City of Stolberg (Harz)

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City of Stolberg (Harz)
South Harz municipality
Coat of arms of the city of Stolberg (Harz)
Coordinates: 51 ° 34 ′ 23 "  N , 10 ° 57 ′ 17"  E
Height : 296  (265-370)  m above sea level NHN
Area : 67.52 km²
Residents : 1286  (Dec. 31, 2009)
Population density : 19 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : September 1, 2010
Postal code : 06536
Area code : 034654
Bennungen Breitenstein Breitungen Dietersdorf Drebsdorf Hainrode Kleinleinungen Questenberg Roßla Rottleberode Schwenda Stolberg (Harz) Uftrungen Wickerode Hayn (Harz) Landkreis Mansfeld-Südharzmap
About this picture
Location of the city of Stolberg (Harz) in the southern Harz
Stolberg half-timbered ensemble with castle in the southern Harz

City of Stolberg (Harz) is a district of the municipality of Südharz in the district of Mansfeld-Südharz in Saxony-Anhalt . The approximately 1,400 inhabitants in the town resin had to its incorporation in 2010, the town charter and is now known as health resort and Historic European city . The hallmarks are the many half-timbered houses in the Renaissance style.

Geographical location

Stolberg is located in the Lower Harz in the Harz / Saxony-Anhalt Nature Park . It lies between Breitenstein in the north and Rottleberode in the south at the origin of the Helme tributary Thyra and on the district road  2354 (Breitenstein – Rottleberode) at about 265 to 370  m above sea level. NN . The border with Thuringia runs 4 km to the west.

history

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At the market in Stolberg around 1905
Market in Stolberg
Memorial plaque for participants in the holiday camp
View through Niedergasse in 1909

The place emerged around the year 1000 as a miners ' settlement , although mining has been detectable in the area since 794 . Iron , copper , silver , tin and gold have been mined here since ancient times . The first documentary mention comes from the year 1210 in connection with the count family resident here. Before 1300 Stolberg was granted city rights. The city was the residence of the Counts of Stolberg from the beginning .

Under the peasant leader Thomas Müntzer , who was born here , Stolberg was the site of several battles during the German Peasants' War . On May 2, 1525, rebellious farmers invaded the city and forced the ruling Count Botho zu Stolberg to accept their demands (24 Stolberg articles) , which, however, quickly reversed them after the farmers' defeat.

Coins have been minted in Stolberg since the High Middle Ages , and the handicraft had its heyday in the 16th century . The mining, however, was stopped from the 17th century. In 1815, the previously Saxon city ​​came to the Duchy of Saxony, which was converted into the Province of Saxony of the Kingdom of Prussia in 1816 .

The Counts of Stolberg-Stolberg set up a consistory in the middle of the 16th century to head the Lutheran church in the county , which was established in 1658, the establishment of its own church administration in the county of Stolberg-Wernigerode, which was separated in 1645, as the Count's , and from 1893 Princely Consistory of Stolberg -Stolberg operated. Since 1821 the Lutheran parishes in the area of ​​the former county belonged to the ecclesiastical province of Saxony of the new, administratively uniate Evangelical Church in Prussia . Today they belong to the Evangelical Church in Central Germany, which was founded in 2009 .

The consistory, however, continued with regional jurisdiction over the Lutheran parishes in the former county. Until the separation of state and church in 1919, it was directly subordinate to the landlord, Count / Prince von Stolberg-Stolberg and indirectly to the President of the Province of Saxony. At the end of 1944, the Evangelical Upper Church Council (head of the regional church) moved its seat from the endangered Berlin to the Stolberg consistorial building.

On November 5, 1947, the Stolberg-Stolberg consistory was combined with the "old" Princely Consistory of Stolberg-Roßla , seat of Roßla , to form a consistorial district, with the now "new" Evangelical Lutheran Consistory of Stolberg-Roßla having its seat in Stolberg. "The church leadership of the Evangelical Church of the ecclesiastical province of Saxony [...] decided on the dissolution of the Evangelical-Lutheran Consistory of Stolberg-Roßla with a resolution of October 28, 2005 in agreement with the synod of the Eisleben church district ."

In 1833 Stolberg already had 2,392 inhabitants. At the beginning of the 20th century, Stolberg became a tourist destination and in 1923 a railway to Berga-Kelbra was opened. After all, the city has been a health resort since 1946.

In the Second World War, Stolberg lost 76 dead and ten missing. Seven residents of Stolberg were also killed in the British bombing raid on Nordhausen on April 3, 1945. 8 to 10 bombs fell on Stolberg, completely destroyed two properties, damaged 15 houses of varying severity and tore up streets.

