Korsze

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Korsze
POL Korsze COA.svg
Korsze (Poland)
Korsze
Korsze
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Warmia-Masuria
Powiat : Kętrzyn
Area : 4.03  km²
Geographic location : 54 ° 10 ′  N , 21 ° 8 ′  E Coordinates: 54 ° 10 ′ 0 ″  N , 21 ° 8 ′ 0 ″  E
Residents : 4206
(June 30, 2019)
Postal code : 11-430
Telephone code : (+48) 89
License plate : NKE
Economy and Transport
Street : Ext. 590 : Barciany ↔ Reszel - Biskupiec
Rail route : PKP line 38: Białystok – Giżycko – Kętrzyn → Korsze
PKP line 353: Poznan – Toruń – Olsztyn → Korsze
Next international airport : Danzig
Gmina
Gminatype: Urban and rural municipality
Gmina structure: 21 school authorities
Surface: 249.94 km²
Residents: 9717
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Population density : 39 inhabitants / km²
Community number  ( GUS ): 2808043
Administration (as of 2012)
Mayor : Ryszard Ostrowski
Address: ul. Mickiewicza 13
11-430 Korsze
Website : www.korsze.pl



Korsze [ ˈkɔrʃɛ ] ( German Korschen ) is a town with the seat of the urban and rural municipality Korsze in the Powiat Kętrzyński (Powiat Rastenburg) in the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship .

Geographical location

Korsze is located in the historical region of East Prussia , about 20 kilometers northwest of the district town of Kętrzyn (Rastenburg) and 60 kilometers northeast of the voivodeship capital Olsztyn (Allenstein) .

The place Korsze (Korschen)

history

Local history

Residential building in the city center
Buildings in the city center

The place was mentioned in 1341 as in campo Cohorsen . The interpretation of the Prussian name is uncertain ("karšis": hazelnut, "karsa": cave, grotto). The village of Korschen was founded in 1448. It can be assumed that the place is much older, because there are reports of a knight of the Korschen estate who is said to have died in the battle of Tannenberg in 1410 . In 1785 Korschen is described as a noble estate and farming village with a church and 12 campfire sites (households).

In the course of the reorganization of the Prussian territorial administration, Korschen was incorporated into the Rastenburg district, Königsberg administrative district, in 1816 .

From 1871 to 1873 Korschen was connected to the rail network. and became an important railway junction in East Prussia during German times . The railway lines ( Berlin -) Allenstein - Insterburg (- Tilsit ) and Königsberg - Lötzen - Lyck - Russian border crossed here . At the beginning of the 20th century, the village is called a village and manor.

On April 30, 1874 Korschen office Village and thus its name to an administrative district that existed until 1945 and the county Rastenburg in the administrative district of Kaliningrad in the Prussian province of East Prussia belonged.

Until 1945 the villagers were mostly employees of the Reichsbahn and the Reichspost . Korschen had very little industry apart from the railway depot. There was only an impregnation plant in which railway sleepers and electricity and telegraph poles were made of wood and made weatherproof. Korschen also had a permanent milk factory in which condensed and dry milk as well as cocoa were produced. In addition, the East Prussian beekeeping school was in Korschen.

Towards the end of the Second World War , the region was occupied by the Red Army in the spring of 1945 . In the summer of 1945 Korschen was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying power, along with the southern half of East Prussia and all of West Prussia . Insofar as the German residents had not fled, they were subsequently expelled from Korschen by the local Polish administrative authorities . The Poles first introduced the place name Korszyn for Korschen , which was later changed to Korsze .

On July 22, 1962, the village was raised to a city by incorporating surrounding places. The urban and rural community has about 10,000 inhabitants. Because of the nearby border with the Russian Kaliningrad Oblast , the place is no longer of great importance as a railway junction.

Korschen District (1874–1945)

When it was established, the Korschen district included four places, and in the end there were three:

German name Polish name Remarks
Glide tendons Glitajny 1928 incorporated into Karschau (district Dönhofstädt )
Korschen Korsze
Korschen, good 1928 incorporated into Spiegels ( Rehstall district )
Podlechen Podlechy
before 1883:
Kollmen 		Kałmy 1921 incorporated into the municipality of Korschen
from 1929:
Karschau 		Karszewo before: Dönhofstädt district

On January 1, 1945, Karschau, Korschen and Podlechen still formed the Korschen district.

