Malmo

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Malmo
Malmo coat of arms
Sweden Scania location map.svg
Malmo
Malmo
Localization of Skåne in Sweden
State : Sweden
Province  (län): Skåne County
Historical Province (landskap): Gentle
Municipalities
: 		Malmo
Burlöv
Lomma
Coordinates : 55 ° 36 ′  N , 13 ° 0 ′  E Coordinates: 55 ° 36 ′  N , 13 ° 0 ′  E
SCB code : 3604
Status: Crime scene
Residents : 301,706 (December 31, 2015)
Area : 77.06 km²
Population density : 3915 inhabitants / km²
Height : 10  m ö.h.
Postal code : 200 10-218 44
List of perpetrators in Skåne County
Malmö collage.PNG

Malmö ['malmø:] ? / i ( Danish Malmø ) is a city in the historic Swedish province of Schonen (Skåne) and the capital of today's province of Skåne as well as the capital of the municipality of Malmö and has a population of around 300,000. Audio file / audio sample

Malmö is the third largest city in the country after Stockholm and Gothenburg .

geography

location

Malmö is located in the extreme south of the country. The distance to Milan (air line approx. 1,160 km) is less than that to Kiruna (approx. 1,414 km). After Copenhagen , which is around 28 km (as the crow flies), there are Rostock (around 177 km), Kiel (around 232 km), Gothenburg (around 241 km), Lübeck (around 244 km), Hamburg (approx. 300 km), Berlin (approx. 345 km), Oslo (approx. 498 km) and Stockholm (approx. 514 km) are the closest major cities.

Malmö is the capital of the Malmö municipality. The scene of the crime in Malmö also includes Arlöv , immediately to the north , the main town of the municipality of Burlöv (546 hectares of the area of ​​the scene of the crime of Malmö with 10,666 inhabitants, 2015), as well as a small part of the municipality of Lomma, which is even further north of Burlöv (2 hectares without inhabitants).

Since the inauguration of the Öresund Bridge in 2000, the metropolitan region of Malmö has been one of the centers of the Öresund region together with Copenhagen on the Öresund opposite .

Malmö is on the Baltic Sea Cycle Route EuroVelo 10. The city has its own beach.

City districts of the municipality of Malmö

The administrative structure of the Malmö municipality was reformed on July 1, 2013. The ten districts since 1996 have now been merged to form five districts. The city districts, in turn, are divided into a total of 134 sub-areas.

The five boroughs from July 1, 2013
  • Norr (German: North)
  • Öster (German: East)
  • Söder (German: South)
  • Väster (German: West)
  • Innerstaden (German: inner city)

climate

The climate of Malmö is cool-temperate with moderately warm summers and, due to its location on the Öresund, comparatively mild winters. In July and August the daytime temperatures averaged 22 degrees, at night around 14 degrees. The average temperatures in winter are just above freezing point, the precipitation mostly falls as rain, whereby there can also be strong onset of winter , which, however, rarely last long. Precipitation is relatively evenly distributed over the year, with the spring months being slightly drier (an average of 3.8 cm in April) and the most precipitation (over 6 cm) in July and December.

Malmo
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.
 
 
49
 
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Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm
Source: WMO
Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Malmö
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 2 2 5 10 16 20th 21st 21st 17th 12 7th 4th O 11.5
Min. Temperature (° C) −3 −3 −1 2 7th 11 13 12 10 7th 3 −1 O 4.8
Precipitation ( mm ) 49 30th 40 38 41 52 61 58 59 57 61 58 Σ 604
Rainy days ( d ) 17th 13 14th 12 12 12 14th 13 14th 15th 17th 16 Σ 169
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
2
−3
2
−3
5
−1
10
2
16
7th
20th
11
21st
13
21st
12
17th
10
12
7th
7th
3
4th
−1
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g 		49
30th
40
38
41
52
61
58
59
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58
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Source: WMO

population

The population was around 313,000 in 2013, of whom 215,674 (69%) were born in Sweden, 42% (including 11% whose parents come from abroad) have a migration background . The number of people with a migrant background in the city is increasing annually by around 3,500, or one percentage point of the city's population. In the Rosengård district , 85% of the residents have a migration background.

