Capalbio

Capalbio
Country	Italy
region	Tuscany
province	Grosseto  (GR)
Coordinates	42 ° 27 '  N , 11 ° 25'  E Coordinates: 42 ° 27 '15 "  N , 11 ° 25' 15"  E
height	217  m slm
surface	108.6 km²
Residents	3,994 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density	37 inhabitants / km²
Post Code	58011
prefix	0564
ISTAT number	053003
Popular name	Capalbiesi
Patron saint	San Bernardino (May 20th)
Website	Capalbio municipality
Panorama of Capalbio

Capalbio is a municipality with 3994 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2019) in the Italian province of Grosseto , region of Toscana .

geography

Location of Capalbio in the province of Grosseto

The community extends over around 109  km² . It is located about 45 km southeast of the provincial capital Grosseto , about 150 km south of the regional capital Florence and 6 kilometers from the Tyrrhenian Sea . Rome is about 108 km southeast. Capalbio is part of the Maremma landscape and borders the Lazio region . The place is located between the Albegna and Fiora rivers , but none of them touch the municipal area.

The districts (frazioni) include Borgo Carige (21 m, approx. 230 inhabitants), Capalbio Scalo (8 m, approx. 450 inhabitants), Chiarone Scalo (5 m, approx. 20 inhabitants), Giardino (12 m, approx. 15 inhabitants), La Torba (7 m, approx. 200 inhabitants), Pescia Fiorentina (75 m, approx. 40 inhabitants) and Selva Nera (11 m, approx. 20 inhabitants).

The neighboring municipalities are Manciano , Montalto di Castro ( VT ) and Orbetello .

history

Porta Senese main gate of Capalbio

The fortified settlement was part of a donation in 805 from Charlemagne to the Tre Fontane monastery in Rome. This was from the Sienese Pope Alexander III. Confirmed in 1161. Shortly thereafter, the place came to the family of the Counts Aldobrandeschi , who ruled until the 13th century. First it belonged to the family line of the Aldobrandeschi of Santa Fiora , then from 1272 that of Sovana - Pitigliano . From 1312 to 1318 Capalbio was under the city of Orvieto , then the Orsini as heirs of the Aldobrandeschi. The Republic of Siena took over the rule from 1416. After the Sienese defeat in 1555 against Duke Cosimo I of Florence, Capalbio became part of the Duchy of Tuscany , which from 1569 was Grand Duchy. In this the place was initially subordinated to Sovana, then from 1579 Saturnia . From 1842 it belonged to Orbetello, from 1873 to Manciano. Capalbio has been an independent municipality again since 1960.

Attractions

• The historic town center is surrounded by a walkable wall ring, on which several restaurants can be found in summer. The core of the community is well preserved.
• Capalbio gained greater fame through the construction of the " Giardino dei Tarocchi ", an art park that was designed and implemented by the French-American artist Niki de Saint Phalle and with which, in her own words, she fulfilled a lifelong dream. The park is located between the hamlets of Borgo Carige and Pescia Fiorentina.
• The church Chiesa di San Nicola was built in the 12th century and greatly modified and enlarged in 1466. The 15th century frescoes were not rediscovered until 1936 and restored by Cesare Vagarini. Among the frescoes are a San Sebastiano Martire and a Madonna col Bambino by an unknown artist from Umbria . The church also contains the painting San Nicola di Bari by Pietro Aldi from 1884.
• Oratorio della Provvidenza , an oratory just outside the city walls. It was built as a chapel and was significantly enlarged in 1792. The reconstruction also created the high altar, which was decorated with the painting Madonna della Provvidenza by Pietro Calderoni. Other works of art are frescoes from the beginning of the 16th century, probably by Antonio del Massaro (called Il Pastura ) and showing the Madonna in trono ei Santi San Gerolamo e Sigismondo and the Santi Cosma e Damiano .
• Cappella della Nunziatella , a chapel near Torba.
• The Rocca Aldobrandesca , also called Palazzo Collacchioni , was built as a castle by the Aldobrandeschi in the 13th century .
• The first medieval city ​​wall was expanded by the Aldobrandeschi in the 11th and 12th centuries. The Sienese enlarged it again at the beginning of the 15th century.
• Torre di Buranaccio , a watchtower on Lake Burano. It was built by the Spaniards in the second half of the 16th century at the time of the Stato dei Presidi .
• Castello di Capalbiaccio , a ruined castle, 1400 m northeast of Lake San Floriano, also called Altricosto or Tricosto . In the 12th century, the fortification belonged to the Roman monastery Tre Fontane and then to the Aldobrandeschi. In 1416 the Republic of Siena captured the castle and destroyed it a year later.
• Palazzo del Chiarone , also called Palazzo Boncompagni and Dogana pontificia del Chiarone . The building on Via Aurelia dates back to the 16th century and is located on the Chiarone River on the border with Lazio. It once served as a border station between the Grand Duchy of Toscana and the Papal States .

