Glan (Nahe)
| Glan | ||
![Catchment area and river course [1]](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Pfaelzerwaldkarte_Flussgebiete_Glan.png) Catchment area and river course |
||
| Data | ||
| Water code | EN : 2546 | |
| location | Germany | |
| River system | Rhine | |
| Drain over | Nahe → Rhine → North Sea | |
| source | at height 49 ° 23 '29 " N , 7 ° 16' 33" E |
|
| Source height | approx. 480 m above sea level NHN | |
| muzzle | after flowing through Odernheim below Staudernheim from the right to the Nahe coordinates: 49 ° 46 '34 " N , 7 ° 42' 52" E 49 ° 46 '34 " N , 7 ° 42' 52" E |
|
| Mouth height | approx. 131 m above sea level NHN | |
| Height difference | approx. 349 m | |
| Bottom slope | approx. 3.9 ‰ | |
| length | 89.7 km | |
| Catchment area | 1,221.976 km² | |
| Discharge at the gauge Odenbach A Eo : 1088 km² Location: 14.5 km above the mouth |
NNQ (Sep. 04, 1964) MNQ 1956–2013 MQ 1956–2013 Mq 1956–2013 MHQ 1956–2013 HHQ (Dec. 21, 1993) |
650 l / s 2.15 m³ / s 9.61 m³ / s 8.8 l / (s km²) 127 m³ / s 332 m³ / s |
| Discharge at the mouth of the A Eo : 1222 km² |
MQ Mq |
10.07 m³ / s 8.2 l / (s km²) |
| Left tributaries | Kohlbach , Ohmbach , Kuselbach , Steinalp , Jeckenbach | |
| Right tributaries | Mohrbach , Reichenbach , Talbach , ( Forest ) -Lauter , Odenbach , | |
| Small towns | Bexbach , Lauterecken , Meisenheim | |
 The Glan spring in Höchen |
||
 Upper Glantal between Elschbach and Gries |
||
 Bridge over the Glan in Meisenheim |
||
 Nature reserve in the estuary area |
||
The Glan is a 90 km long river in Saarland and Rhineland-Palatinate . With an average discharge of 10 m³ / s it is the strongest tributary of the Nahe ; it drains most of the landscape to the right (south) of it. In its catchment area of 1201 km², numerous watercourses flow to it, especially from the North Palatinate Uplands from the south and west.
The source of the Glans lies in the Saarland, but it flows for 68 km - first in the North Palatinate Uplands and then along its northwestern edge - through the northwest of the Palatinate , whose longest river it is. The mouth part runs in the natural space unit of the Glan-Alsenz mountain and hill country.
Surname
The name "Glan" comes from the Celtic and probably means "bright, clear, shiny, flowing"; in addition, "Glan" was part of the name of the Celtic water god Glanos. Other rivers with this name are feminine in grammatical gender, this river only occasionally: In a book from 1719 it is called "the Glan".
geography
course
The Glan rises at 480 m above sea level. NHN on the Höcherberg in the Höchen district of the Saar-Palatinate city of Bexbach . After around 2 km it leaves the Saarland and reaches Rhineland-Palatinate soil near Waldmohr .
In the Palatinate, the Glan flows through Bruchmühlbach-Miesau , where the Kohlbach coming from Schönenberg-Kübelberg joins from the left , and then at Elschbach also joins the Ohmbach from the left . Then he turns in a distinctive double loop near Gries in the North Palatinate Bergland. It crosses this from south to north, passing Nanzdietschweiler , Glan-Münchweiler , Altenglan and Ulmet . There the direction of travel changes to the northeast. The Glan flows through Offenbach-Hundheim and Lauterecken , where the Lauter (“Waldlauter”) coming from the south joins from the right . Also from the right, the Glan takes on the stream of the same name 6 km further near Odenbach .
