Ulster (Werra)

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Ulster
The Ulster in Geisa

The Ulster in Geisa

Data
Water code EN : 414
location Hessen , Thuringia ( Germany )
River system Weser
Drain over Werra  → Weser  → North Sea
source in the Hohe Rhön between the mountains Ottilienstein and Heidelstein
50 ° 27 ′ 55 ″  N , 9 ° 59 ′ 54 ″  E
Source height approx.  818  m above sea level NHN
muzzle near Philippsthal in the Werra coordinates: 50 ° 50 ′ 36 "  N , 9 ° 59 ′ 5"  E 50 ° 50 ′ 36 "  N , 9 ° 59 ′ 5"  E
Mouth height approx.  222  m above sea level NHN
Height difference approx. 596 m
Bottom slope approx. 10 ‰
length 57.2 km
Catchment area 421.032 km²
Discharge  (extrapolated)
A Eo : 109.1 km²
Location: 41.2 km above the mouth
MNQ
MQ
Mq
383 l / s
1.971 m³ / s
18.1 l / (s km²)
Discharge at the Günthers
A Eo gauge : 182 km²
Location: 30 km above the mouth
NNQ (09/13/1959)
MNQ 1956/2012
MQ 1956/2012
Mq 1956/2012
MHQ 1956/2012
HHQ (12/24/1967)
110 l / s
513 l / s
2.81 m³ / s
15.4 l / (s km²)
50.3 m³ / s
98 m³ / s
Discharge at the Unterbreizbach
A Eo gauge : 399 km²
Location: 5 km above the mouth
NNQ (04.09.1964)
MNQ 1941/2014
MQ 1941/2014
Mq 1941/2014
MHQ 1941/2014
HHQ (04.06.1981)
180 l / s
1.15 m³ / s
5.01 m³ / s
12.6 l / (s km²)
81.4 m³ / s
218 m³ / s
Discharge  (extrapolated)
A Eo : 421.032 km²
at the mouth
MNQ
MQ
Mq
1.23 m³ / s
5.279 m³ / s
12.5 l / (s km²)
Left tributaries Brandbach , Scheppenbach , Geisa , Taft
(for these and others see inflow table )
Right tributaries Birxgraben , Weid , Kohlbach , Bremenbach
(for these and others see inflow table )
Small towns Tann , Geisa
Communities Ehrenberg , Hilders , Schleid , Buttlar , Unterbreizbach , Philippsthal
Cycle paths: Ulster cycle path ; branching off: skittles cycle path and Milseburgradweg

The Ulster is a 57.2 km long, southern and left tributary of the Werra in Hesse and Thuringia ( Germany ). Viewed downstream, it flows in the district of Fulda (Hesse), in the Wartburg district (Thuringia) and in the district of Hersfeld-Rotenburg (Hesse).

In Thuringia, according to the Thuringian Water Act , the Ulster has the status of a water body of first order and is therefore the maintenance burden of the Free State. In terms of nature, it is the most important and central river in the interior of the Rhön . Its valley, each designated as a separate natural area in three sections, separates various mountain ranges from one another over almost its entire length (see section Natural Areas ).

geography

course

The Ulster spring on the Heidelstein

The Ulster rises in the East Hessian district of Fulda in the Hohe Rhön . Your source of running water is in the Rhön Biosphere Reserve and in the Rhön Nature Reserve at about half a straight line between the Ottilienstein ( 846  m ) in Hesse and the Heidelstein ( 925.7  m above sea level.  NHN ), whose summit 1.5 km southeast of Ottilienstein summit in Bavaria is . It is located on the transition area between the two mountains, almost 600 m east of federal road 278 on a forest hiking trail at 818  m altitude.

The Ulster flows in a predominantly northerly direction roughly along the B 278. In the upper course near the source it runs between the Steinkopf ( 888  m ) in the east and Mathesberg ( 831.8  m ) in the west. Then it touches the desert saxony between the Stirnberg ( 901.9  m ) in the east-southeast and the Schafstein ( 831.8  m ) in the west , where the Grumbach flows from the west- south-west , and Melperts , which lies between the Querenberg ( 804.8  m ) in the east and the Ehrenberg ( 816.5  m ) in the west. Then it runs through Seiferts , where the Birxgraben flows from the east , Thaiden and Batten . Then the Brandbach, which ultimately touches the Findlos Mountain ( 635  m ) at Findlos, joins from the southwest .

