich team to success. Almost the entire German press regretted the unfortunate 3-2 defeat of the sixties and hailed Munich as Germany's real football capital. The events of the second half (the Lions led 2-1 at the break) can be read in Axel Poldner's club biography Mein Club: TSV 1860 München as follows: “Six goals - everyone agrees on this - six goals for Munich at least have to fall. As center forward Huber starts in a surefire position for the third goal. At the last second, the Berlin defense cut off his legs. Penalty kick . No question. Like fate personified, referee Fissenewerth walks to the scene of the crime. Lachner prepares for the penalty kick. There - no - Breunig (note: the trainer from 1860) puts his hands in front of his face. The audience goes wild. Goal kick for Berlin. ”But the young Löwen team is unimpressed and continues to play forward, so that the 3: 1 seems only a matter of time. Since the Berliners lead a counterattack. “Two of the Berliners, goalscorer Lehmann and Sobek , are meters offside . The sports press sees it, the coaches see it, the audience sees it. Referee Fissenewerth does not see it. And that's crucial. The man in the black jersey also doesn't care about the opinion of the linesman , who keeps waving the flag obsessively. Goal. 2: 2. As if they weren't quite comfortable themselves, the Berliners run back into their own half. The audience is stunned. That was offside. Clearly! ... Twenty seconds before the end of the game, referee Fissenewerth is almost overflowing. He recognizes another clear and unambiguous offside goal. The angry protests of the spectators followed him into the locker room. ”After this bitter defeat, a year later it was left to FC Bayern to be the first Munich club to bring the German football championship to the Isar by beating Eintracht Frankfurt 2-0 in the final .
But in the following three decades it became relatively quiet again for Munich football, which could hardly set accents nationwide. The only positive events of the next 30 years were the two cup victories of the big Munich rivals , which the "Löwen" in 1942 and the "Bayern" in 1957 brought to Munich. Otherwise, both clubs formed only mediocrity over long periods and especially during the entire 1950s in the football Oberliga Süd, which existed between 1945 and 1963, from which both even had to relegate in the meantime. It was not until the 1960s that the two Munich rivals caught up with the top clubs and by winning the South German soccer championship in the 1962/63 season, 1860 qualified for inclusion in the newly introduced Bundesliga from the 1963/64 season . Because Bayern only managed to get promoted to the Bundesliga two years later and the sixties ended the first two seasons together in the final table before Bayern, they were actually Munich's number one sporting club for five years until the 1966/67 season Everyday league. However, at the same time, FC Bayern was only the second German club (after Borussia Dortmund in 1966 ) to be successful in the European Cup when they won the European Cup Winners' Cup in 1967 . In 1860, in 1965, the first German club had the final of the European Cup Winners' Cup (and only the second German club in the European Cup after Eintracht Frankfurt, which failed in the final of the European Cup in 1960 against Real Madrid (3: 7)) against West Ham United reached, but was defeated at the final in London against the local "Hammers" in the end with 0: 2.
From the 1967/68 season onwards, TSV 1860 was never placed in front of FC Bayern again and through the next two seasons (FC Bayern won its first Bundesliga championship in the 1968/69 season and the sixties rose at the end of the 1969 season / 70 in the Regionalliga Süd ), FC Bayern cemented its sporting supremacy more and more in the coming years.
The historically most important sports facilities in Munich
As already mentioned at the beginning, the soccer game was initially played on the Theresienwiese at the end of the 19th century. In 1898 a municipal sports field was laid out on the southern part of this site, the first users of which were the Terra Pila and MTV 1879 teams.
The question of the sports field soon became an existential problem for Munich football clubs because there was not enough playing area for all teams to play regularly. Therefore, the football teams developed the best that emerged from large established gymnastics clubs (TSV 1860 and MTV 1879) or joined a financially strong club. Thus, the FC joined Bayern in 1906 established the Hockey Club Munich SC and allowed their land leased from the city of Munich Sport areas at the district Schwabing situated Leopoldstrasse use. At this point, the first Munich sports and football field with a roofed spectator stand was built. The opening game took place on September 15, 1907 between the "Bayern football department at MSC" and FC Wacker and ended with an 8-1 victory for the hosts. In the next few years, the two large Munich gymnastics clubs MTV 1879 and TSV 1860 built sports facilities with grandstands. The same did the wealthy cycling club Monachia , which the soccer team of FC Wacker had joined in 1908 and which then officially appeared as the "Soccer Department Wacker 1903 of SC Monachia". Monachia built a place with a grandstand on Plinganserstraße and MTV 1879 the MTV place on Marbachstrasse (both in the Sendling district ), while the TV Munich system from 1860 was on Grünwalder Strasse in the Giesing district. Thus, four “small stadiums” were available in Munich for larger audiences even before the outbreak of World War I. Initially the most important sports facility was the MTV-Platz, which was laid out around 1910/11 and on which the first international soccer match of the German national soccer team was played on Munich soil on December 17, 1911 . It ended in front of 6,000 and 8,000 spectators with a 1: 4 defeat against Hungary .