history

Illustration of Malmös near Braun and Hogenberg (Cologne 1588)

Place name

The city's name probably comes from the old Danish Malmhaugar . It was mentioned as a landing place under the name Malmhaug since 1116 , later as Malmoge, Malmöyghe or Malmey ( Latin Malmogia ). The old Swedish name Malmöughe , used around 1367, is derived from the roots Malm and Högar , the indefinite plural of “pile”, and thus means “pile of sand”.

Malmöhus slott

During the Hanseatic era , the city was best known in the German-speaking area under the Low German name Elbogen . This name is also found on a copper engraving of the four Skåne cities " Helsheborch ", " Lunden ", "Elbogen" and " Landeskron " in a description of the cities of the world circuit of Georg Braun and Frans Hogenberg ( Civitates Orbis Terrarum , Cologne 1588). In the Latin work, Malmö is also referred to as Ancona Scanorum (" Skåne Ancona "). The Italian port city of Ancona was originally founded in Greece, and the Greek name Ἀγκών ( Ankṓn "elbow") referred - as well as the Low German name Malmös - to the elbow-like shape of the promontory that protected the port.

In fact, even in the case of Malmö, the course of the coastline resembles the shape of an elbow to this day, with its tip located south of the city of Limhamn, which was incorporated in 1915. This elbow tip, together with the opposite island of Amager, forms the narrowest point at the southern end of the Øresund. That is why the bridgehead of the Öresund Bridge , which now connects Denmark with Sweden, is at this point.

City history

The Königspark (Kungsparken) around 1895
Map of the region around 1888

The landing site was primarily used by the Danish king to get to the more important Lund . It soon stood out for the herring fishing and trade carried out by German merchants along the Skåne coast, and also benefited from its strategic location. Since the Danish king had control of the ports in the north and south, he could have the southern Öresund cordoned off.

In 1319 the foundation stone for the St. Petri och Pauli Kyrka was laid and the first town hall was built around the same time. The oldest city privileges date from December 20, 1353 and were later confirmed and expanded several times. Malmö now increasingly assumed the role of Lund as the most important city in Skåne. The oldest buildings in the city that still exist today date from this time, B. also the fortress Malmöhus , which was founded in the 15th century by Erich von Pommern . Since then, Malmö has also had the Pomeranian griffin in its coat of arms.

Between 1318 and 1658 the Danish city was occupied several times by Swedes and once incorporated for a short time. Malmö is considered the birthplace of the Danish Reformation . Denmark's first Lutheran sermon was given in Malmö and the first Bible was printed in Danish .

In the 16th and 17th centuries, Malmö was besieged alternately by Sweden and Denmark . On April 23, 1512 was here Peace of Malmo between Denmark and the Hanse and a ceasefire Denmark with Gustav Vasa closed from Sweden. During the Hanseatic League, the city was under German influence. Malmö became Swedish in 1658 through the Peace of Roskilde under Charles X Gustav . In 1775 the city received an artificially created harbor .

On August 26, 1848, an armistice between Denmark and Prussia was signed in Malmö for seven months. Malmö benefited greatly from the industrial revolution .

King Charles XV died in Malmö on September 18, 1872 .

The Limhamn horse-drawn tram ran from 1900 to 1914 .

The completion of the Öresund Bridge in 2000 gave new impetus to the city's economic situation as a traffic junction between Scandinavia and the rest of Europe .

Population development

In 1886 Malmö had 45,143 inhabitants. According to new figures from the tax authorities, in April 2011 the population increased over 300,000 to 300,031 for the first time.