nature

A characteristic feature of the parts of the municipality are the many areas used for agriculture, most of which are nature reserves. In the municipality are the elongated Lago di Burano , which has been a nature reserve since 1980 , as well as the smaller lakes Lago di San Floriano , Lago Acquato , Lago di Marruchetone and the biotope Biotopo dei Lagaccioli . A well-known wine-growing region in the Capalbio area is called Monteverro .

traffic

• The place is with the train station Capalbio (Capalbio Scalo) on the railway line Pisa-Rome . The Chiarone (Chiarone Scalo) station just before the regional border with Lazio is the last train station in Tuscany. Now closed for rail traffic, it is only served by buses.
• The ancient Via Aurelia and its modern new building, Strada Statale 1 Via Aurelia, run in the southern municipal area .

Viticulture

Under the name Capalbio DOC are red , rosé and white wines and Vin Santo markets which are grown in the community and vinified were. Production under this name is also permitted in the neighboring municipalities of Manciano , Magliano and Orbetello . Blended wines (red, white, rosé) as well as almost single-variety wines (Vermentino, Sangiovese, Cabernet Sauvignon with 85% each) are produced.

literature

• Giuseppe Guerrini / Amministrazione Provinciale di Grosseto: Torri e Castelli della provincia di Grosseto. Nuova Immagine Edizioni, Siena 1999, ISBN 88-7145-154-6 .
• Nicoletta Maioli / Cristina Gnoni Mavarelli: Capalbio. In: Bruno Santi: Guida Storico-Artistica alla Maremma. Nuova Immagine Edizioni, Siena 1995, ISBN 88-7145-093-0 .
• Emanuele Repetti: CAPALBIO (Caput album o Campus albus) nella Valle della Fiora. In Dizionario Geografico Fisico Storico della Toscana (1833–1846), online edition of the University of Siena (pdf, ital.)
• Touring Club Italiano : Toscana. Milan 2003, ISBN 88-365-2767-1 , p. 875.

Web links

Commons : Capalbio  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Official homepage of the municipality
• History of the city ( Memento of March 8, 2012 in the Internet Archive )

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Statistiche demografiche ISTAT. Monthly population statistics of the Istituto Nazionale di Statistica , as of December 31 of 2019.
2. ↑ Official website of ISTAT ( Istituto Nazionale di Statistica ) on the districts and population figures 2001 in the province of Grosseto, accessed on April 8, 2014 (Italian)
3. ^ ^{A b} Nicoletta Maioli / Cristina Gnoni Mavarelli: Capalbio. In: Bruno Santi: Guida Storico-Artistica alla Maremma.
4. ↑ ^{a b} Cristina Gnoni Mavarelli (ed.): Le Colline del Fiora e dell'Albegna e la Costa maremmana. Arnoldo Mondadori Editore , Milan 1999, ISBN 88-04-46775-4
5. ↑ ^{a b} Giuseppe Guerrini / Amministrazione Provinciale di Grosseto: Torri e Castelli della provincia di Grosseto.
6. ↑ Disciplinare di Produzione (production regulations and description). (PDF) wineacts.it, accessed on July 24, 2020 (Italian, I vini italiani a Dop ea Igp ).