However, all four existing systems were dwarfed by the opening of Teutonia-Platz on Oberwiesenfeld on the corner of Lerchenauer Strasse in 1921 . The city game between Munich and Berlin (1: 1) held there on May 22, 1921, was followed by around 20,000 spectators in the hopelessly overcrowded stands, as the facility was actually designed for only 12,000 visitors. Between 1923 and 1925, FC Bayern played its popular home games on Teutonia-Platz. Because the Oberwiesenfeld was increasingly used for military purposes again in the 1930s, the square had to be abandoned in 1936. However, around ten years earlier, Teutonia-Platz had already been recognized as insufficient for Munich’s football needs and it was thanks to the initiative of TSV 1860 that it had its facility on Grünwalder Straße expanded in 1925, so that the " sixties stadium " after completion of the construction work offered space for more than 20,000 visitors. From then on, the stadium was not only used by the owner, but also by the soccer teams of FC Bayern and FC Wacker. Another expansion followed between August and October 1926, increasing the stadium's official capacity to 35,000 visitors.
After the sixties had only spent three seasons in the second division in the 1950s and FC Bayern also played second class for one season, the 1957/58 season saw a league derby between "Bayern" and "Löwen" for the first time in four years. . For both derbies, 40,000 spectators crowded into the stadium on Grünwalder Straße, which in the meantime already belonged to the city after TSV 1860 was no longer able to cope with the resulting debt. Both TSV 1860 and FC Bayern rejected the renewed demands for a large Munich stadium: “We are not interested in a large stadium - it would probably lead to our ruin. What we need is a stadium in which 45,000 to 50,000 visitors can really see something. ”This is why the city council gave the order to rebuild the municipal stadium on Grünwalder Strasse, which began in May 1958.
The second largest Munich stadium at the time was the municipal stadium on Dantestrasse in the Gern district , built in 1928 , which at the time of its opening had space for almost 20,000 spectators. After FC Wacker was promoted to the second-rate Regionalliga Süd for the 1964/65 season , the “Dante Stadium” served the “Bluestars” as their home ground.
When the Bundesliga was founded, the “Grünwalder Stadion” soon turned out to be too small and uncomfortable, so that the calls for a large stadium were loud again. When the 1972 Summer Olympics were held in Munich soon afterwards , the long-awaited solution was found in the construction of the Munich Olympic Stadium , which was built on the Oberwiesenfeld on which Teutonia-Platz had been around 40 years earlier. The Olympic Stadium, equipped with Germany's first underfloor heating, has long been considered the most modern soccer arena in this country. Even before the Olympic Games, the new stadium was used by both major Munich clubs as the home ground for large-scale games. Due to the beginning of the great era of FC Bayern, which between 1972 and 1974 won its first championship trick in the Bundesliga and three times the European Cup ( 1974 , 1975 and 1976 ) in the following three seasons , during the sixties In the second class, the Olympic Stadium was increasingly perceived by the public as a “Bavaria” stadium. Nevertheless, even the then President of Bavaria, Wilhelm Neudecker, stated: "The stadium on Grünwalder Strasse has a flair that the Olympic Stadium lacks."
In the Munich Olympic Stadium, the German national soccer team scored their second World Cup title against the Dutch national soccer team in the final of the 1974 soccer world championship held in the Federal Republic of Germany . The majority of the world championship team consisted of players who were under contract with FC Bayern at the time of the World Cup. These six players were Sepp Maier (with his saves he defended the 2-1 break lead until the end), Franz Beckenbauer , Katsche Schwarzenbeck , Uli Hoeneß and the two goal scorers Paul Breitner (with a hard and well-placed penalty he equaled the early lead of the Dutch from) and Gerd Müller , who made the final score just before half-time with an “unmistakable Müller goal”.
The very first final of the 1992/93 Champions League , which Olympique Marseille won 1-0 against AC Milan with the former sixties Rudi Völler , was also held in the Olympic Stadium . In the stands, Bayern icon Franz Beckenbauer also kept his fingers crossed for the southern French he had trained two years earlier. The final of the Champions League in 1996/97 was also held in the Olympic Stadium, making Borussia Dortmund the first German club (3: 1 against Juventus Turin ) as the biggest sporting rival of Bayern at the national level in “their stadium” Champions League title won.