Attractions

The St. Petri Kyrka
The castle mill
Pildammsparken
  • Many half-timbered houses have been preserved in the old town of Malmö, the Lilla Torg (small market), which was built in 1591, is best known .
  • City Hall: Not far from the old town is the City Hall , built in 1546 under Mayor Jörgen Kock and subsequently redesigned over and over again.
  • The equestrian statue of King Charles X Gustav is on the market square
  • St. Petri Kyrka: The Gothic church is near the town hall. It is the oldest structure in Malmö. The foundation stone was laid in 1319.
  • The Malmöhus is an old castle and the only remnant of the former fortifications. As a Danish fort , it was of strategic importance in the 15th and 16th centuries. After that it became a Swedish fortress against Denmark. Used as a penitentiary between 1828 and 1914, it is now the city ​​museum with an exhibition on the city's history from the early Stone Age to the present day, a botanical exhibition with an aquarium and terrarium (including bats) and changing art exhibitions. The Malmöhus is surrounded by a park that is well worth seeing, in which, together with the castle mill, there is a Dutch windmill from 1851.
  • Maritime and Technology Museum: The Maritime and Technology Museum with a walk-in submarine from the Second World War is nearby.

In 2001 the ecological building exhibition Bo01 was held in Malmö in the area of ​​the Westhafen, a former industrial area (including the Kockums shipyard). This is where the new construction of the Västra Hamnen district began, based on sustainability criteria.

  • In August 2005, with the Turning Torso, a new hallmark of the up-and-coming city was inaugurated - at 190 meters, the tallest building in Northern Europe. Its specialty is the facade, which is turned 90 degrees towards the top. With the Ankar Park (also Canal Park), the Dania Park and the Sundspromenade , ambitious open spaces have been created.
  • Another special feature is the small Glasbubbla greenhouse on Scaniaplatz.

There are many castles in the area around Malmö, including Svaneholm and Torup .

The Malmö synagogue has existed since 1903 .

Regular events

  • Malmö Festival: The Malmö Festival has been held every August since 1984. The main focus of the activities is on international cuisine and musical performances that take place on various open-air stages.
  • BUFF Film Festival : An international children's and youth film festival that takes place every March.
  • Nordisk Panorama - Nordic Short & Doc Film Festival : An annual September film festival for short and documentary films from the Nordic countries.
  • Malmö Arab Film Festival (MAFF) : The largest Arab film festival in Europe takes place every autumn in Malmö.

Culture and leisure

economy

Historically, shipbuilding and its suppliers were Malmö's economic mainstay, especially the Kockum shipyard . Until its dismantling in 2002 was Kockums Crane , the crane Kockums shipyard, a symbol of the city. As a result of the shipyard crisis of the 1970s, which lasted into the 1990s, the unemployment rate rose sharply. In 1995 Malmö had the highest unemployment rate in Sweden.

The economic revitalization of the city is not least due to the construction of the Öresund Bridge (completed in 2000), which has significantly improved the opportunities to work as a resident of Malmö in Copenhagen. The local economy also benefited from the improved transport infrastructure thanks to the bridge. However, the unemployment rate in Malmö is still higher than in Stockholm or Gothenburg. The construction company Skanska is the largest employer in the city. But Malmö is also known as a shopping city.

traffic

Malmö on the Öresund with the Öresund Bridge

To the south of Malmö is the Öresund Bridge , a combined rail and road bridge over the Öresund . Malmö is the most important traffic center in southern Sweden, with a large train station from which trains depart to Stockholm , via Gothenburg to Norway , to Copenhagen , to Hamburg (via the Vogelfluglinie ), to Berlin (via the royal line ) and the surrounding area. Malmö Airport is located around 20 km east of Malmö , but it is dominated by the nearby Copenhagen Airport . Malmö is an important seaport with permanent connections to Lübeck - Travemünde and Rostock . Until shortly after the opening of the Öresund Bridge in 2000, this was the main ferry connection between Limhamn (part of Malmö) and Dragør on the other side of the Öresund.