Population development

until 1945

year Residents Remarks
1816 0114
1831 0154
1858 0165 112 evangelicals and one catholic in the manor and 52 evangelicals in the associated village
1864 0 272 on December 3, of which 82 in the parish and 190 in the manor district
1900 0490
1910 1263
1933 2742
1939 3041

since 1945

year Residents Remarks
1947 1832
1960 3898
2005 4714
2014 4545

age structure

The age structure of the city of Korsze can be seen in a table for 2014: Piramida wieku Korsze.png

church

Evangelical

The Protestant church in Korschen until 1945

Before 1945, the majority of Korschen's residents were Protestant. The place was in the parish of the church Leunenburg ( Polish Sątoczno ) parish. In 1903 and 1904, the Protestant church , which is still preserved today, was built in Korschen , whereby the parish bond with Leunenburg continued until 1945. The second pastor in Leunenburg was a clergyman for Korschen, who was assigned his own district. Flight and expulsion of the local population put an end to the life of the Protestant community between 1945 and 1950. The church building was given to the Polish Orthodox Church . Evangelical church members living here now belong to the parish of Kętrzyn (Rastenburg) in the Masurian diocese of the Evangelical-Augsburg Church in Poland .

Catholic

The Catholic Church in Korsze

As part of the construction work on the Białystok – Głomno railway line (1867) and the Toruń – Chernyakhovsk railway line (1871), many new citizens, including numerous Catholics, came to Korschen. A pharmacy was set up for the services. In the years 1902 to 1903 the neo-Gothic Exaltation of the Cross was built in the middle of the village (today in Polish: Podwyższenia Krzyża Świętego i Matki Boskiej Miłosierdzia ), which still serves as a Catholic church today. The parish belongs to the deanery in Reszel (Rößel) in the Archdiocese of Warmia .

Orthodox

Today's Orthodox Church

Orthodox parish life began in Korsze in 1966. Two years later, the Polish Orthodox Church became the owner of the previously evangelical church. She gave her the name St. Peter and Paul (Polish: Kościół Świętych Piotra i Pawła ). The parish belongs to the deanery in Olsztyn (Allenstein) in the diocese of Białystok – Danzig of the Polish Orthodox Church.

local community

Community area

The municipal area is 249.94 km², which is 20.61% of the area of ​​the entire Powiat Kętrzyński . 77% of the community area is used for agriculture, 13% for forestry.

Neighboring communities

Korsze is surrounded by five neighboring municipalities:

  • from the powiat Kętrzyński ( Rastenburg district ): the rural community Barciany (Barten) , the rural community Kętrzyn (Rastenburg) and the urban and rural community Reszel (Rößel) ,
  • from the powiat Bartoszycki ( Bartenstein district ): the urban and rural community Bisztynek (Bischofstein) and the urban and rural community Sępopol (Schippenbeil) .

Community structure

The urban and rural community Korsze divided into the following 21 Schulz offices : Babieniec , Błogoszewo , Bykowo , Dłużec Wielki , Garbno , Gudniki , gudziki , Kałwągi , Karszewo , Kraskovo , Łankiejmy , Parys , Piaskowiec , Płutniki , Podlechy , Prosna , Saduny , Sajna Wielka , Sątoczno , Suśnik and Tołkiny .

In 1946, the rural community of Korsze comprised 33 localities and extended over an area of ​​9,431 hectares . Since the municipality reform of 1973, Korsze has been a town and country municipality . It initially comprised 19 school offices with a total of 69 localities. Today there are 21. Schulzenämter.