Just as the Olympic Stadium was built for a major international event (Olympia 1972), so was the Allianz Arena around 30 years later . Because without the 2006 World Cup , the Allianz Arena would be unthinkable. The amicable cooperation of the major Munich clubs FC Bayern and TSV 1860 was also indispensable for its realization. Because for a stadium project carried out independently by FC Bayern there would probably have been no public funding for the development costs . In an unprecedented media campaign, the public was repeatedly reported that the two major Munich football clubs alone would cover the construction costs of around 340 million euros for the arena. However, the fact that the development costs of around 200 million euros were financed by the public purse was kept secret, which ultimately meant that the taxpayer bore a not inconsiderable part of the total bill. But it soon became clear that the TSV 1860 had taken over this project beyond measure. Even before the 2006 World Cup, the troubled club, which was relegated from the Bundesliga in 2004, sold its shares for eleven million euros to FC Bayern, which became the sole owner of the Allianz Arena through this deal.
The Bundesliga home start in the new arena went completely in the spirit of FC Bayern. The first home game on August 5, 2005 against Borussia Mönchengladbach was won 3-0 and also in the next four home games (3-0 against Hertha BSC , 1-0 against Hannover 96 , 2-0 against VfL Wolfsburg and 4-0 against the MSV Duisburg ) the team remained clean. FC Bayern conceded the first goal in the first minute of the sixth home game from international striker Miroslav Klose . But in the end Werder Bremen was defeated (3-1) and further successes followed, so that FC Bayern won their first eleven Bundesliga home games in the arena. The first defeat followed in the 12th home game on March 4, 2006 against Hamburger SV , which was lost 2-1. After the 1: 2 home defeat against FSV Mainz 05 on March 2, 2016, FC Bayern remained undefeated in a total of 38 consecutive Bundesliga home games since the following 5: 0 home win against Werder Bremen on March 12, 2016, before the last Matchday of the 2017/18 season of VfB Stuttgart took all three points from Fröttmaning with a 4-1 win.
With this, FC Bayern had set its old record from the Olympic Stadium, in which it remained unbeaten in 36 home games from the start. Bayern had a “made-to-measure debut” there when they won the last Bundesliga home game of the 1971/72 Bundesliga season in their debut game on June 28, 1972 as the leader of the table against second-placed FC Schalke 04, who was only one point behind them, with 5 : Won 1 and their third championship title (the second in the Bundesliga and the first in the Olympic Stadium). Overall, Bayern remained undefeated in 73 consecutive Bundesliga home games at that time (since the 7-2 home win against Hannover 96 on April 11, 1970). This great series lasted until the 6: 3 home win against 1. FC Köln on September 14, 1974 and ended after almost four and a half years on September 28, 1974 with a 2: 0 against Schalke.
In 33 years (1972-2005), Bayern won a total of 17 German championships in the Olympic Stadium, including three title hat tricks (1972-1974, 1985-1987 and 1999-2001). In the 13 years in the arena so far, the rate has even improved. Because in the new home ground of the "Reds" another ten championship titles followed; most recently in the 2018/19 season even the seventh championship in a row. And yet there is a flaw in the new arena, as in 2012 the eagerly awaited " Finale Dahoam " was lost against Chelsea .
The club change was decided by a slap in the face
Born in Munich, Franz Beckenbauer is considered to be the best German football player of all time. He was born in the Giesing district and began his football career at SC 1906 Munich . In 1958, at the age of 12, he planned to move to TSV 1860. But just in a city district ery of "his" SC 1906 against the big neighbor, he was slapped by his opponent Gerhard König. Beckenbauer then changed his plans and switched to FC Bayern instead.
"Kaiser" Franz was not only a world-class player, he also won every conceivable title: at club level with Bayern four times the German championship ( 1969 , 1972 , 1973 and 1974 ) and the DFB Cup ( 1966 , 1967 , 1969 and 1971 ); also three times in a row the European Champion's Cup ( 1974 , 1975 and 1976 ) and once each the European Cup Winners' Cup ( 1967 ) and the World Cup ( 1976 ). There were also titles at club level with Hamburger SV (German champions 1982 ) and New York Cosmos , with whom he won the North American Soccer League three times (1977, 1978 and 1980). As a player with the German national team , he became European champion in 1972 and world champion two years later ( 1974 ). In 1990 he was the team boss of the German national team, only the second person after the Brazilian Mário Zagallo , who won the world title both as a player and as a coach. As a club coach, he also won another league title with Bayern ( 1994 ) and the UEFA Cup ( 1996 ), which he was unable to win as a player. He also won the French championship with Olympique Marseille in 1991 . And last but not least, he played an important role in ensuring that the 2006 World Cup was awarded to Germany.
