Stříbro
| Stříbro | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Historical part of the country : | Bohemia | ||||
| Region : | Plzeňský kraj | ||||
| District : | Tachov | ||||
| Area : | 4777.6408 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 45 ' N , 13 ° 0' E | ||||
| Height: | 399 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 7,680 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 349 01 | ||||
| License plate : | P | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Railway connection: | Plzeň – Cheb | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | city | ||||
| Districts: | 7th | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Karel Lukeš (as of 2018) | ||||
| Address: | Masarykovo náměstí 1 349 01 Stříbro |
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| Municipality number: | 561215 | ||||
| Website : | www.mustribro.cz | ||||
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Stříbro [ ˈstr̝̊iːbro ] (German: Mies ) is a town in the Tachov district in the Pilsen region in western Bohemia . The Czech place name Stříbro means silver and refers to the silver mining carried out here in the late Middle Ages.
geography
Geographical location
The old west Bohemian mountain town lies below the confluence of the Aulowa ( Úhlavka ) on the left bank of the Mies ( Mže ) river, about 25 km west of Pilsen .
City structure
The town of Stříbro consists of the districts and cadastral districts of Butov ( Wuttau ), Jezerce ( Geserzen ), Lhota u Stříbra ( Elhoten near Mies ), Milíkov ( Millikau ), Otročín ( Otrotschin ), Stříbro and Těchlovice ( Techlowitz ). Basic settlement units are Butov, Hůrka, Jeserce, K Máchovu údolí, Ke Kšicím, Ke svatému Petru, Lhota u Stříbra, Milíkov, Na rybníčkách, Na Vinici, Otročín, Petrský les, Sobíslavova-Větrná, Soběslavova-Větrná, Stříslavoved nádraží and U Těchlovic.
history
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In 1131 Duke Soběslav I, according to the chronicler Wenceslaus Hajek von Libotschan , which can also be found in Matthäus Merian and Johann Baptist von Foresti , left the fortified city of Mies on the western border of Bohemia against the incursions of the Germans at the place where the village of Miesa lay. In 1183 Duke Friedrich and his wife Elisabeth founded the first parish church in Mies and granted the Maltese parish rights. In 1243 Wenceslas I transferred the Commandery of the Knights of the Cross with the Red Star and the hospital from Kladrau to Mies. It was also Wenceslaus I who elevated the important mining town on the Golden Road between Prague and Nuremberg to a royal town between 1240 and 1250.
Ottokar II confirmed the coming in 1253 and rightly conceded it to Gut Pittlau. In the same year, the Lords of Schwanberg founded the Minorite monastery in Mies with four priests and a lay brother. In 1257, the Prague Bishop Nikolaus von Rosenberg confirmed the Commandery of the Cross and granted the order parish rights in Mies. By resolution of the General Chapter in Mainz , the Magdalenerinnen monastery in Mies was closed in 1282 .
In the 14th century, the Czech name Stříbro (German: silver) was first used for the city. On September 30, 1350, the state parliament stipulated that Charles I was allowed to pledge Mies and other cities in urgent need. The emperor made use of this right in 1370 and pledged Mies to the Count Palatine Johann.
The oldest work of art in the city is the baptismal font from 1408. During the Hussite Wars, Mies initially did not join the Hussites; in 1421 the city was besieged by Jan Žižka in vain . It was not until 1427 that the Hussite leader Přibík z Klenové managed to conquer the city. In the same year it was besieged by the troops of the first crusade directed against the Hussites, but in the battle of Mies the Hussite army under Prokop the Bald drove the attackers out.
In 1469 Mies received a new city coat of arms from King Georg von Podiebrad as an award for demonstrated bravery and loyalty . On October 1st, 1479, a great fire destroyed the whole city. Only the brewery, which was built outside the city wall and where the famous Mieser white beer was produced, has been preserved. In 1494 the first bell , the "Peter Bell", was cast. Two more city fires broke out in 1508 and 1528.
In 1541 the Reformation was introduced in Mies . The Bohemian and Roman-German King Ferdinand I had the dilapidated silver mines reopened in 1554 and appointed a royal miner, making Mies a mining town . In 1565 the construction of the dean's church and the city tower began. In 1568 the Jews had to leave the city because they were forbidden to stay in any of the mining towns by a royal mandate because of the deportation of the mining products.
