Religions in Frankfurt am Main
Due to the long and eventful history of the city and the strong immigration of the past decades, Frankfurt am Main was and is home to believers of all religions and non-denominational people . At the end of 2018, 20.3% of the population were Roman Catholic, 16.2% Protestant ; 63.5% belonged to other denominations or religious communities or were non-denominational.
Frankfurt has also been the seat of one of the largest Jewish communities in Germany for centuries . The other world religions have settled in the city, which has always been internationally shaped , since the Second World War . But non-religious worldviews also make up a large proportion of the city's population today.
Christians
Frankfurt belonged before the Reformation to the Archdiocese of Mainz . For a long time the only parish church in the city was the Bartholomäuskirche , it was not until 1452 that the Peterskirche and the Dreikönigskirche became subsidiary churches . In addition there were the two collegiate monasteries St. Leonhard and Liebfrauen , the coming of the Teutonic Order and the Johanniter , religious branches of the Antonites , Barefoot (Franciscans) , Dominicans and Carmelites as well as the nunneries of the White Women and St. Catherine .
In 1522 Hartmann Ibach gave the first Protestant sermon in Frankfurt. In 1525, the city called the first Reformed preachers with Dionysius Melander and Johann Bernhard . On April 23, 1533, the city council banned Catholic worship in Frankfurt, but in 1548 as a result of the Augsburg Interim, the collegiate and monastery churches except for the Barefoot, Epiphany, Katharinen, Peters and Weißfrauenkirche were returned to the Catholics. Above all, this included the large St. Bartholomew's Church, which has been known as the “ Imperial Cathedral ” since the 18th century, as most of the elections and coronations of kings took place here until the end of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806 .
Although most of the churches remained Catholic, after the Reformation Frankfurt was almost exclusively a Protestant city until the 19th century. The Lutheran creed was predominant . But there were also Reformed church members through immigration .
The Reformed church was divided into the French Reformed congregation (since 1554) and the German Reformed congregation (with Dutch sermon language since 1555 and German since 1636) , depending on the language used in their services . After a short time of toleration, the council forbade the Reformed in 1561 to celebrate their services in Frankfurt. It was not until 1786 that the ban was lifted and the Reformed were allowed to build their own churches; from 1806 onwards, all three confessions were legally equivalent.
An endowment contract from 1830 regulates the use of the eight inner city churches , which are still owned by the city of Frankfurt, by the Christian communities.
Due to the earlier small states in the Rhine-Main area , the determination of the “traditional” denomination depends on the individual district . While the Free Imperial City and the districts that arose from it were dominated by Lutherans, as already mentioned, today's western districts around Höchst belonged to Kurmainz , i.e. a Catholic spiritual territory. The nearby northern parts of the city, including Bockenheim , belonged to the Reformed sovereigns of Hessen-Kassel . The Frankfurt Reformed therefore celebrated their services in Bockenheim from 1561 to 1786. The further northern, south-eastern (Offenbach) and southern environs belonged to Hessen-Darmstadt , which, like the Frankfurt city-state, was Lutheran.
At Frankfurt Airport there is a common prayer and prayer room for the Roman Catholic Church and the Protestant Church. Since 1995 there have been more Catholics than Protestants in the traditionally predominantly Lutheran city.
Denomination statistics
The 2011 census counted 166,260 Catholics and 157,980 Protestants (154,370 people in the Evangelical Church and 3,610 people in Evangelical Free Churches) in Frankfurt. According to the Statistical Yearbook 2019, the number of Protestant residents fell to 121,412 (16.2%) by 2018, that of Catholics to 151,616 (20.9%). Members of other denominations, religions as well as people without religious affiliation listed make up 63.5%. In 2018, 2996 members resigned from the Protestant Church, compared with 232 new entries and 799 baptisms.