The Ulster then flows through the Hilders , which lies west of the Buchschirm (Buchschirmberg) ( 745.2  m ) , and when it passes through the aura it takes in the Scheppenbach, which also flows in from the southwest. Then it passes - when passing the Auersberg ( 756.8  m ) to the west - Neuschwambach , Unterrückersbach and Neustädtges , and then flows through between Mollartshof and Lahrbach . Shortly afterwards, the river passes Wendershausen east of the Habelberg ( 718.5  m ) , where the Weid coming from the southeast joins, and Tann . It then runs through Günthers and changes northwest of it to the Thuringian Wartburg district.

In Thuringia, the Ulster flows after taking in the apple stream flowing in from the southwest past Motzlar , which is east of the Rockenstuhl ( 529  m ), and after confluence of the Kohlbach coming from the east past Schleid . Then it runs through Geisa , east of Schleidsberg ( 502.6  m ) , where the Geisa flows in from the south-south-west. Thereafter, the Borsch river touches , where it receives the Bremenbach from the east-southeast. After subsequent open out the light coming from the east Bermbachs it passes Buttlar where the accompaniment of B ends 278 and where the Ulster when cutting the Kuppenrhön the federal highway 84 crosses under. After that the Ulster Wenigentaft passes , where it picks up the Taft from the southwest. Then it flows almost 1.5 km in length on the Hessian-Thuringian border.

Thereafter flows through the Ulster in Thuringia - in western passing the Ulsterbergs  - Pferdsdorf and passes RAESA . After flowing through Unterbreizbach , where the Breizbach coming from Oberbreitzbach in the west-southwest joins , the Ulster passes through the heart of the Philippsthal community in the Hersfeld-Rotenburg district of Hesse .

Finally, the Ulster joins the Werra west of the Philippsthaler Kernort after crossing the federal highway 62 at a height of 222  m coming from the south at the Hattorf potash works ; near the mouth of the river Werra lies the Philippsthal district of Röhrigshof .

Catchment area and tributaries

The catchment area of the Ulster is 421,032 km². Their mean water discharge at the Philippsthal gauge (AEO: corresponds to the size of the catchment area) is given as MQ = 5.1 m³ / s.

The Ulstertal separates two partial landscapes of the Kuppenrhön, the Auersberger Kuppenrhön in the east and the Soisberger Kuppenrhön in the west, and is also designated as a single natural area. The orography is accordingly more herringbone than fan-shaped. On a small scale, the fan is the Taft , its tributary with 571 l / s MQ just before the Weid (539 l / s) the most water-rich tributary.

The tributaries of the Ulster include (viewed downstream):