After entering the Hunsrück-Nahe region, the Glan flows through the small town of Meisenheim , before flowing into the Nahe from the right below Odernheim at 131 m above sea level, a left tributary of the Rhine .
Tributaries
Diagram of the tributaries longer than 10 km
history
An old trade route used to run along the Glans from the southwest into the Nahe valley, which ended in Bingen . In addition, the Glan formed in the 1st millennium BC The southeastern border of the Hunsrück-Eifel culture ; back then, Celts settled here . The Romans later left their mark.
From 1890, the Glantalbahn was built as a strategic line to be able to move troops to the front with a possible war opponent France . The line has been closed in parts since the 1960s and has only been operated between Glan-Münchweiler and Altenglan since 1986.
From 1834 (in the area of the Principality of Lichtenberg ) and from 1866 (in the area of the Oberamt Meisenheim ) to 1945 the border between the Bavarian Rhine Palatinate and the Prussian Rhine Province ran in the Glan section of Niederalben- Odernheim . Because it was not the watercourse that formed the border, but the village markings were decisive, the river was crossed several times by the border, so that the villages alternately belonged to Prussia and Bavaria. The border between the districts of Birkenfeld and Bad Kreuznach in the administrative district of Koblenz on the one hand and Kusel and Rockenhausen in the administrative district of Palatinate on the other hand was identical to the old state border until the regional reform in 1969 ; Today it still applies to the Palatinate and Rhenish Protestant churches as well as to the Catholic dioceses of Speyer and Trier .
nature and environment
natural reserve
.jpg)
The Glan has been used intensively since Roman times. Above all, numerous water mills and engines (e.g. hammer mills ) used his water power; for this purpose weirs were built and canals were drawn. Although the mill era has long since come to an end, 93 transverse structures have remained . They are still necessary as flood protection because agriculture in the 20th century straightened the water, which was accompanied by a sharp decrease in flood plains . The inventory of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate for the European Water Framework Directive therefore classifies the Glan as HMWB (“Heavily Modified WaterBody”), as a “significantly modified body of water”.
To the disabilities of the fish migration to reduce the paths are now in the renaturation increased weirs eliminated or at least fish ladders transformed. Straightening is being dismantled and banks are being returned to nature. So rebound and sliding slopes form on the meanders that have flowed through again , and steep banks with nesting opportunities cause the kingfisher to return . Also calopterygidae , especially the Beautiful Demoiselle be observed again.
In the Gumbsweiler district of St. Julian , the Association for the Environment and Nature Conservation Germany (BUND) has converted the old gatekeeper house next to the draisine route into a small nature conservation center that is open to the public on special occasions.
flora
In his pastures of the growing loosestrife , the rush , the Yellow Iris , the butterbur , the swan flower , the meadowsweet , the cotton grass , the marsh marigold , the Myosotis scorpioides and various reeds species.
fauna
In the waters of the glans come roaches and feathers , perch , catfish , pike , chub , bream , barbel , crucian carp , tench , eels , brook trout , perch , brown trout and rainbow trout as well as mirror , wild , scaly , grass and Leather carp . More River residents are the gudgeon , the stickleback , the moderlieschen , the bitterling , the hazel , the tailor , the minnow and the bleak and the Kaul- and bluegill . Occasionally the aland , the bream , the nose , the grayling , the sable and the dwarf catfish occur. Also, crayfish and mussels live in the river.
Its banks are inhabited by the dipper , the coot , the gray heron , the mallard and the mute swan .
On the lower reaches of the Glan the ground bug , the caddis fly and the mayfly occur.
Economy and Infrastructure
Tourism and sightseeing
Tours
Some parts of the Glan can be traveled by canoes , and local landlords offer tours for this purpose. The old, now mostly single-track route of the Glantalbahn runs along a considerable stretch of the river; the section from Altenglan to Staudernheim is approved for trolley tours. The Glan-Blies-Weg accompanies the Glan as a cycle path from its mouth to the source and continues into the Aue of the Blies .
wildlife Park
Above the confluence of the Reichenbach rises the massif of 562 m above sea level. NHN high Potzberg with wildlife park and observation tower .
