Parody

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Parody
Parodia microsperma

Parodia microsperma

Systematics
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Cactus family (Cactaceae)
Subfamily : Cactoideae
Tribe : Notocacteae
Genre : Parody
Scientific name
Parody
Speg.

Parodia is a genus of plants fromthe cactus family (Cactaceae). The botanical name of the genus honors the pharmacist and botanist Domingo Parodi (1823–1890), who came from Italy.

description

Vegetative characteristics

The species of the genus Parodia remain low and grow individually or in groups with mostly small, spherical to short cylindrical shoots . Areoles sit on the slightly humped or completely dissolved ribs , which in the juvenile stage are often densely covered with wool. The few to numerous thorns are shaped and colored differently. You can be hooked.

blossoms

The funnel- to bell-shaped, brightly colored flowers appear near the shoot tips and open during the day. Your pericarpel and the flower tube are often covered with hair and bristles, the bristles often being limited to the upper sections of the tube. The scars are often noticeably red.

Fruits and seeds

The spherical to club-shaped or cylindrical fruits are dry or almost dry and covered with wool or bristles. Thin-walled fruits disintegrate at the base, thick-walled ones tear open at the side. They contain reddish brown to black seeds of various shapes. The hilum is large, a seed appendage ( strophiola ) may be present or absent.

distribution

The genus Parodia is mainly distributed east of the Andes in Bolivia , Paraguay , Uruguay , Argentina and southern Brazil .

Systematics

The first description was published in 1923 by the Italian-Argentine botanist Carlos Luis Spegazzini . Their type is Echinocactus microspermus . Anatomical and morphological work by David Richard Hunt and colleagues as well as Reto Nyffeler led to the inclusion of the genera Brasilicactus , Brasiliparodia , Eriocactus , Notocactus and Wigginsia in the genus Parodia . These investigations also suggested the inclusion of the genera Blossfeldia and Frailea .

According to Reto Nyffeler, the genus Parodia can be divided into three sub-genera :

  • Subgenus Parodia :
    • Group Parodia : ( Parodia see str.)
      The shoots are flat spherical, spherical or columnar and only rarely sprout. A beet root is rarely found. The shoot tissue usually does not contain any mucus, the epidermis is usually tender. The areoles are always on the humps. The central and radial spines differ significantly from each other. The central spine is sometimes hooked. The flowers are funnel-shaped, style and stigma are always the same color. The soft fruits later dry up and open at their base.
    • Group Notocactus : ( Notocactus s. Str. + Wigginsia )
      The shoots are flat spherical, spherical or columnar and occasionally sprout. A beet root is sometimes present. The shoot tissue usually contains mucus, the epidermis is often hard. The areoles are located in the depressions between the cusps. The central and radial spines differ. The flowers are broadly funnel-shaped to bell-shaped, styles and stigmas are usually differently colored. The fruits, which are often elongated when ripe, open differently.
  • Subgenus Eriocactus :
    The shoots are often long columnar with age and occasionally sprout. The tip of the shoot is often crooked. The shoot tissue does not contain mucus. The cusps are fused into straight ribs. The areoles are located between the cusps. They are not sunk or indistinctly and are often heavily wooled. The thorns are more or less bristle-like. The light to dark yellow flowers are broadly bell-shaped, styles and stigmas are the same color. The fruits have a hard pericarp and open at their base.
  • Subgenus Brasilicactus :
    The shoots are flat spherical to rarely short columnar. The tip of the shoot is often crooked. The remarkably soft shoot tissue does not contain any mucus. The humps are separated from each other and arranged in diagonal lines or fused into ribs. The round areoles are close together. Central spines are not developed or are occasionally hooked. There are numerous radial spines. They are narrow, funnel-shaped, style and scars are colored the same. The fruits have a thin pericarp and open at their base.

The genus Parodia sensu lato is monophyletic to this extent , but the proposed subgenera are not.

The genus includes the following species:

Species of the genus Parodia according to Anderson (2005)
  • Subgenus Brasilicactus (Buxb.) FHBrandt
    • Parodia alacriportana Backeb. & Full
      • Parodia alacriportana subsp. alacriportana
      • Parodia alacriportana subsp. brevihamata (W. Haage) Hofacker & PJBraun
      • Parodia alacriportana subsp. buenekeri (Buining) Hofacker & PJBraun
      • Parodia alacriportana subsp. catarinensis (F.Ritter) Hofacker & PJBraun
    • Parodia haselbergii (F. Haage ex Rümpler) FHBrandt
      • Parodia haselbergii subsp. haselbergii
      • Parodia haselbergii subsp. graessneri (K.Schum.) Hofacker & PJBraun
    • Parodia rechensis (Buining) FHBrandt
Synonyms

