Șandra (Timiș)

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Șandra
Alexanderhausen
Sándorháza
Șandra (Timiș) does not have a coat of arms
Șandra (Timiș) (Romania)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : RomaniaRomania Romania
Historical region : Banat
Circle : Timiș
Municipality : no
Coordinates : 45 ° 56 '  N , 20 ° 53'  E Coordinates: 45 ° 55 '30 "  N , 20 ° 53' 25"  E
Time zone : EET ( UTC +2)
Height : 94  m
Area : 43.69  km²
Residents : 2,882 (October 20, 2011)
Population density : 66 inhabitants per km²
Postal code : 307065
Telephone code : (+40) 02 56
License plate : TM
Structure and administration (as of 2016)
Community type : local community
Structure : Șandra, Uihei
Mayor : Luchian Savu ( PNL )
Postal address : Str. Principală, no. 6
loc. Șandra, jud. Timiș, RO-307065
Website :
Location of Gemeindeandra municipality in Timiș County
Alexanderhausen Church

Șandra ( German  Alexanderhausen , Hungarian Sándorháza ) is located in the Timiș district , in the Banat region , in southwest Romania , 35 km northwest of Timișoara ( Timisoara ), halfway between Timișoara and Sânnicolau Mare .

Neighboring places

Lovrin Periam Variaș
Bulgăruș Neighboring communities Satchinez
Lenauheim Iecea Mare Biled

Place name

On January 1, 1833, a settlement contract was signed between the landlords and the future settlers and ratified in Pressburg by the bishop of the Agramer diocese Alexander Alagovich , after whom the village was named when the settlement was Alexandria or Sàndorhàsza . After part of the Banat was allocated to Romania in 1920 , the place was given the Romanian name Șandra . In the Alexanderhausen dialect, the place is called Schanderhaas .

Village planning

The strictly square and symmetrical town plan is characteristic of Alexanderhausen. The so-called Rondell is located in the center of the village . The landmark of Alexanderhausen is the double-towered church in the roundabout, with the eternal light as the center of the roundabout and the village. The houses around the roundabout are laid out in a circle. The roundabout itself consists of four quarters. There is a small chapel in each quarter . A war memorial was erected in the roundabout to commemorate the 62 victims of the First World War . The monument was inaugurated on the occasion of the centenary of the Alexanderhausen community on June 4, 1933. The other three quarters of the circle are planted with trees. The "Freedom Monument" once stood in one of the quarters. On a mound of earth stood a marble column about 3 m high, on it an eagle with outstretched wings. The monument was intended to commemorate the revolution of 1848/49 . This monument was demolished in 1944 by a decree of the Romanian government. The two cemeteries with their cemetery chapels and the wayside crosses outside the village are laid out exactly symmetrically to the center of the village, as were the two horse mills in the village.

history

In 1833 140 families were settled, about 700 people. They came from: Bogarosch , Lenauheim , Grabatz , Triebswetter , Nero , Billed , Wiseschdia , Nitzkydorf , Großjetscha , Tschanad , Gottlob , Lovrin , Kleinjetscha , Groß-Sankt-Nikolaus and Warjasch . In 1842 there were already 1,231 Germans and 16 Serbs and Romanians living in Alexanderhausen. In 1852 another 59 smallhouses were settled from the surrounding villages. The war memorial was inaugurated on the occasion of the centenary of the Alexanderhausen community on June 4, 1933.

Alexanderhausen had to mourn 62 of 170 soldiers killed in the First World War. On June 4, 1920, the Banat was divided into three parts as a result of the Treaty of Trianon . The largest, eastern part, to which Alexanderhausen also belonged, fell to Romania. In 1923 Alexanderhausen received the official name Șandra.

In 1941 Romania entered the war on the side of Germany. In 1943 the intergovernmental agreement on the inclusion of Romanian citizens of German nationality in the German armed forces was concluded. Alexanderhausen suffered 61 casualties from a total of 200 soldiers in World War II . In 1944 Romania changed sides. Of the 170 Alexanderhausen residents who were deported to the Soviet Union for forced labor in January 1945 , 29 died during the deportation. As a result of the Land Reform Act of 1945, the Germans were expropriated . Another consequence of the war was the deportation of Germans from the border area with Yugoslavia to the Bărăgan steppe. This deportation began on the night of June 17-18, 1951. 17 families were deported from Alexanderhausen.

In 1945 there were 464 houses in the village. On June 1, 1968, Alexanderhausen was incorporated into Biled. In 2004 Șandra received the status of a community again.

economy

By signing the settlement contract, the settlers were leased to the manor. From this they got 30 yoke fields and a house space for full use for life. The settlers had to offer the manor a lot of great consideration for the fields and house spaces they had left. After years of efforts by the German settlers, they were released from the obligations of the settlement contract on July 17, 1868. It is the settlement settlement signed by Bishop Georg Haulik . The Alexanderhausen community was therefore free, albeit against a very large settlement sum.

In 1890, the first steam threshing company was founded in Alexanderhausen. In 1894 Alexanderhausen received a rail connection on the Timisoara - Tschanad line . The farmers' association was founded in 1898. As a result of the Land Reform Act of 1945, the collective farm was founded in 1949 . The nationalization law of June 11, 1948 , which provided for the nationalization of all industrial and commercial enterprises, banks and insurance companies, resulted in the expropriation of all commercial enterprises.

In 1955 the village was electrified by a generator in the power mill owned by Georg Burian and Magdalena Graf. In 1968, oil was discovered in the Șandra area, which created additional jobs. In 1974 the drinking water wells were replaced by a water pipe .