Polish name German name
(until 1945)		 Polish name German name
(until 1945)		 Polish name German name
(until 1945)
Babieniec Babziens Kamień Goldstein Saduny Sdunkeim
Błogoszewo Soul field Karszewo Karschau Sajna Mała Small closet home
Błuskajmy Małe Small bare germ Kaskajmy Małe Klein Köskeim Sajna Wielka Cabinet germ
Błuskajmy Wielkie Big bare germ Korsze Korschen Sarkajmy Scharkeim
Bykowo Bollendorf Kowalewo Duże Vorwerk Wotterkeim Sątoczek Klein Leunenburg
Chmielnik Henriettenhof Kowalewo Małe Wotter germ Sątoczno Leunenburg
Dąb Eichenau Kraskovo Schönfließ Słępy Schlömpen
Długi Lasek Langwäldchen Krzemity Cremates Starynia Gross Altendorf
Dłużec Mały Klein Langwalde Łankiejmy Langheim Stawnica Oberteich
Dłużec Wielki Groß Langwalde Łękajny Land germ Studzieniec Wormen
Dubliny Duplicates Marłuty Mockelkeim Suliki Doehrings
Dzierżążnik Hartels Nunkajmy Nohnkeim Suśnik Sweet nod
Dzikovina Eberstein Olszynka Waldriede Tołkiny Tolksdorf
Garbno Lamgarben Parys Paaris Trzeciaki Dreihöfen
Giełpsz Yellow sh Piaskowiec Sandenberg Wągniki Wangnick
Glitajny Glide tendons Płutniki Sudden nod Wandajny Turning tendons
Głowbity Beliefs Podgórzyn Friedrichsthal Warnikajmy Warning germ
Gnoyevo Grützau Podlechy Podlechen Wetyn Wettin
Góra Approach height Polany Annafeld Wiklewko Klein Winkeldorf
Gudniki Gudnick Pomnik Pomnick Wiklewo Winkeldorf
Gudziki Godocken Prosna Prassen Wygoda Heinriettenhof
Kałmy Kollmen Równina Dolna (Noble) Unter Plehnen
Kałwągi Cold cheeks Równina Górna (Noble) Ober Plehnen

population

age structure

In 2014, looking at the age structure of the residents of Gmina Korsze, this picture emerged: Piramida wieku Gmina Korsze.png

traffic

Streets

Gmina Korsze is located at the intersection of two provincial roads that run through the municipality in a north-south and east-west direction: the provincial road 590 ( Barciany - Reszel - Biskupiec ) and the provincial road 592 ( Bartoszyce - Kętrzyn - Giżycko ). Incidentally, the villages of the Gmina are well connected with one another by side roads and country lanes.

rails

The station building of the island train station in Korsze

The community is crossed by two railway lines, which today, however, are only used for passenger traffic with the starting and ending point Korsze. Accordingly, the original number of train stations in the municipality is also reduced.

literature

  • Leopold Krug : The Prussian Monarchy - represented topographically, statistically and economically . Part 1: Province of East Prussia , Berlin 1833, p. 455, section h .
  • Tadeusz Swat: Dzieje Wsi . In: Aniela Bałanda and others: Kętrzyn. Z dziejów miasta i okolic . Pojezierze, Olsztyn 1978, pp. 194-196 (Seria monografii miast Warmii i Mazur) .

Web links

Commons : Korsze  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Commons : Gmina Korsze  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  2. ↑ Rozalia Przybytek: place names of Baltic origin in the southern part of East Prussia (= Hydronymia Europaea , special volume 1). Steiner, Stuttgart 1993, ISBN 3-515-06449-4 , p. 126.
  3. ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part I: Topography of East Prussia . Königsberg / Leipzig 1785, p. 87.
  4. ↑ a b c Tadeusz Swat, 1978, p. 195.
  5. ↑ a b Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 11, Leipzig and Vienna 1907, p. 514.
  6. ↑ a b Rolf Jehke, Korschen district
  7. ↑ Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 2: G – Ko , Halle 1821, p. 387.
  8. ^ Leopold Krug : The Prussian Monarchy - represented topographically, statistically and economically . Part 1: Province of East Prussia , Berlin 1833, p. 455, section h .
  9. ↑ Adolf Schlott : Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Königsberg . Hartung, Königsberg 1861, p. 207, paragraphs 120–121.
  10. ^ Prussian Ministry of Finance: The results of the property and building tax assessment in the administrative district of Königsberg : Berlin 1966, Rastenburg district, p. 10, paragraphs 69-70.
  11. ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. rastenburg.html # ew33rastkorsch. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  12. ^ Tadeusz Swat, 1978, p. 195.
  13. ↑ http://wiki-de.genealogy.net/Korschen
  14. ↑ a b Kobiety = women, Męzczyźni = men
  15. ^ Churches in Korschen at ostpreussen.net
  16. ^ Tadeusz Swat, 1978, p. 196.
  17. ↑ D. Lange: Geographical Register of Places East Prussia (2005)