Evangelical regional church
Since Frankfurt was a " Free City ", it also regulated its church affairs itself. Initially there was a Lutheran and later a Reformed consistory (administration of the church). Both administrative authorities were responsible for the communities of their confession in Frankfurt am Main (two consistorial districts). In 1899, both consistorial districts were combined under the Prussian administration of Frankfurt from 1866 to form the "Evangelical Consistorial District Frankfurt am Main" ( Evangelical Regional Church Frankfurt am Main ), which was combined in 1934 with the Evangelical Church in Nassau and the Evangelical Church in Hessen-Darmstadt. Within the new regional church, Frankfurt became the seat of a provost office, which was later renamed "Propstei Rhein-Main". Since October 1, 2017, the provost for Rhine-Main no longer has his office in Frankfurt, but in Wiesbaden.
The originally seven Protestant deaneries in Frankfurt were merged into four in 2002. Since 2014, all Protestant parishes in Frankfurt - provided they do not belong to a free church - have formed a joint Evangelical City Deanery Frankfurt within the Evangelical Church in Hesse and Nassau . On January 1, 2019, the ten Offenbach parishes were accepted into the Dean's Office, which was renamed the Evangelical City Dean's Office in Frankfurt and Offenbach . Only Bergen-Enkheim, which was incorporated in 1977, still belongs to the Evangelical Church of Kurhessen-Waldeck .
Other Protestant churches
The seven Evangelical Free Churches ( Baptist and Brethren ) had 510 members in Frankfurt in 2016. In 1954 there was one ward (with nine "branch churches") that had 652 members. In 1992 there were 592 members in three parishes.
49 members belonged to the Mennonite congregation in 2017 .
There are numerous German and foreign Evangelical and Evangelical Free Churches in Frankfurt . They include various Adventist and Evangelical Free Churches ( Baptists ), a Mennonite congregation , a Methodist congregation , as well as independent churches such as the Ichthys congregation in Nied, the Free Christian congregation in Frankfurt (FCG) and the free-charismatic evangelical church Kingdom Life Frankfurt and the Christian Center Frankfurt (CZF) in the Riederwald. Recently there have been special youth churches on the part of the Catholic and Free Churches .
Due to Frankfurt's trade relations with England , there have been Anglican Christians in the city for centuries . The congregation that exists today was created after the end of World War II through the presence of numerous Anglican US soldiers . In 1949 a provisional church was consecrated to St. Christopher on the corner of Hansaallee and Miquelallee in the immediate vicinity of the American occupation facilities . Due to the growth of the community, a new building was soon necessary. In 1957, the Christkönigkirche ( Church of Christ the King ), which was built and used together with the Old Catholic Community of Frankfurt, was consecrated on the corner of Sebastian-Rinz-Straße and Miquelallee. The Old Catholic Congregation moved into its own community center in 1985, and since then the Anglicans have been using the church alone. The services are held in English.
Roman Catholic Church
The Roman Catholic parishioners remained a very small minority after the Reformation. They initially still belonged to the Archdiocese of Mainz, after its secularization in 1805 temporarily to the Diocese of Regensburg and from 1827 to the newly founded Diocese of Limburg , which was established at the time for the Duchy of Nassau and the Free City of Frankfurt.
In the 19th century, more and more Catholics moved into the city. At first they all adhered to the Bartholomäuskirche. The parish districts were only divided up after 1884, although the cathedral initially remained the only Catholic parish church in the city.
By decree of the Limburg bishop in 1922, the parish of the cathedral was officially divided into six parishes. Later other parishes were founded. Today all parishes of the Limburg diocese make up the Frankfurt district; However, since the territorial reform of 1972/77, the urban area also includes parishes of the dioceses of Mainz (Harheim, Nieder-Eschbach, Nieder-Erlenbach) and Fulda (Bergen-Enkheim). The Profilkirche Center for Christian Meditation and Spirituality of the Diocese of Limburg has existed in Bornheim in the former parish church of the Holy Cross since 2007 , which was established as a meditation church on November 11, 2012 with the auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Limburg Dr. Thomas Löhr and the theologian and journalist Klaus Hofmeister celebrated its fifth anniversary.
