Oldenburg regiments of the Danish army

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The ruling count of the County of Oldenburg and the County of Delmenhorst Anton Günther von Oldenburg , died in 1667. The heir to the country became the Danish line of the House of Oldenburg, which also included the King of Denmark, Friedrich III. and the house of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf . The county was initially administered by Count Anton I von Aldenburg - illegitimate son of the Count of Oldenburg. But in 1675 Duke Christian Albrecht from the House of Holstein-Gottorp had to give up his claims and leave Oldenburg and Delmenhorst to the Danes. The German homeland of the Danish kings remained with the Danish crown until 1773. In 1773, the Duchy of Oldenburg became an independent state in the Holy Roman Empire under Friedrich August von Holstein-Gottorp (1711–1785) . During the Danish period, the Danish king was thus also sovereign of a country within the Holy Roman Empire (similar to the Duchy of Schleswig ). As such, he allows several regiments to be recruited for the Danish army in Oldenburg . Some of these regiments only had a short lifespan, others even outlived the rule of the Danes in Oldenburg. The last one was dissolved in 1842.

Some not all of the leading officers had a connection to Oldenburg or East Frisia. The Wedel family was based on the Evenburg in Leer. Others had acquired goods, so Anthon Günther Pott (von Potthausen) bought the Eyhausen estate or Gustav Adolf von Baudissin inherited the Neuenfelde estate. Others were even born in Oldenburg like Clemens August von Haxthausen and died here like Detlev Lütken .

Oldenburg Foot Regiment or Land Regiment (1675–1803)

The regiment was established in 1675. 12 companies with teams from the counties of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst were to be formed. They should form the crews of the local forts . But already in December 1676 the nominal strength was halved to 6 companies and on December 26, 1676 it was determined that the peasants could buy themselves out of the draft with a payment of 20 thalers. At the same time, each company was granted 300 thalers in advertising money annually , so that foreigners also came into the regiment. In 1677, 200 men were sent to the fortress of Karlsburg near Bremen as a crew . When the fortress Christiansburg an der Jade was built in 1681 , men of this regiment were sent again. In 1682 it was increased to 12 companies and in 1684 by a further 6 to 18 companies. After that, the Jever rule was occupied with the regiment , but in 1688 it was moved to Oldesloe in Holstein. When the English took troops from the Danish king in their pay in 1689, a battalion of 5 companies under the command of Otto von Vittinghof was surrendered for 8 years in November 1689 . The battalion was merged in 1690 with a battalion that had been formed from the Queen's body regiment. This battalion was reduced to four companies on the way to England. A transport ship was seized by a French privateer , the men then went into French service. The parts that remained in Denmark were reinforced with a battalion from the Kurland regiment. A battalion was leased to England and Holland in the War of the Spanish Succession in 1701 . From 1701 it was led by Friedrich Wilhelm von Sonderburg and from January 9, 1708 by Hans Philipp Prätorius . It was not until 1714 that it came back to Denmark. The Oldenburg Regiment was reinforced with troops from the dissolved Württemberg regiment and was garrisoned in Stade . In 1715 it took part in the Pomeranian campaign of 1715/1716 . After Stralsund was taken, it was garrisoned there. In autumn 1716 it left the city again and was transferred to Copenhagen . It stayed there and in Helsingör until 1725, when it finally returned to Oldenburg. From 1726 to 1741 there were 7 companies in Oldenburg and Aurich and 5 more in Rendsburg and Friedrichsort . In 1741 a battalion was sent to Hannöversche, and in 1743 the entire regiment was concentrated in Rendsburg. From 1744 to 1758 there were again 5 companies in Oldenburg, the rest remained in Rendsburg. During the Seven Years' War from 1758 to 1762 it was part of the army that was stationed against the Russians in Holstein. In 1763 it came to Copenhagen and 1765 to Elsinore, in 1785 it came again to Copenhagen. On June 8, 1803, the regiment was disbanded and integrated into the Marine Corps.

List of heads of regiments

Baudissin Infantry Regiment (1675–1678)

The regiment was recruited in Oldenburg in 1675. The tribe consisted of 5 free companies that were established in 1669. It fought in 1675 and in the spring of 1676 in the Northern War near Bremen. After the conquest of Stade, four companies each were stationed in Oldenburg, Delmenhorst and Scania. The companies on Skåne were moved to Helsingborg in September 1676 and from there to Kristianstad . The other two were transferred to Friedrichstadt an der Eider and Tönning in 1677 , where they were supplemented with recruits , one battalion was then shipped via Kiel to Schonen and the other to Glückstadt . As part of the preparation for the attack on Rügen in September 1677, this regiment was integrated into the Fühnen regiment.

List of heads of regiments

Passow Regiment (1683–1684)

On February 27, 1683, the king gave permission to recruit 8 companies with 125 men each in the county of Oldenburg. After the draft it reached Glücksstadt on October 9, 1683, from there it came to Kiel. On March 6, 1684 it was moved to Copenhagen and dissolved on December 31, 1684. The troops were assigned to the Zeeland infantry regiment Prince Frederik .

List of heads of regiments

Tecklenburg Regiment (1683–1685)

On March 10, 1683, the king granted permission to recruit a regiment of 8 companies in Oldenburg. At the end of the year the regiment was enlarged again by 4 companies. It was moved to Copenhagen in May 1684, and from there to Holbaek and Roskilde on September 9th . In 1685 it came back to Copenhagen, where it was disbanded.