In 2005, the construction of the city ​​tunnel began, which was inaugurated on December 12, 2010. With the railway tunnel, Malmö centralstation (Malmö C) was converted from a terminus to a through station . During the construction of the City Tunnel, the Malmö Syd station , which opened with the construction of the Öresund Bridge in 2000, served as a stop for long-distance trains that did not stop at the main station. With the opening of the city tunnel, Malmö Syd was temporarily closed and rebuilt and since its reopening on August 15, 2011, it has been the Malmö Syd / Svågertorp stop for Pågatåg line 6 in the direction of Ystad - Simrishamn .

Urban public transport is handled by buses after tram traffic was discontinued in 1973. A museum tram runs from the Museum of Technology to Malmöhus Park.

In Malmö, the infrastructure for bicycle traffic is well developed, even by Swedish standards. According to the city council, Malmö was rated as the most cyclist-friendly city in Sweden in a cyclist survey.

Education and Research

The Malmö University of Applied Sciences (Swedish Malmö Högskola ) was founded in 1998. With more than 24,000 students enrolled and around 1,800 employees, it is the ninth largest university in Sweden.

The Faculty of Art, which is part of the University of Lund , has an art, music and theater academy in Malmö, as are some institutions of the Medical Faculty.

The World Maritime University (WMU) (German: Weltschifffahrts-Universität) has its headquarters in Malmö. It was founded in 1983 by the International Maritime Organization , a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN).

Sports

Sports facilities

societies

Events

Several major sporting events took place in Malmö, including:

Others

An asteroid was named after the city of Malmö .

Personalities

gallery

  • town hall

  • Gamla Väster

  • St. Pauli Kyrka

  • Malmö Opera and Music Theater

  • Stortorget

  • Södra Förstadsgatan

  • The city library

  • Casino Cosmopoly

  • Malmö as seen from the Kronprinsen skyscraper

  • Lilla Torg

  • Malmo lighthouse

  • Water tower in the Hyllie district

Web links

Commons : Malmö  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Malmö  - travel guide

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Statistiska centralbyrån : Land area per Tatort, folkmängd and invånare per square kilometer. Vart femte år 1960 - 2015 (database query)
  2. ↑ www.entfernung.org - all information is straight line.
  3. ↑ Statistiska centralbyrån : perpetrators 2015 som delas av commungräns (Excel file)
  4. ↑ translator2: EuroVelo 10 - EuroVelo. Retrieved May 14, 2017 .
  5. ↑ Ny organization 2013 ( Memento from June 27, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) (Swedish), Malmö stad, accessed on June 13, 2013.
  6. ↑ Därför skapar vi stadsområden ( Memento from April 5, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) (Swedish), Malmö stad, accessed on June 13, 2013.
  7. ↑ Population with a foreign background , Malmöbor födda i utlandet, per stadsområdesförvaltning ( Memento from February 17, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (table file), malmo.se, accessed on February 17, 2015
  8. ↑ Population with a foreign background ( Memento from February 17, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), Malmöbor med utländsk bakgrund ( Memento from August 9, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF file), malmo.se, accessed on February 17, 2015
  9. ↑ Elof Hellquist: Malmö . In: Svensk etymologisk ordbok . 1st edition. CWK Gleerups förlag, Berlingska boktryckerie, Lund 1922, p. 452 (Swedish, runeberg.org ).
  10. ↑ See the following sources: Kogge "Tvekamp av Elbogen" at SchiffsSpotter.de or Cogge "Twekamp af Elbogen" at koggmuseet.se (Swedish)
  11. ↑ Copper engraving of the four cities at: auktionsverket.se
  12. ↑ Mimmi Tegnér: Erik av Pommern 1382-1459 ( Memento of August 12, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), Malmö museer, November 5, 2010. At www.malmo.se, accessed on June 19, 2013 (Swedish)
  13. ↑ Population information from the Skatteverket April 27, 2011 ( Memento from November 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  14. ↑ What is landscape? The Ankarpark in Malmö.
  15. ^ BUFF Film Festival , BUFF, accessed August 5, 2015
  16. ↑ Malmö högskola - Högskolan i siffror , website of Malmö University of Applied Sciences . Retrieved September 18, 2015.
  17. ↑ Fakta , (Swedish) Malmö FF, accessed September 3, 2018.