The city of Höchst , which was incorporated into Frankfurt in 1928, is traditionally Catholic as a daughter city of Mainz and, due to its affiliation with Kurmainz , remained this even after the Reformation. The Carolingian Justinuskirche (inherited around 830) is the oldest church in Frankfurt that has been preserved in its structural fabric and remained the only Höchst parish church until 1908.
As the largest single church in the world, the Roman Catholic Church is itself an international and multicultural institution, which is also reflected in Frankfurt community life. Already in the early modern period this owed its mere survival to the immigration of foreign (northern Italian) Catholics. From the middle of the 20th century, numerous Catholic guest workers came to Frankfurt, especially Croats , Italians , Portuguese and Spaniards , and after the “ Iron Curtain ” was opened, many Poles too . In addition, thousands of non-European Catholics have found a new home in Frankfurt. Today in Frankfurt there are Eritrean (Kidane-Mehret-Gemeinde, St. Hedwig, Griesheim ), Indonesian (Masyarakat Katolik Indonesia Frankfurt, St. Antonius, Rödelheim ), two Italian (Comunità Cattolica Italiana di Francoforte sul Meno, St. Antonius, Westend) and in Höchst), French (Griesheim), Slovenian (Herz-Jesu, Oberrad ), Hungarian (Magyar Katolikus Egyházközség, Bockenheim ), Croatian (Hrvatska katolicka zajednica, Westend), Filipino (St. Ignatius, Westend), Polish (Polska Parafia Frankfurt nad Menem, Herz Marien, Sachsenhausen ), Portuguese (Comunidade Católica Portuguesa), Slovak (St. Gorazd, St. Pius, Bockenheim), Spanish (Misión Católica de Lengua Española, Ostend ), two English (St. Leonhard's International English -Speaking Catholic Parish, Leonhardskirche Altstadt (temporarily in the Heilig-Kreuz-Kirche in Bornheim ) and St. Mary's Parish of English-Speaking Catholics, Liederbach ), Tamil , Ukrainian ( Greek-Catholic ische ) and Vietnamese Catholic communities.
Orthodox churches
The Orthodox Christianity was by fair visitors and embassies early in Frankfurt present, unlike in the neighboring, by Prince marriages with Russia connected residential towns Bad Homburg , Wiesbaden and Darmstadt but not with its own church . The Icon Museum , which shows sacred art of Orthodoxy, has existed since 1990 .
Greek Orthodox Church
After 1945, Greeks from Leipzig settled in Frankfurt, mainly in the fur trade. In 1947 the congregation of Apostles Andrew and Saint George was founded. At the beginning of the 1950s, the orangery in Grüneburgpark , which had been destroyed by the war, was given to it, which it converted into a church. There is also a second Greek parish church (Prophet Elias) at the Westbahnhof in Bockenheim. Both are subordinate to the Greek Orthodox Metropolis of Germany of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople . There is also a Greek Orthodox prayer and prayer room at Frankfurt am Main Airport.
Russian Orthodox Church
The Russian Orthodox Church has remained organizationally divided since the October Revolution , despite a spiritual and canonical reunification that took place in 2007. In addition to the traditional patriarchy of Moscow and All Russia , the New York- based Russian Orthodox Church Abroad (ROKA) was formed, which also looks after some churches in the Rhine-Main area. Among them is the most famous Russian church in the city, the Russian-style St. Nicholas Church in Hausen . The old Russian churches in Wiesbaden, Bad Homburg, Bad Nauheim and Darmstadt also belong to ROKA. The Moscow Patriarchate founded a congregation in Frankfurt in 2003 ( congregation of the martyrs St. Kiprian and St. Justin ), which is currently a guest in the Protestant St. Matthew's Church. The Russian churches in the region of the Patriarchate are subordinate to the Archdiocese of Berlin and All Germany , those of the ROKA to the Russian Orthodox Diocese of the Orthodox Bishop of Berlin and Germany .
Romanian Orthodox Church
The Romanian Orthodox Nikolaigemeinde in Offenbach-Tempelsee was founded in 1975 as the fourth Romanian community in Germany. It is subordinate to the metropolitan area for Germany, Central and Northern Europe of the Romanian Orthodox Patriarchate in Bucharest . In 1979 a community in exile "Mother of God" was founded in Frankfurt, which, in opposition to the communist regime at the time, was not subordinate to the Bucharest Patriarchate but to the (Greek) Patriarchate of Constantinople and is still administered by it today. This community uses the Protestant St. Matthew's Church at the Friedrich-Ebert-Anlage.
The Serbian Orthodox Christians use the Apostle Lukas Church on Beethovenplatz in the Westend. The Frankfurt parish, to which the parish districts Offenbach / Darmstadt and Wiesbaden / Mainz also belong, looks after around 20,000 members and is subordinate to the Serbian Orthodox Diocese for Central Europe based in Hildesheim - Himmelsthür .
Bulgarian Orthodox Church
The Bulgarian Orthodox Christians also have their own congregation in Frankfurt, which is a guest in the Roman Catholic Maria Himmelfahrt congregation in Griesheim and whose church is used for their services.
The Arabic-speaking Rum Orthodox Church of Antioch , one of the oldest churches in the world, which is particularly widespread in Syria , Lebanon and southern Turkey , has two parishes in the Rhine-Main area in Wiesbaden and Butzbach , which also include the Frankfurt-based Arabic Orthodox Caring for Christians. The German parishes are subordinate to the Metropolitan Region for Western Europe with its seat in Paris, the leadership of the Roman Orthodox Church ( Patriarchate of Antioch ) has its seat in Damascus .
Ancient oriental churches
Many ancient oriental churches also use the designation “orthodox” (“orthodox”), but they have little in common with the Byzantine Orthodox (“Greek”) churches and form a completely independent denominational family. As their traditional habitat in Islamic dominated the Middle East is, it came in Frankfurt late to contacts with representatives of these churches. Most of the ancient Near Eastern Christians came to the region as immigrants, in many cases motivated by the violent persecution of Christians by the Muslim majority population in their home countries, from the Armenian genocide in the Ottoman Empire in 1915-17 to the ongoing persecution of Christians in Iraq .
The Coptic ( Egyptian ) Christians have had their own congregation in Frankfurt-Hausen ( St. Markus ) since 1975 , which is responsible for the entire Rhine-Main area and has around 1000 members. She was a guest in a Protestant church until 1997 and has since had her own community center (Lötzener Straße 33, Hausen district). Since 1980 there has been an important Coptic monastery in Waldsolms - Kröffelbach im Taunus . The monastery church, built in the Coptic style, was built in 1990 by the Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria , Schenuda III. consecrated. The services in Bockenheim and Kröffelbach are trilingual (German, Arabic, Coptic). The Coptic Bishop responsible for Germany has his seat in the Mauritius Monastery in Höxter , the Coptic Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria resides in Cairo .
The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church is numerically the strongest ancient oriental church, but recognizes the Patriarch (Pope) of Alexandria as its head. The church leadership responsible for Germany is in Cologne, the Ethiopian Patriarchate in Addis Ababa. The Frankfurt community of Haile Mariam was founded in 1995. It has around 4,000 members in the entire Rhine-Main area, but due to financial problems, despite its size, no church rooms of its own. She is therefore a guest in the Catholic Church of Women's Peace in Bockenheim. In 1999, a schismatic opposing congregation ( Medehane Alem Diaspora parish ) was established, which does not recognize the current Patriarch Abune Paulos and has been a guest at the Catholic Bonifatius Church in Sachsenhausen since 2003.
The Eritrean Church split from the Ethiopian after independence in 1993 and is also nominally subordinate to the Patriarchate of Alexandria. An Orthodox community of Eritrean refugees was founded in Frankfurt as early as 1992, caring for around 4,000 Eritrean Christians, some of whom come from Northern Hesse and the Rhine-Neckar region to attend the services in the Evangelical Church of St. Catherine .
The Syrian Orthodox Church sees itself as the owner of the old church patriarchate of Antioch and successor to the first Christian community mentioned in the Acts of the Apostles. Today it is the largest ancient oriental church in Germany with 55 parishes and 50,000 members. In Hesse , the Gießen area forms the most important center of Syrian Christianity with five parishes, in the Frankfurt area there are parishes in Bad Vilbel ( Church of Our Lady Maria , since 1980) and Rodgau-Dudenhofen (since 1997). The latter celebrates a monthly Sunday service in Fechenheim . There are two other communities in Wiesbaden.
The Armenian Apostolic Church maintains parishes in Hanau and Mainz in the region . The services take place in the Reformed Walloon-Dutch Church (Hanau) and the Protestant Altmünster parish (Mainz). The German diocese of the Armenian churches has its seat in Cologne .
Other Christian communities
The community center of the Old Catholic Church is located in the district of Bockenheim in the direct vicinity of the community center of the Herrnhuter Brethren Congregation Rhine-Main, a Protestant free church.
Also in Bockenheim is the Sophia Church , consecrated in 2001, of the Frankfurt parish of the Christian Community, which has existed since 1923 .
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has a meeting house in Frankfurt-Eckenheim. In the nearby Friedrichsdorf is the next Mormon temple , which is officially called the Frankfurt temple .
The oldest New Apostolic congregation was founded in Bornheim in 1889. The total of 12 New Apostolic congregations in Frankfurt today form the Frankfurt am Main regional district within the New Apostolic Church of Hesse / Rhineland-Palatinate / Saarland . In addition, the church's own publishing house, Friedrich Bischoff, is located in Frankfurt. In the New Apostolic congregation in the Nordend, divine services are also held in English.
Furthermore, there are also several meetings of Jehovah's Witnesses in Frankfurt , who hold their worship meetings in German and also in foreign languages, including Arabic, Chinese, Hindi, Tagalog, Tigrinja and Twi.
Jews
The first evidence of a Jewish settlement in Frankfurt am Main goes back to 1150, at that time still on the Weckmarkt, south of the cathedral. But already in 1241 and 1349 the first persecutions followed, the so-called "Jewish battles". From 1360, with a brief interruption during the Fettmilch uprising (1614-1616), the Israelite Community of Frankfurt am Main remained in existence for almost six hundred years until it was dissolved by the Nazis and has been rebuilt since 1945.
Since the 14th century, the life of the Jews in Frankfurt has been based on so-called residence. This ordinance determined the right of residence, taxes and details about professional activity and everyday behavior. Since 1462 the settlement of the Jews in the east of the city was arranged in a specially created ghetto , the Judengasse . This was located along the Staufen wall , which separated the old town from the new town built in 1333 . Originally planned for 110 residents, around 3,000 people lived in the 350 m long and 3 m wide alley at the beginning of the 18th century. Although the ghetto compulsion brought the Jews a certain protection against attacks by the mob , on the other hand it led to inhumane living conditions in the narrow street. During the Fettmilch uprising in August 1614, an angry mob looted the Judengasse and forced the Jews to flee to the neighboring towns of Höchst and Hanau . After the uprising was put down, they were able to return on February 28, 1616. From then on there was an imperial eagle on the gates of Judengasse with the inscription “Roman Imperial Majesty and the Protection of the Holy Empire”. Nevertheless, the Jews were still excluded from civil rights and had to endure numerous forms of discrimination. One example is the Judensau , an anti-Jewish mockery and disgrace attached to the Frankfurt bridge tower around 1475 , which was only removed when the tower was demolished in 1801.
At the end of the 18th century, influential citizens began to campaign for the emancipation of the Jews . B. the then senior Wilhelm Friedrich Hufnagel and the historian and reformer Anton Kirchner . In 1796, numerous houses in Judengasse were destroyed when the city was bombarded by French troops. Thereafter, the ghetto obligation was partially relaxed. In 1806 Grand Duke Carl Theodor von Dalberg decreed the religious neutrality of the state and equal rights for all denominations. In 1811, the ghetto obligation was formally lifted. As a result of the restoration after 1815, the Free City of Frankfurt reversed some of the reforms. It was not until 1864 that the Jewish residents were given full political and economic equality .