Synonyms of the genus are Malacocarpus Salm-Dyck (1850, nom. Illeg. ICBN -Article 53.1), Hickenia Britton & Rose (1922, nom. Illeg. ICBN -Article 53.1), Notocactus (K.Schum.) Frič (1928), Brasilocactus Frič (1935, nom. Illeg. ICBN -Article 53.1), Microspermia Frič (1935, nom. Illeg. ICBN -Article 53.1), Neohickenia Frič (1935, nom. Illeg. ICBN -Article 53.1), Acanthocephala Backeb. (1938), Eriocephala Backeb. (1938), Brasilicactus Backeb. (1942, nom. Illeg. ICBN -Article 52.1?), Eriocactus Backeb. (1942, nom. Illeg. ICBN -Article 52.1), Dactylanthocactus Y.Itô (1957, nom. Illeg. ICBN -Article 52.1), Sericocactus Y.Itô (1957), Wigginsia D.M. Porter (1964), Brasiliparodia F.Ritter ( 1979), Aparadoa Vliet (1986, nom. Inval. ICBN -Article 36.1, 37.1), Peronocactus Doweld (1999, nom. Inval. ICBN -Article 52.2b), Ritterocactus Doweld (1999) and Bolivicactus Doweld (2000).

proof

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Urs Eggli, Leonard E. Newton: Etymological Dictionary of Succulent Plant Names . Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg 2010, ISBN 978-3-642-05597-3 , p. 178.
  2. ^ Carlos Luis Spegazzini: Breves notas cactológicas . In: Anales de la Sociedad Cientifica Argentina . Volume 96, 1923, p. 70.
  3. ^ DR Hunt et al .: Cactaceae . In: SM Walters et al. (Ed.): The European Garden Flora . Volume 3, pp. 202-301, Cambridge 1989
  4. ↑ Reto Nyffeler: Notocactus versus Parodia - the search for a generic classification of the subtribe Notocactinae . In: Cactus Consensus Initiatives . No. 7, pp. 6-8, 1999
  5. ^ M. Machado, U. Eggli, R. Nyffeler: Phylogenetic relationships in the genus Parodia Spegazzini (Cactaceae-Notocacteae) . In: IOS Bulletin . Volume 14, number 1, 2006, p. 14 ( PDF ).
  6. ^ Edward F. Anderson : The great cactus lexicon . Eugen Ulmer KG, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-8001-4573-1 , p. 494-517 .
  7. ↑ Lothar Diers, Klaus Beckert: Parodia pilayaensis (Cactaceae) - a new species from Bolivia In: Cacti and other succulents . Volume 57, Number 11, 2006, pp. 295-301.
  8. ↑ Lothar Diers, Walter Rausch: Parodia uhligiana (Cactaceae) - a new description In: Cacti and other succulents . Volume 57, Number 9, 2006, pp. 225-232.
  9. ↑ a b Urs Eggli, Marlon Machado, Reto Nyffeler: Nomenclatural note on the subgenera of Parodia (Cactaceae - Cactoideae) . In: Taxon . Volume 57, Number 3, 2008, pp. 985-988 (JSTOR) .
  10. ↑ Urs Eggli, Andreas Hofacker: Validation of the Name Parodia lenninghausii (Cactaceae), with a Note on the Lectotypification and Orthography of the Name . In: Novon . Volume 20, number 1, 2010, pp. 30-32, doi : 10.3417 / 2008076 .

further reading

  • John Brick Wood: Parodia . In: Cactus Consensus Initiatives . Number 3, 1997, pp. 22-23.
  • John Brick Wood: Parodia . In: Cactus Consensus Initiatives . Number 4, 1997, pp. 18-19.
  • Urs Eggli, Reto Nyffeler: (1352) Proposal to conserve the name Parodia against Frailea (Cactaceae) . In: Taxon . Volume 47, Number 2, 1998, pp. 475-476, (JSTOR ).
  • Norbert Gerloff, Jozka Neduchal, Stanislav Stuchlík: Notokakteen. Complete representation of all notocacti . Kveten, Brno 1995.
  • Mathias Eichler: Do you fancy parodies? . In: Cacti and other succulents . Volume 57, Number 5, 2006, pp. 117-121.
  • Norbert Gerloff, Jozka Neduchal: Taxonomic revision of the genus Notocactus Fric . In: Internoto . Volume 25, Number 2, 2004, pp. 35-127.
  • Andreas Hofacker: Further nomenclatural adjustments in Frailea and Parodia . In: Cactus Consensus Initiatives . Number 6, 1998, pp. 11-12.
  • Andreas Hofacker, Pierre Josef Baun: Nomenclatural adjustments in Parodia . In: Cactus Consensus Initiatives . Number 6, 1998, p. 10.
  • Roberto Kiesling, Omar Ferrari: Parodia sensu strictu in Argentina, part 1 . In: Cactus and Succulent Journal . Volume 62, Number 4, Cactus and Succulent Society of America, 1990, pp. 194-198.
  • Roberto Kiesling, Omar Ferrari: Parodia sensu strictu in Argentina, part 2 . In: Cactus and Succulent Journal . Volume 62, Number 5, Cactus and Succulent Society of America, 1990, pp. 244-250.
  • Tony Mace: Notocactus. A review of the genus incorporating Brasilicactus, Eriocactus and Wigginsia . National Cactus and Succulent Society, 3rd Edition, 1980.
  • Reto Nyffeler: Further referrals of "limbo" species in CCC1: Notocactus . In: Cactus Consensus Initiatives . Number 4, 1997, pp. 8-9.
  • Reto Nyffeler: Systematics and biogeography of Parodia s. lat. In: IOS Bulletin . Volume 10, 2002, p. 22.
  • Walter Weskamp: The genus Parodia . 3 volumes, self-published, Kiel 1987–1997.

Web links

Commons : Parodia  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files