List of heads of regiments

Oldenburg National Regiment (1704–1764)

The regiment was established in 1704 from 6 companies with 150 men each from the counties of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst. Corruption soon followed . Before deployments, sick notes were obtained so that they did not have to go into the field. The money often came from landowners who preferred to let the soldiers work on their fields. The recipients were the company commanders , who made good money from it. It got to the point that garrison companies were only 1/4 of their nominal strength. In 1717 there was a major purification. The majority of the commanders were arrested. From 1710 to 1734 the regiment had 8 companies, from 1734 to 1754 there were 12, and from 1754 to 1764 there were only 6 companies. In 1764 the regiment was completely disbanded.

List of heads of regiments

4th Danish Infantry Regiment (1703-1721)

As early as 1701, Count Schlieben received the approval and money to set up a regiment on horseback and a regiment on foot in Oldenburg. The regiment on foot was rented to the Kaiser under Vollrath Ende. There it was supplemented with a Mecklenburg regiment under Karl Gustav von Malzahn (1663-1713). Then the 1st, 2nd and 3rd regiments went to Hungary. It was not until 1709 that it came back to Denmark. From 1711 to 1716 it took part in the fighting in northern Germany. In addition, it was reinforced on April 13, 1713 with the Callenberg battalion . With the campaign of 1717 it was sent to Norway, from where it returned in 1719. In 1721 it was disbanded.

List of heads of regiments

Delmenhorst Regiment (1764–1787)

The regiment was established on September 19, 1764. It consisted of 14 companies organized in 2 battalions. The strength was 44 officers , 13 middle and sub-staff officers, 1498 NCOs and commoners, of which 812 were enlisted and 686 were Delmenhorster. The regiment was sent to Norway in 1767. One battalion was stationed in Trondheim , the other in Bergen . In 1744 it was brought back to Denmark. According to the Army Act of 1774, it was re-stationed in 1776, the staff and 2 companies came to Holstebro , 3rd companies to Skive , 4 to Thisted and 3 to Nyköping . The excavation district was in the offices of Hald, Skive, Dueholm, Vestervig, Örum and Aalborg. In 1785 it was moved to Nyborg and Svendborg . The regiment was disbanded on December 11, 1787, the teams were integrated into the Prince Fredrik Regiment .

List of heads of regiments

Baudissin Cavalry Regiment (1675–1842)

The regiment was recruited in 1675 by Gustav Adolf von Baudissin in the county of Oldenburg. It was involved in the conquest of Stade in 1676 during the Bremen-Verden campaign . It was then moved to Skåne , where it remained until 1679. After the Northern War , it was moved back to Oldenburg. In 1683 it was ordered to Holstein with the rest of the army. It was then quartered in Ringköbing, Varde, Kolding and Hadersleben. In 1686 it returned to Holstein. In 1701 it came into English service to take part in the War of the Spanish Succession in Flanders . It was now involved in all the major battles of the war. After the peace it came back to Holstein in 1714. During the Pomeranian Campaign in 1715/1716 it fought at the siege of Stralsund , in 1716 it was moved to Zealand , where it remained until the end of the war. In 1719 it was given the Skanderborg Equestrian District and was given locations in Aarhus, Horsens, Skanderborg and Söbygaards. In 1734 it took part in the Rhine campaign against the French. It returned in 1736 and was given quarters in Fredericia, Vejle, Skanderborg, Söbygaard and Horsens. In 1741 it was moved again, this time to Randers, Aarhus and Bjellerup Ladegaard. Between 1758 and 1763 it came back to Holstein and then to Jutland . There it took up quarters again in Aarhus, Randers and Horsens. In 1803 it came back to Holstein, 1807 to Zealand and in 1815 it was given quarters in Horsens (3 squadrons ) and Vejle (1 squadron). In 1842 the regiment was disbanded.

In the course of history the regiment was given various names: 1675 Baudissin's Regiment, 1682 Oldenburg Regiment, 1702 Holstein Regiment, 1748 Schleswig Cuirassier Regiment, 1767 Schleswig Dragoon Regiment, 1772 Schleswig Reiter Regiment, 1816 Schleswig Cuirassier Regiment

List of heads of regiments

Oldenburg Cuirassier Regiment (1701–1763)

The Oldenburg Cuirassier Regiment was established in 1701 as the Ditmersens Regiment, but it took until 1703 when it was finally ready for action. This regiment was also supposed to be recruited by Count Schlieben in Oldenburg, but the latter had gambled away the money by 1702. After the regiment was ready it became part of the auxiliary corps that the Danish king gave to support the emperor in the War of the Spanish Succession . It was then used to fight an uprising in Hungary . The regiment returned in 1709 and was initially billeted in Holstein. In 1711 it was moved to Wismar . It then took part in the fighting in northern Germany. After the fighting ended in 1716, it was sent to Schleswig in 1717. Five companies took up quarters in Schleswig itself, one came to Sønderborg , one to Eckernförde and another to Husum . In 1728 it was given the Kolding Equestrian District. After a while, three companies and Fredericia , one in Vejle and four in Kolding, were stationed. At that time each company had 61 men and 61 horses. From 1748 to 1758 it was then quartered in Husum and Rendsburg . Until 1763 it was still on the border between Holstein and Mecklenburg but on May 31, 1767 it was dissolved.

List of heads of regiments

literature

  • Jonathan Smith: On the history of the Oldenburg army during the Danish period 1667–1773 in Oldenburg yearbooks, 1940/41, digitized
  • Otto Vaupel, Den danske haers historie til nutiden og den norske haers historie, indtil 1814 digitized (dan.)

Remarks

  1. ↑ a b The Danish king had promised the emperor 2,000 men for a campaign against the Turks. Count Schlieben received money and the order to recruit a cavalry and an infantry regiment. But when the regiments were about to be surrendered, only half the people were together. The count had already gambled away the money and preferred to flee. Cf. Otto Frederik Vaupell, Den danske haers historie til nutiden og den norske haers historie, indtil 1814 , p. 316 digitized version