In 1620 the Counter-Reformation took place in Mies, and the city lost its right of patronage. The city, which was largely inhabited by Czechs until the end of the 16th century, was gradually Germanized, especially by immigrants who revived silver mining. Many residents of the city died in a plague epidemic in 1632.
In 1682 the city council called the teacher Johann Georg Kraus from Auscha to Mies because he was able to speak German. In 1710 the plague broke out again. In 1771 there was a great famine because the winter lasted until the end of May in the previous year. This resulted in an increase in the price of crops, as hardly any harvests could be brought in. Thousands of rural and urban populations died of starvation. Since the local pharmacy became unnecessary after the abolition of the Benedictine monastery in Kladrau in 1785, the Kladrau pharmacist Johann Fischer was commissioned to move his pharmacy to Mies in 1796. In 1795 Anna Schödl was born in Mies , who, unmarried, devoted herself to the poor in the city. She died in 1870. An alley is named after her.
1816 was again a year in which the people had to endure a rise in prices, since in the year without a summer the harvests were very poor. In contrast, a rich harvest was brought in in 1817, which made the citizens prosperous. In 1832 and 1836 more than 130 people died in Mies of Asian nausea or cholera within a few weeks. 1846 was another bad harvest year , which meant that the population had to experience another rise in prices the following year. As a result, unrest and uprisings spread among the poorer population. In 1853, 16 families with 58 souls began to emigrate to America because they saw themselves as followers of the new religious community of the New Jerusalemites, also known as the Johannes Brothers or Swedenborgians , and did not want to submit to any ecclesiastical authority.
As early as 1867 it was decided that a railway line from Pilsen to Eger should lead via the town of Mies. The construction created many new jobs for the population and the city and the opening of the company took place on January 28, 1872.
In 1900 Mies had 3,905 inhabitants, of which 3,828 were German and 44 (1%) Czech-speaking. According to the 1930 census, Mies had 5349 inhabitants, 581 (11%) of them Czech.
After the First World War , the newly created Czechoslovakia claimed the German-speaking areas of Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia for itself, although their residents pleaded for German Austria (later Austria ) to remain . By the Treaty of Saint-Germain (1919) Mies was added to Czechoslovakia in 1919.
Measures in the interwar period, such as the land reform in 1919, the 1926 language ordinance, the resettlement and replacement of civil servants' posts by people from the Czech ethnic group, led to tensions in Mies, but also in the country in general, and to the so-called Sudeten crisis .
According to the Munich Agreement , in which the annexation of the Sudetenland to the German Reich was agreed, Mies belonged from 1938 to 1945 to the district of Mies , administrative district of Eger , in the Reichsgau Sudetenland .
- Expulsion of the German residents
After the Second World War , Mies came back to the newly founded Czechoslovakia and the German-speaking population of Mies was expelled . Her property confiscated by the Beneš decree 108 and expropriated by the Catholic Church in the communist era . The Czech Republic made no compensation for the confiscated assets.
Since then the city has been inhabited almost exclusively by Czechs.
Population development
Until 1945 Mies was mostly populated by German Bohemia , which were expelled.
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1785 | k. A. | 282 houses, with the suburb and three suburbs |
| 1651 | about 800 | |
| 1750 | 2,094 | |
| 1763 | 2,863 | |
| 1788 | approx. 1,500 | |
| 1830 | 2,982 | in 406 houses |
| 1835 | 3.165 | in 410 houses |
| 1837 | 3,153 | including the villages 4,589, all Catholic residents |
| 1849 | 3,579 | |
| 1857 | 3,593 | on October 31st |
| 1900 | 3,905 | German residents |
| 1910 | 4,570 | |
| 1921 | 4,890 | including 4227 German residents |
| 1930 | 5,349 | including 581 Czechs |
| 1939 | 5,662 |
| year | 1970 | 1980 | 1991 | 2001 | 2003 | 2010 | 2015 | 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 6,566 | 6,868 | 7,764 | 7,781 | 7,689 | 7,965 | 7,746 | 7,705 |
politics
coat of arms
Mies originally had a very simple coat of arms , a red shield with a white (silver) lily . It is believed that it was bestowed on the city under the Luxembourgers . In 1469 a golden lily was embossed in the open gate and in blue a crenellated silver city wall with an open gate and open black gate wings with golden fittings. Behind the wall there are two square, silver towers with battlements , red hipped roofs and gold helmet buttons. Between the towers, the silver Bohemian double-tailed lion is supposed to symbolize the bravery of the lousy citizens. Two miners in hard suits hold the shield. The coat of arms was attached to the bridge tower in 1555.