Early in 1946 were " werewolf " -Vorwurf 14 young people aged between 15 and 18 years (two were 19 and 20 years old) through an operational group of the Soviet security service NKVD arrested by a military tribunal to death (three teenagers, in two Cases enforced ) or sentenced to long prison terms of up to 25 years. The majority of the young people did not survive the prison conditions in the Soviet special camps . In 1995 the group was rehabilitated by the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation.

During the GDR era, the pioneer holiday camp “ Soja Kosmodemjanskaja ” existed in Stolberg .

On September 1, 2010, Stolberg was incorporated into the southern Harz community .

On July 1, 2014, the new municipal constitutional law of the state of Saxony-Anhalt came into force. In its § 14 (2) the municipalities are given the opportunity to assign this designation to the districts that were towns before the incorporation. The municipality of Südharz has made use of this regulation for the district of Stolberg (Harz). Their new main statutes came into force on January 1, 2017. In §§ 1 and 15 (1) the districts and localities are listed with their official names.

politics

Local mayor

Local mayor of Stolberg is Ralf Rettig (independent).

coat of arms

The coat of arms was redesigned by the heraldist Lutz Döring . It shows a deer under a red city gate with three towers.

Town twinning

Memorials

Transport links

Stolberg can be reached both by car and by bus. You can come by car from the north and thus from the Harz Mountains, from the south from the Kyffhäuser Mountains via the Berga motorway exit of the A 38 . Until December 2011, Stolberg was connected to the main line Halle - Kassel via the Berga-Kelbra – Stolberg line , where there were good transfer options at Berga-Kelbra station. On weekdays the traffic from there was carried out by buses, on weekends by the Burgenland Railway . In addition, there were continuous trains from Leipzig and Magdeburg via Sangerhausen directly to Stolberg in the summer . These excursion trains ran once in the morning to Stolberg and in the afternoon back to Leipzig or Magdeburg. The scheduled train service to Stolberg was canceled by Nahverkehrsservice Sachsen-Anhalt (NASA) in December 2011, due to insufficient utilization of the trains. Today two bus lines operate here, one from the Südharz transport company and one from the Harz transport company , through which you can reach Quedlinburg , Hasselfelde and Sangerhausen.

Culture and sights

Buildings

Stolberg Castle (top right) above the medieval town;
Stereoscopy No. 659 as a postcard , Knackstedt & Näther Verlag , around 1900
The lock
The town hall on the market
Saiger tower
Former post office, behind it the Saiger tower

Worth seeing is Stolberg Castle , which stands on a mountain sloping down on three sides and whose oldest component, the round tower, dates from around 1200, but whose newer parts were built in the Renaissance style between 1539 and 1547. In the south-east wing is the classicistic large reception room , the red hall, a design by Karl Friedrich Schinkel . The castle was given its current appearance through renovations between 1690 and 1700. Until it was expropriated in 1945, the castle was owned by the Fürst zu Stolberg-Stolberg family. It is currently being extensively restored and renovated by the German Foundation for Monument Protection .

The town hall from 1454 is a curiosity because it has no stairwell. The access to the upper floors can only be reached via an outer staircase which also leads up to the late Gothic St. Martini Church . On April 21, 1525, Martin Luther preached against the peasant uprising in this church . The restoration of the three-aisled basilica from the 13th century is very complex because of its hillside location. Here too, along with other donors, the German Foundation for Monument Protection has been involved twice. The Marienkapelle is to the northwest of the church . A Müntzer memorial created by the sculptor Messerschmidt was erected right in front of the town hall in memory of Thomas Müntzer's birthday, which was celebrated in 1989.

Opposite the town hall is the Saiger tower . It dates from the 13th century; the upper part was renewed at the beginning of the 19th century. It gets its name from the Saigerschmelzhütte that stood next to it in the Middle Ages. Thomas Müntzer's birthplace, which was partially burnt down in 1851, is in Niedergasse and is now the Thomas Müntzer House . Also in Niedergasse is the St. George Chapel and the Old Mint, which houses the local history museum . At the western end of the Rittergasse you will find the Knight's Gate as the only preserved medieval town gate in the city. To the west of the gate is the Chalet Waldfrieden, built in 1810, near which the Chapel of the Holy Cross stood until 1818 . The Luther beech, reminiscent of Martin Luther, is located on a mountain slope southwest of the city . The bell fountain is located below the beech tree on the banks of the Lude . The deer monument is located in the forest northwest of the city .

The Große Auerberg ( 579  m ) rises not far from Stolberg . On top of it is the 38 meter high observation tower with the name Joseph Cross . It is the largest double iron cross in the world.

Road design

The design of the public space in Stolberg is unique in Germany. At the entrances to the city there is a sign for Tempo 30 and no parking zone (with a parking disc, you can park for one hour in marked areas). Otherwise there will be no traffic signs in town. Although there is a clear separation between sidewalk and street, this can be seen as an early form of the shared space approach.