The wealthier Frankfurt Jews quickly left the former ghetto and first moved to the eastern parts of the city, such as Ostend and Bornheim, and later to the Nordend and Westend. The old Judengasse initially remained a residential area for the Jewish lower class. It was not until around 1880 that the old houses, with a few exceptions, for example the synagogue and the house at the Green Shield , the ancestral home of the Rothschild family , were demolished.
Since the middle of the 19th century, Frankfurt's Jews were significantly involved in the cultural, economic and political life of the city. Numerous foundations, such as the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University and institutions such as the Metallgesellschaft or the Frankfurter Zeitung, can be traced back to Jewish patrons and founders. But also within the Israelite community there was a dense network of social, charitable and educational institutions. Several schools, the Jewish hospital, the children's home and orphanage were located in the east of the city, near the zoo . Important rabbis and Ludwig Börne , a publicist and great advocate of emancipation, were at home in Frankfurt and shaped the liberal character of the community. In the 19th century, Rödelheim , where the publisher and scholar Wolf Heidenheim worked, became an important Jewish center. The new Rödelheim synagogue, inaugurated in 1838, remained in existence for a hundred years until it was destroyed in 1938.
Around 28,000 Jews lived in the city by 1933. It was the second largest Jewish community in Germany after Berlin . From a religious perspective, the majority of Frankfurt's Jews were liberal at that time , with the Börneplatz synagogue and the Westend synagogue on Freiherr-vom-Stein-Strasse. In addition, there was the orthodox oriented Jewish Religious Association , whose synagogue was located first in the Schützenstraße and from 1907 at the Friedberger Anlage.
The seizure of power by the National Socialists in 1933 marked, as everywhere in Germany, a deep cut in this development. More than 10,000 Jews were deported from Frankfurt am Main to the concentration and extermination camps, others were able to save themselves by emigrating. Of the four large synagogues, only the Westend Synagogue on Freiherr-vom-Stein-Strasse was spared the pogrom night in November 1938. In 1994 it was restored according to the original construction plans.
In July 1945 the Jewish community in Frankfurt am Main was re-established. Unlike before 1933, it is no longer made up of German Jews who have lived here for several centuries, but of immigrants from Poland, Romania, Hungary and Czechoslovakia who survived the Holocaust. By 1989 there were about 4,500 parishioners. Since then, the immigration of Jews from the former Soviet Union has increased that number to around 7,200.
The Jewish community Frankfurt am Main is socially and culturally an integral part of the city. This is expressed in the Jewish Culture Weeks, which have been taking place regularly since 1982, as well as cultural events in the community center, which are very popular with the citizens of the city. The Jewish community has repeatedly been the focus of interest in political disputes in recent years. So z. B. in the argument about the performance of the play “ The Garbage, the City and Death ” by Rainer Werner Fassbinder , in the argument about the excavations at Börneplatz and not least during the Walser-Bubis controversy.
Together with the Jewish Museum , the Fritz Bauer Institute for research into the effects of the Holocaust and the extensive Judaica collection in the Johann Christian Senckenberg University Library , the Jewish Community of Frankfurt am Main forms an important part of Jewish life and culture in the city. There are now four synagogues, the most famous being the Westend Synagogue . At the beginning of 2004, the well-known Jewish Philanthropin school was reopened as a primary school in Frankfurt . Today the Jewish Community Frankfurt am Main with 6,604 members is the third largest and one of the most important in the Federal Republic of Germany after Berlin and Munich.
There is also a Jewish prayer and prayer room at Frankfurt Airport.
Muslims
There are a total of 35 mosques in Frankfurt am Main. The Nuur Mosque , the third new mosque in Germany, was built in 1959 in Sachsenhausen by the Ahmadiyya Muslim Jamaat . Since then, numerous Islamic places of prayer have sprung up in the city. All major Islamic denominations are represented in the city. The Alevi Cultural Center is located in the Nied district . There are Shiite mosques in Seckbach and Griesheim . Most of Frankfurt's mosques belong to the Sunni faith. Since most of Frankfurt's Muslims are immigrants , the congregations usually organize themselves according to their countries of origin and also hold services in their native language. In addition to the numerous Turkish communities represented (many of which belong to the umbrella organization DİTİB ) there are Afghan , Bengali , Iranian , Moroccan , Bosnian , Pakistani and Somali communities. Before this development, the Nuur Mosque was the focus of Islamic life in southern Germany for around 25 years. At the moment there is also the IIS (Islamic Information and Service Services eV) association at Mainzer Landstrasse 116, which holds sermons in the mosque only in German.
The DİTİB's Merkez Mosque in Frankfurt is the largest of four backyard mosques on Münchener Straße , while the Islamic Center Frankfurt developed from the “Islamic Community in Southern Germany” and is now located on Eichenstraße in Griesheim.
The Frankfurt Congregation of the Liberal-Islamic Association has existed since around 2013 and is also open to non-members. It is not ethnically influenced. Special features include, among other things, that prayers are also led by women, gender segregation is not mandatory in prayer and LGBT Muslims are also welcome.
There are only estimates about the number of Muslims in Frankfurt. It was last statistically recorded in the context of the census in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1987 : At that time around 38,000 Frankfurt citizens belonged to an Islamic religious community, including around 1,300 Germans and 36,700 foreign nationals. According to an estimate published in 2007, around 75,000 Muslims were living in Frankfurt at the end of 2006, more than half of whom came from Turkey. Around two thirds of Muslims were foreign nationals, around one third Germans with a migration background . According to a calculation from the census figures for people with a migration background, the proportion of Muslims in the population on May 9, 2011 was 13.0 percent (around 87,000 people). There is also a mosque at Frankfurt Airport.
Hindu
Indian Hindus , in whose country of origin Hinduism is at home, hardly have their own religious buildings in Germany compared to Hindus from Sri Lanka . There is a Hindu temple in Frankfurt am Main, which, along with the Sri Kamadchi Ampal temple in Hamm, is one of the few Hindu temples in Germany. State institutions are mainly used for religious festivals. In 1960 the Hindu SRF religious community of Yogananda was officially founded in Frankfurt. And in 1987 the Sri Chinmoy group started their meetings.
Buddhists
In 1955, the Buddhist umbrella organization of Germany, the German Buddhist Union (DBU) was founded in Frankfurt.
The Shambhala meditation center is located in Frankfurt-Sachsenhausen , where various Buddhist groups such as Rigpa , Theravada groups and practitioners of all other Buddhist traditions meet. The Tibet House Germany has been located in Bockenheim since 2005 and is under the patronage of the 14th Dalai Lama ; Beyond Tibetan Buddhism, the entire Tibetan culture and medicine is conveyed in the form of lectures, seminars and joint festivals.
As a result of immigration from Asia, Korean, Thai and Vietnamese congregations with their own places of prayer emerged in Frankfurt. Around 2000, Vietnamese and Chinese Buddhists founded the Vietnamese Phat Hue Pagoda and the Chinese Fo Guang Shan Pagoda, respectively. The Thai Buddhist monastery Wat Bodhi-Dhamm has existed in Höchst since 2003 .
Since 2006, many Buddhist associations and centers from the greater Frankfurt area have been organizing a summer festival in the Ostpark. The German Buddhist Union, the Tibet House Germany and the Phat Hue Pagoda jointly organized the public lectures of the Dalai Lama, which took place in 2009.
Zoroastrian
Not far from Mainzer Landstrasse is the garden of the Zarathustrian community in Frankfurt am Main, which was founded in 2004 , where religious festivals such as B. committed the Gahanbahars. The garden is also used by the Zarathustrian community in Wiesbaden and all Zarathustrians in the area. According to the municipality, around 150 Zoroastrian families, mostly from Iran, live in the Frankfurt area.
Others
- There is a cultural center for Indian Sikhs in the Unterliederbach district .
- The Baha'i religious community has had its only house of prayer in Europe in neighboring Hofheim-Langenhain since 1964 .
- The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons) has its headquarters for the Central Europe area in Frankfurt am Main and two congregations in Höchst and Eckenheim. The Frankfurt Temple in Friedrichsdorf was the first Mormon temple in what was then the Federal Republic of Germany in 1981.
Web links
- Religions of the world in Frankfurt in "Ei Gude Buch 2019"
- Orthodox congregations in the area of the EKHN A report by the working group Orthodox Churches of the Evangelical Church in Hesse and Nassau. Brochure, 3rd edition, September 2007. Describes all of the Eastern Christian churches in the region; H. Byzantine Orthodox, Ancient Near Eastern and Assyrian communities. (PDF file; 499 kB)
- Liane Wobbe: Hindus and Hinduism in the German Diaspora
- German Buddhist Union
- Vietnamese Pagoe Phat Hue
- Tibet House Germany
- The visit of the Dalai Lama in Frankfurt a. M. 2009
- History of the Jews in Frankfurt a. M. (1150-1824) by Isidor Kracauer, 2 volumes, free download
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b religious affiliation. (PDF, 4.18 MB) In: Statistical Yearbook Frankfurt am Main 2019. City of Frankfurt am Main. Citizens' Registration Office, Statistics and Elections, December 2019, p. 22 , accessed on March 8, 2020 .
- ↑ Census2011 - results . Retrieved January 1, 2018.
- ↑ Evangelical Church Frankfurt Info Figures, data, facts , accessed on August 1, 2019 (only Evangelical City Deanery Frankfurt, excluding Bergen-Enkheim)
- ↑ Yearbook of the Federation of Evangelical Free Churches in Germany 2017/18 , Kassel 2017, p. 105.
- ↑ 1954 yearbook of the Federation of Evangelical Free Churches in Germany , Kassel no year [1955], p. 51.
- ^ 1993 yearbook of the Federation of Evangelical Free Churches in Germany , Kassel 1993, p. 76.
- ↑ Mennonite Yearbook , Volume 117, 2018, p. 153.164.
- ↑ History of the community ( Memento of the original from October 29, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Website of the Anglican Christ the King Congregation
- ^ Journal of Religious Studies, Marburg: Diagonal-Verlag, 1993 p. 38
- ↑ Website of the Greek Orthodox Metropolis of Germany ( Memento of the original from December 25, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Orthodox communities in the EKHN area ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. A report by the Orthodox Churches Working Group of the Evangelical Church in Hesse and Nassau
- ↑ Romanian-speaking parish Dormition of the Mother of God Frankfurt am Main ( Memento of the original from December 26, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Website of the Greek Orthodox Metropolis of Germany
- ^ Website of the Christian Community Congregation in Frankfurt
- ↑ Website of the New Apostolic Church in Frankfurt ( Memento of the original from December 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Membership statistics of the Jewish communities ( Memento of the original from September 13, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , P. 1, as of December 31, 2015 (PDF)
- ^ Mosques in Frankfurt am Main. Retrieved September 14, 2015 .
- ^ Website of the Frankfurt community of the Liberal-Islamic Association. Retrieved February 1, 2017 .
- ^ A b Waltraud Schröpfer: Muslims in Frankfurt am Main - results of an estimate. In: Frankfurter Statistical Reports. 2007, accessed February 26, 2020 .
- ↑ Map page: Muslims in Hesse - communities . March 27, 2017. Retrieved January 1, 2018.
- ↑ srf-frankfurt.de: meditation group Frankfurt Community of Self-realization / Self-Realization Fellowship. Retrieved October 30, 2017 .
- ↑ de.srichinmoycentre.org: Meditation in Frankfurt. Retrieved October 30, 2017 .
- ↑ Tibet House Germany
- ↑ Phat Hue Vietnamese Pagoda
- ↑ site Wat Bodhi Dhamm
- ^ Buddhist festival in the east park
- ^ The hosts of the Dalai Lama's visit to Frankfurt in 2009 ( Memento from May 2, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Community history ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on the website of the Zoroastrian Congregation in Frankfurt am Main