Surname page Length

(km)
EZG

(km²)
Mouth
height
( m above sea level )
Places
on the stream /
mouth
DGKZ
Hay meadow water right 000000000000002.90000000002.9 000000000000003.50000000003.5 566 Desert saxons 414-12
Grumbach Left 000000000000004.20000000004.2   000000000000006.50000000006.5 562 Forellenhof, basin mill, desert Saxony 414-134
Birxgraben right 000000000000004.20000000004.2 000000000000006.30000000006.3 512 Birx , Seiferts 414-18
Battenbach right 000000000000004.00000000004.0 455 Batten 414-1998
Brandbach Left 000000000000008.40000000008.4 000000000000023.500000000023.50 452 Dietges , Brand , Wickers , Batten - Findlos 414-2
Scheppenbach Left 000000000000010.900000000010.90 000000000000027.200000000027.20 412 Dietges , Rupsroth , Liebhards , Eckweisbach , Tann -Aura, under the supervision of Hilders 414-32
Habelbach Left 000000000000003.30000000003.3 000000000000005.20000000005.2 378 Habel , Esbachsgraben, Neustädtges oberh. Lahrbachs 414-36
Weid (Weidbach) right 000000000000010.300000000010.30 000000000000036.700000000036.70 365 Oberweid , Unterweid , Hundsbach- Herdathurm, Wendershausen 414-4
Lauterbach right 000000000000004.90000000004.9 000000000000004.60000000004.6 348 Hasenmühle below Tann 414-52
Apfelbach Left   000000000000006.20000000006.2 000000000000017.200000000017.20 311 Apfelbach , Schleid - Motzlar 414-56
Kohlbach right 000000000000010.500000000010.50 000000000000022.200000000022.20 296 Trembling , gaping crane , Schleid 414-58
Geisa Left 000000000000011.300000000011.30 000000000000030.100000000030.10 277 Spahl , Geismar , Wiesenfeld , Geisa 414-6
Bremenbach (Bremen) right 000000000000007.60000000007.6 000000000000014.300000000014.30 269 Bremen , Borsch 414-72
Bermbach right 000000000000006.30000000006.3 000000000000011.300000000011.30 260 Mieswarz , Bermbach , Upper Buttlars 414-74
Taffeta Left 000000000000011.700000000011.70 000000000000062.300000000062.30 251 Großentaft , Treischfeld , Wenigentaft 414-8
Mansbach Left 000000000000003.60000000003.6 000000000000008.10000000008.1 250 Mansbach , under. Wenigentafts 414-92
Mosa right 000000000000005.20000000005.2 000000000000006.50000000006.5 238 Mosa , Hüttenroda , Mühlwärts , Pferdsdorf 414-94
Breizbach (Breitzbach) Left 000000000000006.60000000006.6 000000000000011.200000000011.20 230 Oberbreitzbach , Unterbreizbach 414-98

Higher order tributaries:

Ulstertal near Wüstensachsen
Medieval ford and bridge in Pferdsdorf / Rhön

The main second-order tributaries are:

Natural spaces

Ulstertal from Heidelstein in the south to the mouth at Philippsthal (near Vacha ); the Middle Ulster Valley begins at the border triangle southwest of the Elbow , the Lower Ulster Valley west of the Ulsterberg in the north

The Ulstertal has a special natural spatial importance over practically its entire length and in particular separates various natural areas / mountain ranges of the Rhön . It goes through three different natural spatial main units:

The Upper Ulstertal is a natural area in the Hochrhön . It begins about 1 km below the Ulster spring, 1.3 km north-northwest of the 925.7  m high Heidelstein , and goes via Ehrenberg , Wüstensachsen and Melperts to Seiferts , where the 816.5  m high Ehrenberg is passed to the east. The valley separates the Wasserkuppenrhön in the west, up to 950  m high, from the Langen Rhön, which continues the Heidelstein and is 901.9  m high on the Stirnberg , in the east.

In the course of the valley, shell limestone and red clay emerge until the Middle Buntsandstein is reached in the desert saxony. Fluvial sediments cover the valley floor. While the edge heights are forested, arable farming is also practiced in the valley, while the floodplain consists mainly of grassland. The Ulster leaves the valley at an altitude of about 515  m .

The middle Ulstertal is a natural area of ​​the Kuppenrhön and extends from Seiferts u. a. Via Hilders and Tann and Geisa to Pferdsdorf , where the 487.4  m high, pointed-topped Ulsterberg is passed as the last mountain of the Rhön to the west.

On the right-hand side, the Lange Rhön changes into the Auersberger Kuppenrhön after about 6 km , whose namesake and highest mountain, the 756.8  m high Auersberg , is the first mountain to be passed about 2 km below.

On the left side is first to the 835.2  m , in Talnachbarschaft only up to 642  m high Milseburger Kuppenrhön flanked. After passing the peaks of Boxberg ( 685.4  m ) and Habelberg ( 719  m ), you finally reach the Soisberger Kuppenrhön . Dadenberg ( 726  m ) and, a little below, Roßberg ( 693.6  m ) rise up to the right of the Ulster . From then on, the heights of the Randberge gradually disappear until the Rhön is abandoned at Ulsterberg.