Town twinning
Stříbro has twinned cities with the following cities:
- Vohenstrauss (Germany)
- Berchtesgaden (Germany)
- Dinkelsbühl (Germany)
- Fano (Italy)
- Dienten (Austria)
Culture and sights
Museums
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- Open-air mining museum with the Prokop-Stollen mine, east of the city center in the Mies valley
Buildings
- Market square with the graffiti-decorated town hall from 1543 and the baroque plague column from 1725 with a statue of Mary and various plague and state saints
- All Saints Church in the shape of 1754/57
- Bridge tower from 1555, a remnant of the former city wall
- Way of the Cross on the Kreuzberg east of the city, restored in 2013.
Green spaces and recreation
- Stříbrské vodopády at the city stream ( Stříbrský potok ). The upper waterfall ⊙ is located in the park northeast of the city center, where the creek falls from a height of 2.3 meters into a pool . 100 meters below, just before the stream flows into the Mies, are the lower waterfalls ⊙ . There the stream falls in a rocky gorge over a cascade in four steps, of which the top two each overcome two meters in altitude, a total of six meters down.
Personalities
- Jakobellus von Mies (1372–1429), Czech priest and writer
- Jakob von Mies ( Jakub ze Stříbra "Holub" ; Jacobus de Strziebro or Strziebrensis ; † 1499), 1494–1496 rector of Charles University; 1497–1499 utraquist administrator
- Vinzenz Hauschka (1766–1840), composer
- Ernst Streeruwitz (1874–1952), Federal Chancellor of Austria
- Rudolf Haas (1877–1943), writer
- Josef Hanika (1900–1963), professor of folklore at the Universities of Prague and Munich
literature
- Karl Storch (Ed.): Legends of the district of Mies . Self-published. 1958.
- Karl Storch (Hrsg.): Customs and popular belief in the district of Mies . Self-published. 1967.
- Karl Ludwig Watzka: The royal city of Mies. A memorial book based on credible sources . 2nd edition, Prague 1839 ( e-copy )
- Karl Watzka: Excerpts from the chronicle of the city of Mies . Self-published by the home district of Mies. 1957.
- Karl Czech, Johanna Czech: City of Mies in old views - A book in memory of the old mountain town of Mies. Self-published. 2000.
- Jan Šícha, Eva Habel, Peter Liebald, Gudrun Heissig: Odsun. The expulsion of the Sudeten Germans. Documentation on the causes, planning and realization of an "ethnic cleansing" in the middle of Europe in 1945/46. Sudeten German Archive, Munich 1995, ISBN 3-930626-08-X .
Footnotes
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/561215/Stribro
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/561215/Obec-Stribro
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/561215/Obec-Stribro
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/zsj-obec/561215/Obec-Stribro
- ^ Rudolf Hemmerle : Sudetenland Lexikon Volume 4, page 295. Adam Kraft Verlag, 1985. ISBN 3-8083-1163-0 .
- ^ Alfred Schickel : The Peace Treaty of Versailles . Federal Agency for Political Education, Bonn 1969.
- ↑ J.Voženilek: Land reform of the Czechoslovak Republic, Prague. Bohm61
- ↑ http://ome-lexikon.uni-oldenburg.de/begriffe/bodenreformen/
- ↑ O. Kimminich: The assessment of the Munich Agreement in the Prague Treaty and in the literature on international law published on it , Munich 1988
- ↑ Jaroslaus Schaller : Topography of the Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 9: Pilsner Kreis , Prague 1788, pp. 133-138 .
- ↑ Yearbooks of the Bohemian Museum of Natural and Regional Studies, History, Art and Literature . Volume 2, Prague 1831, p. 202, point 2).
- ^ Karl Ludwig Watzka: The royal city of Mies. A memorial book based on credible sources . 2nd edition, Prague 1839, p. 5.
- ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 6: Pilsner Kreis , Prague 1838, p. 132.
- ↑ Statistical overviews of the population and livestock in Austria . Vienna 1859, p. 40, right column .
- ^ Meyer's Large Conversational Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 13, Leipzig and Vienna 1908, p. 766 .
- ^ Sudetenland Genealogy Network
- ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to reunification in 1990. Mies district (Czech Stríbro). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ http://www.czso.cz Czeski Urząd Statystyczny
- ↑ Website of the Městský úřad Stříbro: Partnerská města
- ↑ Stříbrské vodopády on vodopady.info