Historical old city
The historic old town of Meisenheim is worth seeing with numerous listed buildings, including the castle church , the former synagogue , the town hall and the train station , as well as the remains of the city wall with the town tower .
Monastery ruin
On the hill above the confluence of the Nahe and Glan rivers are the ruins of the Disibodenberg monastery . Its oldest buildings were erected in the early 8th century in honor of the monk Disibod , who died there in 700 as a hermit .
Bald eagles in the Potzberg Wildlife Park
Old town of Meisenheim
Meisenheim, organ of the castle church
Disibodenberg Monastery
Viticulture
Until after the Second World War , wine was widely grown on the steep slopes of the middle and lower Glan . In 1925, when the representatives of the Nahe and Glan winegrowers merged to form the winegrowers' association for Nahe and Glan , there were around 400 - mostly smaller - wine-growing businesses between Offenbach-Hundheim and the Glan estuary. Today there are two - larger ones - left in Meisenheim and Raumbach ; Raumbach's coat of arms contains a grape as a viticulture symbol.
The vineyards on the Glan are mainly located on Palatinate soil, but do not belong to the Palatinate wine-growing region , but to the Nahe wine-growing region . For this reason it was possible that the Nahe Wine Queen in 2005/2006, Karina II. (Karina Krauss), came from Raumbach am Glan.
Cattle breeding
In the wake of the BSE problem, agriculture is increasingly turning to the old breed of Glan cattle , which was once bred to keep the pastureland by the river free of bushes and trees. The cattle usually stay outside all year round.
traffic
The upper Glan flows about 10 km parallel to Autobahn 6 ( Saarbrücken - Mannheim ); the A 62 ( Landstuhl - Nonnweiler ) crosses the river at Glan-Münchweiler. From this point on, the federal road 423 runs to the right of the Glan , which joins the B 420 ( St. Wendel - Bad Kreuznach ) in Altenglan . This accompanies the Glan - now to the left of the run - to Meisenheim. On the way near Lauterecken, the B 270 crosses it , which leads from Kaiserslautern to Idar-Oberstein .
The stone railway from Landstuhl to Kusel runs parallel to the Glan between Glan-Münchweiler and Altenglan . From 1904 to 1961 this section was part of the Glantalbahn . While the southern part of the Glan Valley Railway from Glan-Münchweiler to Homburg is now part of a cycle path, a track has been preserved north of Altenglan that is now used for railroad trolleys .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ The color change on the map when the - also highlighted - Lauter flows into the river corresponds to the classification of the Glans below as a first-order body of water; The same applies to the Nahe receiving water.
- ↑ a b Topographic map 1: 25,000.
- ↑ a b Map service of the landscape information system of the Rhineland-Palatinate Nature Conservation Administration (LANIS map) ( notes )
- ↑ a b GeoExplorer of the Rhineland-Palatinate Water Management Authority ( information )
- ↑ Level data from the LfU Rhineland-Palatinate.
- ↑ gauge value Odenbach , increased by the area runoff 3.25 l / s km² of the remaining catchment area of 134 km²; it results from the intermediate catchment area of the Boos (Nahe), Kellenbach (Simmerbach), Kallenfels (Hahnenbach) and Oberstein 2 (Nahe) gauges.
- ↑ Illustration of the information stone on the Kärntner Glan .
- ^ Georg Christian Joannis , Johann Philipp Crollius : Calendar work: The history of the duke. Two bridges . Zweibrücken 1719, p. 13 (reprinted in Zweibrücken 1825).
- ↑ a b Our waters ( memento from November 16, 2016 in the Internet Archive ), Angelsportverein Lauterecken eV
- ↑ Water status report 2010 , Structure and Approval Directorate North (SGD North)