The Untere Ulstertal , a sub-natural area of ​​the Salzunger Werrabergland , is the very short valley section from Pferdsdorf via Unterbreizbach to immediately before the mouth in Philippsthal . To the left of the river is the Philippsthal potash heap (approx.  470  m ), and some distance to the right is the Öchsenberg ( Öchsen ; 627.2  m ).

Protected areas

Ulster in Günthers near Tann with Mühlgraben

The Ulster flows almost along its entire length in the Rhön Biosphere Reserve . Between the Hessian-Thuringian border and Pferdsdorf, the river and its floodplain were designated as a nature reserve by ordinance of September 12, 1990 . Since then, in this section comprehensive measures to restoration are the days of the GDR dictatorship in the regardless of hydrological or nature conservation concerns in the wake of mounting the inner-German border was made in sections developed and regulated watercourse. The protection goal is "the preservation and further maintenance of this natural and species-rich flowing water". The Ulster is part of the FFH area Ulster and the bird sanctuary Thuringian Rhön .

traffic

The Ulster is accompanied along its upper and middle reaches by the majority of the section Bischofsheim - Buttlar of the federal highway 278 . In Buttlar the B 84 crosses the river and shortly before its confluence with the Werra, the Ulster crosses the B 62 in Philippsthal . The route of the Ulster Valley Railway , which used to run in the Ulster Valley , is now largely used as the Ulster Cycle Path . The valleys of Haune and Fulda to the west can be reached via the Milseburgradweg , which branches off at Hilders, and the Haunetal can be reached via the Kegelspiel bike path branching off near Buttlar . The Wenigentaft-Oechsen Railway used to cross the river at Wenigentaft .

literature

References and comments

  1. a b c d e Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
  2. a b c d e f g h i j Water map service of the Hessian Ministry for the Environment, Climate Protection, Agriculture and Consumer Protection ( information )
  3. ^ Upper Ulster up to and including Scheppenbach
  4. ^ Deutsches Gewässerkundliches Jahrbuch Weser-Ems 2012. Lower Saxony State Agency for Water Management, Coastal Protection and Nature Conservation, p. 116, accessed on October 4, 2017 (PDF, German, 6523 kB).
  5. ^ German Hydrological Yearbook Weser-Ems 2014. Lower Saxony State Agency for Water Management, Coastal Protection and Nature Conservation, p. 117, accessed on October 4, 2017 (PDF, German, 8805 kB).
  6. a b Lengths of the tributaries originating in Thuringia by measuring the respective geopath (KMZ; 76 kB)
  7. a b c Thuringian State Agency for the Environment (ed.): Area and waterway key figures directory and map. Jena 1998; 26 pp.
  8. For a better overview and sorting downstream, a hyphen has been inserted for each river in the water body code (GKZ) after the number "414", which stands for the Ulster .
  9. Grumbach: catchment area estimated
  10. Apfelbach: via the left source brook 6.6 km long (measurement via geopath)
  11. Heidigsfeldgraben: via the right tributary "Auegraben" 2.9 km long (map service of the WFD Hesse)
  12. ^ Emil Meynen , Josef Schmithüsen (editor): Handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany . Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Remagen / Bad Godesberg 1953–1962 (9 deliveries in 8 books, updated map 1: 1,000,000 with main units 1960).
  13. Werner Röll: Geographical land survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 126 Fulda. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1969. →  Online map (PDF; 4.2 MB)
  14. Brigitte Schwenzer: Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 140 Schweinfurt. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1968. →  Online map (PDF; 4.3 MB)
  15. ^ Ordinance of September 12, 1990
  16. 5225-305 Ulster.  (FFH area) Profiles of the Natura 2000 areas. Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation . Retrieved November 17, 2017.
  17. 5326-401 Thuringian Rhön.  (EU bird sanctuary) Profiles of the Natura 2000 areas. Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation . Retrieved November 17, 2017.

Web links

Commons : Ulster  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Map / aerial view of the Ulster river system