Individual evidence
- ^ Munich City Archives (ed.): Football in Munich - From Theresienwiese to the Allianz Arena . MünchenVerlag 2006, ISBN 3-937090-12-6 , p. 10ff
- ↑ Website of FC Wacker Munich (accessed on April 23, 2018)
- ^ Munich City Archives (ed.): Football in Munich - From Theresienwiese to the Allianz Arena . MünchenVerlag 2006, ISBN 3-937090-12-6 , cf. Pp. 49, 53, 179
- ^ Munich City Archives (ed.): Football in Munich - From Theresienwiese to the Allianz Arena . MünchenVerlag 2006, ISBN 3-937090-12-6 , p. 24
- ^ Munich City Archives (ed.): Football in Munich - From Theresienwiese to the Allianz Arena . MünchenVerlag 2006, ISBN 3-937090-12-6 , p. 54
- ↑ Axel Poldner: TSV 1860 Munich , Goldmann Verlag, Munich 1977, ISBN 3-442-10585-4 , p. 39ff
- ^ Munich City Archives (ed.): Football in Munich - From Theresienwiese to the Allianz Arena . MünchenVerlag 2006, ISBN 3-937090-12-6 , p. 19f
- ^ Munich City Archives (ed.): Football in Munich - From Theresienwiese to the Allianz Arena . MünchenVerlag 2006, ISBN 3-937090-12-6 , p. 19
- ^ Munich City Archives (ed.): Football in Munich - From Theresienwiese to the Allianz Arena . MünchenVerlag 2006, ISBN 3-937090-12-6 , pp. 21f, 173f
- ^ Munich City Archives (ed.): Football in Munich - From Theresienwiese to the Allianz Arena . MünchenVerlag 2006, ISBN 3-937090-12-6 , pp. 31, 175
- ↑ DFB data center (accessed on April 25, 2018)
- ↑ Club history of FC Teutonia (accessed on April 25, 2018)
- ^ Munich City Archives (ed.): Football in Munich - From Theresienwiese to the Allianz Arena . MünchenVerlag 2006, ISBN 3-937090-12-6 , pp. 21f, 176ff
- ^ Munich City Archives (ed.): Football in Munich - From Theresienwiese to the Allianz Arena . MünchenVerlag 2006, ISBN 3-937090-12-6 , p. 179
- ^ Munich City Archives (ed.): Football in Munich - From Theresienwiese to the Allianz Arena . MünchenVerlag 2006, ISBN 3-937090-12-6 , pp. 181f
- ^ Munich City Archives (ed.): Football in Munich - From Theresienwiese to the Allianz Arena . MünchenVerlag 2006, ISBN 3-937090-12-6 , p. 188
- ^ Munich City Archives (ed.): Football in Munich - From Theresienwiese to the Allianz Arena . MünchenVerlag 2006, ISBN 3-937090-12-6 , p. 180
- ^ Munich City Archives (ed.): Football in Munich - From Theresienwiese to the Allianz Arena . MünchenVerlag 2006, ISBN 3-937090-12-6 , p. 189
- ^ Munich City Archives (ed.): Football in Munich - From Theresienwiese to the Allianz Arena . MünchenVerlag 2006, ISBN 3-937090-12-6 , pp. 191f
- ↑ This gate makes Gerd Müller immortal (article from October 7, 2015)
- ^ Munich City Archives (ed.): Football in Munich - From Theresienwiese to the Allianz Arena . MünchenVerlag 2006, ISBN 3-937090-12-6 , p. 197
- ↑ Jörg Schallenberg ( Der Spiegel ): Allianz Arena: The dark shadow of the super temple (article from May 30, 2005)
- ↑ Hoeneß adds: Stoffers a «charlatan» (article from April 27, 2010)
- ↑ The 2005/06 Bundesliga season on RSSSF (English)
- ↑ Mainz achieved a sensation - thanks to Cordoba at kicker.de
- ↑ FC Bayern Munich - FC Schalke 04 5: 1 (2: 0) at fussballdaten.de
- ^ The football Bundesliga season 1969/70 at RSSSF
- ^ The football Bundesliga season 1974/75 on RSSSF
- ↑ The best football players: The world stars of football history and an overview of their careers (accessed April 29, 2018)
- ↑ Article 60 years of the Franz. Abendzeitung No. 116/21, May 22, 2009.