Regular events

  • On January 1st of each year the annual medal is minted in the ALTE MÜNZE museum - the only completely preserved historical minting workshop from the 18th century in Europe.
  • At the beginning of February every year, usually on the second Sunday of the month, the Winter Festival takes place at the Josephskreuz, the largest iron double cross in the world - a festival of games and fun in the snow for the whole family.
  • On Holy Saturday evening, a traditional Easter fire is lit on the fairground at the Knight's Gate.
  • The Great Walpurgis Festival at Josephskreuz on the Great Auerberg takes place on April 30th with a theater play, musicians, herb women, broom makers, witches and devils and a big fireworks display. Concerts at the Josephskreuz are also held on Ascension Day and on Pentecost Sunday.
  • On the weekend after the Ascension, the shooting festival of the Stolberger Schützengilde from 1421 with royal shooting and people's shooting and parade on Sunday morning.
  • On a weekend in mid-June, the museum festival takes place in the Alte Münze.
  • On the last weekend in June there is a shooting festival for the Stolberg archers on the fairground at the Rittertor, with shooting with the historical crossbow and flutter shooting for the children.
  • On the penultimate Sunday in July, a traditional forest festival is held at the Josephskreuz with Harz customs and folklore, specialties, musicians and traders.
  • The second weekend in August is followed by the Stolberger Lerchenfest, a historic town festival with traders, craftsmen, jugglers and musicians.
  • On the second weekend in September, the Europastadtfest invites you to celebrate with friends from Europe. Every year a different European city is invited, with which Stolberg has friendly connections. Specifically on the topic, cultural and culinary items from a European country, tourist information, special souvenir offers, etc. from the invited city and country are offered.
  • On October 3rd there will be a festive event on the Day of German Unity with the twin cities of Stolberg (Rhineland) and Hardegsen (Solling).
  • At the beginning of November the annual meeting of the Johann Gottfried Schnabel Society e. V. a literary-scientific society for research on the life and work of the important writer of the 18th century.
  • On the 1st of Advent there is an Advent concert in the St. Martini Church and a fairytale Advent in the streets of the city.
  • The Stolberg Christmas market opens in the historic Jägerhof on the 2nd or 3rd Advent.

Others

  • Hunrodeiche , over 1000-year-old oak, chest height 6.65 m (2015), directly east of the Stolberg district of Hainfeld

Personalities

Sons and daughters of the place

Thomas Müntzer memorial by KF Messerschmidt, 1989

People related to the place

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Saxony-Anhalt Viewer
  2. ↑ Ernst Pinder, The Provincial Law of the Royal Prussians formerly Königl. Saxon regions with the exclusion of Lausitz: together with evidence, reasons and comments : 2 parts., Leipzig: Leopold Voss, 1836, part 1: Containing provincial law, p. 418.
  3. ↑ Herbert Frost, Structural Problems of the Evangelical Church Constitution: Comparative Legal Studies on the Constitutional Law of the German Evangelical Regional Churches , Göttingen: Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht, 1972, p. 231. (At the same time: Cologne, Univ., Rechtswiss. Fac., Habil.-Schr. 1968).
  4. ↑ Cf. “Abolition of the order on the composition and powers of the Evangelical Lutheran Consistory and dissolution of the Evangelical Lutheran Consistory of Stolberg-Roßla”, in: Official Journal of the Federation of Protestant Churches in Central Germany , 1st year (No. 12, 15. December 2005), p. 345.
  5. ↑ Jürgen Möller: The fight for the Harz. April 1945 . Rockstuhl Verlag, Bad Langensalza 2011. S. 35/36. ISBN 978-3-86777-257-0
  6. ↑ Thilo Ziegler: Under the swastika. An outline of the history of the Sangerhausen district 1933–1945 . Starke Druck, Sondershausen 2004. p. 229
  7. ↑ Benno Prieß: Shot at dawn . Self-published, Calw 2002. Co-editor: State representative for the documents of the State Security Service of the GDR. ISBN 3-926802-36-7 . Pp. 134-146
  8. ↑ StBA: Area changes from January 01 to December 31, 2010
  9. ↑ Local constitution law of the state in the version of July 1, 2014
  10. ↑ Main Statute of January 1, 2017
  11. ↑ Magdeburg - Loburg and Berga-Kelbra - Stolberg are switched to bus NASA GmbH, September 19, 2011, accessed on November 26, 2011. ( Memento of the original from October 9, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.nasa.de

literature

  • Johann Arnold Zeitfuchs: Stolberg Church and City History. Frankfurt / M. 1717 ( digitized version )

Web links

Commons : Stolberg (Harz)  - album with pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Stolberg in the Topographia Superioris Saxoniae (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts