Jiřetín pod Jedlovou
| Jiřetín pod Jedlovou | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Ústecký kraj | ||||
| District : | Děčín | ||||
| Area : | 1136.902 hectares | ||||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 53 ' N , 14 ° 35' E | ||||
| Height: | 458 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 672 (Jan. 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 407 56 | ||||
| License plate : | U | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Railway connection: | Rybniště – Varnsdorf | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | local community | ||||
| Districts: | 4th | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Bohuslav Kaprálik (as of 2018) | ||||
| Address: | Vinařská 32 407 56 Jiřetín pod Jedlovou |
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| Municipality number: | 562572 | ||||
| Website : | www.jiretin.cz | ||||
| Location of Jiřetín pod Jedlovou in the Děčín district | |||||
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Jiřetín pod Jedlovou (German Sankt Georgenthal ) is a municipality in the district of Okres Děčín , Ústecký kraj , in the Czech Republic .
geography
Geographical location
The village is located in northern Bohemia in the Lusatian Mountains in the Bohemian Netherlands at 458 m above sea level. M. at the foot of the steep Kreuzberg ( Křížová hora ), on which a Way of the Cross was built in 1764 , about 30 km northeast of Děčín ( Tetschen ), 45 km northeast of Ústí nad Labem ( Aussig ) and 89 km north of Prague .
Nearby are the striking Tollenstein ( Tolštejn ) with its castle ruins and the Tannenberg ( Jedlová ).
Community structure
The town of Jiřetín pod Jedlovou consists of the districts Jiřetín pod Jedlovou ( Sankt Georgenthal ), Lesné ( Innozenzidorf , also called Buschdörfel ), Jedlová ( Tannendorf ) and Rozhled ( Tollenstein ). Basic settlement units are Jedlová, Jiřetín pod Jedlovou, Lesné, Rozhled and Tolštejn.
The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts Jedlová, Jiřetín pod Jedlovou and Rozhled.
history
The town with the regular layout of Saxon mining towns was founded in 1552 - 1554 by Georg von Schleinitz auf Tollenstein after he had brought miners from Saxony to the so-called Schleinitz Ländchen in 1548 . The City Church of the Holy Trinity was built between 1584 and 1611 and redesigned in a neo-Gothic style in the 19th century. In 1787 St. Georgenthal received town charter from Rudolf II . Georgenthal formed a community in the Warnsdorf judicial district from the middle of the 19th century .
Mining for copper , silver and tin in the area had its heyday until the Thirty Years War , it was completely stopped in 1888. In the middle of the last century, the tunnel of Saint Evangelista of the Frisch Glück Erbstolln mine was opened as a visitor mine , which has been accessible again since 1999 .
A department of the Mountain Association for Northern Bohemia tried to develop tourism until 1938 .
St. Georgenthal, whose population was German, was added to the newly created Czechoslovakia after the First World War . The political life of the city in the interwar period was initially influenced by the important position of the Social Democrats, but also after the split from Communists (1921), especially by the German Social Party. The voting ratio of the individual parties fluctuated until it was influenced by the economic crisis after 1929 (1934: 256 unemployed out of around 2100 inhabitants) and after 1933 by Hitler's takeover of power in Germany. In the course of further development, the Henlein movement, the later Sudeten German Party (1935), which grew rapidly , arose in place of the banned German National Party and German National Socialist Party (1933) . After initial declarations of loyalty, the movement openly committed itself to National Socialism in 1938. Since the municipal elections on June 12, 1938, the city council was headed by a member of the SdP.
After the Munich Agreement , St. Georgenthal was annexed to the German Reich and occupied by the Wehrmacht on October 2, 1938. 1938 and 1945 St. George valley belonged to the county Warnsdorf , Region of Usti nad Labem , in the Reich District of Sudetenland . The previous associations and organizations were dissolved and replaced by new, National Socialist ones. The census on May 17, 1939 recorded 2138 inhabitants in St. Georgenthal.
The beginning of the war was initially welcomed by parts of the population. On March 23, 1945, Allied aircraft dropped bombs on the fields between Grundberg and Lichtenberg and in the forest against Oberkreibitz. The Soviet armed forces had advanced to Bautzen on April 16, 1945 . The construction pioneer battalion and other workers erected new anti-tank barriers in the urban area as well as positions in the vicinity. Outside the city, on both sides of Tollensteiner Strasse, an anti-tank trench was dug. On May 9, 1945 the invasion of Soviet units and the 2nd Polish Army took place. The administration of the city was taken over on May 10, 1945 by the Czechoslovak National Council and the security service was set up.
The status of native Germans in the areas taken over by Czechoslovakia after the end of the war was regulated by the Beneš decrees . The Sudeten Germans did not receive Czechoslovak citizenship, other decrees legally stipulated the confiscation of German agricultural and all other property. As everywhere in Czechoslovakia , the Germans were expelled from St. Georgenthal in the course of so-called "wild" deportations until further deportations were banned at the Potsdam Conference . Nevertheless, on August 12, 1945, there were still 1058 Sudeten Germans and 204 German anti-fascists living in St. Georgenthal. Then the former Warnsdorf POW camp was converted into an internment camp for Germans. Further transports from the camp were sent by rail. The first train with Germans did not leave until April 22, 1946, the last - the thirteenth - on October 10, 1946.
From October 1, 1944 to February 28, 1945 there was a subcamp of the Flossenbürg concentration camp in the village , whose 33 prisoners had to do forced labor for the A. Schultze company.
Before 1945 the city had about 2500 inhabitants; After the expulsion of the German population, the number of inhabitants fell to just under 600 today, and the place lost its town charter.
Simultaneously with the evacuation of the Germans, the town and the nearby villages were resettled, but on August 18, 1945 only 120 Czechs and 16 Slovaks lived in Sankt Georgenthal. On the day of the census, there were 857 people in Sankt Georgenthal. Together with Rozhled (Tollenstein), Lesné (Innozenzidorf) and Jedlová (Tannendorf) the population was 992, but then it steadily decreased to 614 on the day of the 1991 census.
Population development
Until 1945 Sankt Georgenthal was predominantly populated by German Bohemia , which were expelled.
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1830 | 1073 | in 244 houses according to other information in 249 houses |
| 1844 | 1773 | in 263 houses |
| 1857 | approx. 2000 | |
| 1900 | 2501 | German residents |
| 1921 | 1995 | including 1872 Germans |
| 1930 | 2178 | |
| 1939 | 2138 |
coat of arms
The town's coat of arms, awarded by Rudolf II on December 18, 1587, shows the Tollenstein Castle with two towers, between which a pelican is depicted. In front of the open gate of the castle is St. To see Georg.
sons and daughters of the town
- Johann Birnbaum (1793–1872), painter
- Franz Anton Ernst (1745–1805), composer
- Anton Donat (1746–?), Painter
- Johann Aloys Miksch (1765–1845), singer and singing teacher
- Edmunda Maria Anna May (1805–1874), abbess in St. Marienstern
- Josef Pietsch (1810–1866), priest
- Wenceslaus Salomon (1874–1953), painter
literature
- Emil Brunn: St. Georgenthal. A small town in the North Bohemian Netherlands (= Dutch books . 13, ZDB -ID 1190171-8 ). Federation of the Dutch, Böblingen 1981.
Web links
- History and description of the city
- Sankt Georgenthal - č. Jiřetín pod Jedlovou (genealogy.net)
- Jiretin City Homepage
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/562572/Jiretin-pod-Jedlovou
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/562572/Obec-Jiretin-pod-Jedlovou
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/zsj-obec/562572/Obec-Jiretin-pod-Jedlovou
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/562572/Obec-Jiretin-pod-Jedlovou
- ↑ a b c Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 1: Leitmeritzer Kreis , Prague 1833, pp. 283–284, paragraph 25). ( books.google.de ).
- ↑ a b Jaroslaus Schaller : Topography of the Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 5: Leutmeritzer Kreis , Vienna 1787, pp. 236-238, item 12).
- ↑ Sankt Georgenthal satellite camp (Jiřetín pod Jedlovou). ( Memento of the original from July 7, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Website of the Flossenbürg Concentration Camp Memorial. Retrieved July 6, 2016
- ↑ divergent Groß-Rosen, Rudolf M. Wlaschek: Jews in Böhmen . Munich: Oldenbourg, 1990, p. 153
- ↑ Yearbooks of the Bohemian Museum of Natural and Regional Studies, History, Art and Literature. Volume 2, Prague 1831, p. 197, paragraph 13 ( books.google.de ),
- ^ Friedrich Carl Watterich von Watterichsburg: Handbook of regional studies of the Kingdom of Bohemia. Prague 1845, p. 608. ( books.google.de ).
- ^ Pierer's Universal Lexicon . Volume 7, Altenburg 1859, p. 201.
- ^ Meyer's Large Conversational Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 17, Leipzig and Vienna 1909, p. 560 .
- ^ Sudetenland Genealogy Network
- ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to reunification in 1990. Warnsdorf district (Czech: Varnsdorf). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