Cultural life

There was a long musical tradition in Alexanderhausen. The men's choir was founded in 1891 and the mixed choir in 1938. Even before the First World War there was a brass band under the direction of Nikolaus Hummel. He was followed by the conductor Jakob Henzl. After 1944/45, Kapellmeister Josef Lammert continued this tradition and later also directed a boys' band. In addition to the brass band, there was also the Klein family's string music orchestra in Alexanderhausen. Adam Lefort, one of Klein's students, led a school children's band with great success. In 1950 a new string music orchestra was founded and played under the direction of Josef Ihm, who also played in the brass band . The brass band was later led by Ewald Stefan, Norbert Pinczes and Horst Lesch, and Werner Simone was the last to lead the brass band.

As a result of the cultural activities of the teachers in Alexanderhausen, amateur play groups , a choir and a folk dance group were founded. The folk dance group led by teacher Margarete Grawisch even won a competition for the Banat folk dance groups.

The sport has always been popular in Alexanderhausen. In the past, billiards and occasionally chess were played in the village inns. In the summer months, apart from dodgeball , football was also played. The cup games took place once a year. In 1936 a handball team was founded. In 1933 there was already a soccer team. From 1950 even championship games were played. In the same year the handball team took part in the championship of Timiș County. In 1965 the new culture house was completed.

Demographics

Ethnic group 1930 Percentages
Romanians 132 7.12%
Hungary - -
German 1722 92.89%
Other - -
total 1854 100%
Ethnic group 1977 Percentages
Romanians 1394 63.66%
Hungary 51 2.33%
German 710 32.43%
Other 35 1.60%
total 2190 100%
Ethnic group 1992 Percentages
Romanians 2014 94.16%
Hungary 27 1.27%
German 84 3.93%
Other 14th 0.66%
total 2139 100%

Timetable

  • 1833 - Foundation of Alexanderhausen by the settlement of 140 families from the surrounding villages: Bogarosch, Grabatz, Lenauheim, Billed, Warjasch. Alexanderhausen belongs to the Torontal County.
  • 1836 - Founding of the parish and construction of the baroque double-towered parish church, the landmark of Alexanderhausen.
  • 1842 - There are 1231 Germans and 16 Serbs and Romanians living in the village
  • 1848 - the beginning of the bourgeois revolution. The Banat is also affected by the turmoil of the revolution.
  • 1849 - The Banat becomes the Austrian crown land again.
  • 1852 - Another 59 smallholders are settled from the surrounding villages.
  • 1860 - The "balance" within the dual monarchy. The Banat falls again to Hungary.
  • 1890 - Foundation of the steam threshing company.
  • 1894 - Alexanderhausen receives a rail connection over the Timisoara-Tschanad line.
  • 1898 - Foundation of the farmers' association.
  • 1913 - Even before the First World War, a brass band consisted of 10 men under the direction of Nikolaus Hummel.
  • 1914 to 1918 - First World War. Alexanderhausen mourns 62 dead out of a total of 170 soldiers.
  • 1916 - Romania's entry into the war on the side of the Allies.
  • 1918 - collapse of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. Proclamation of the Banat Autonomous Republic.
  • 1919 - Romania signs the minority protection.
  • 1920 - The Trianon peace treaty results in the Banat being divided into three: Alexanderhausen falls to Romania.
  • 1923 - The bicentenary of the settlement of the Germans in the Banat is celebrated on September 28, 1923 in Timisoara.
  • 1929 - Foundation of the volunteer fire brigade in Alexanderhausen.
  • 1933 - inauguration of the war memorial; Foundation of the football club in Alexanderhausen.
  • 1936 - Foundation of the Alexanderhausen handball club.
  • 1939 - outbreak of the Second World War.
  • 1941 - Romania enters the war on the side of the German Reich
  • 1943 - Intergovernmental agreement on the classification of Romanian citizens of German membership in the German armed forces. Alexanderhausen provides 200 soldiers, 61 of which do not return.
  • 1944 - Romania changed sides; many flee.
  • 1945 - All German women and men of working age are deported to labor camps in Russia; 29 of the 170 deportees died in the camp.
  • 1945 - Land Reform Act; Expropriation of the Germans.
  • 1948 - Kapellmeister Josef Lammert directed the brass band and a boys' band. In addition to the brass band, Alexanderhausen owned string music in the form of a family tradition of the Klein family.
  • 1949 - establishment of the collective farm.
  • 1951 - forced evacuation to the Baragan steppe; 17 families from Alexanderhausen are abducted.
  • 1955 - The first Baragan deportees return home and get their houses back.
  • 1955 - Electrification of the village through a generator in the power mill of Georg Burian and Magdalena Graf.
  • 1965 - Construction of the new cultural center in Alexanderhausen.
  • 1967 - The Federal Republic of Germany establishes diplomatic relations with Bucharest; the beginning of the wave of emigration to Germany.
  • 1968 - Oil is discovered in the area of ​​Alexanderhausen.
  • 1974 - The drinking water wells are replaced by the water pipe.
  • 1989 - The revolution in Romania.

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Șandra  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ 2011 census in Romania at citypopulation.de
  2. ↑ Mayoral elections 2016 in Romania ( MS Excel ; 256 kB)
  3. ↑ a b c d Elke Hoffmann, Peter Dietmar Leber , Walter Wolf : The Banat and the Banat Swabians, Volume 5: Cities and Villages. Munich 2011, ISBN 3-922979-63-7
  4. ↑ Information from the Romanian Parliament , accessed on September 9, 2018 (Romanian).