Ilz (Danube)

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Ilz
(upper course: Große Ohe or Schönberger Ohe)
Ilz, rivière de Bavière.png
Data
Water code EN : 178
location Bavarian forest

Bavaria

District of Passau

River system Danube
Drain over Danube  → Black Sea
origin Confluence of the Großer and Kleiner Ohe at Eberhardsreuth
48 ° 48 ′ 57 ″  N , 13 ° 22 ′ 10 ″  E
Source height approx.  430  m above sea level NN
muzzle In Passau in the Danube coordinates: 48 ° 34 ′ 34 "  N , 13 ° 28 ′ 28"  E 48 ° 34 ′ 34 "  N , 13 ° 28 ′ 28"  E
Mouth height 290  m above sea level NN
Height difference approx. 140 m
Bottom slope approx. 3.5 ‰
length 40.3 km 
from the confluence of the Große Ohe + Kleine Ohe ~ Ilz rivers
69.4 km
main line Seebach → Große Ohe → Ilz
Catchment area 850.31 km²
Discharge at the Kalteneck
A Eo gauge: 761.6 km²
Location: 18.8 km above the mouth 		NNQ (09/28/1947)
MNQ 1921–2012
MQ 1921–2012
Mq 1921–2012
 MHQ 1921–2012
HHQ (12/21/1993) 		2.4 m³ / s
4.7 m³ / s
16.1 m³ / s
21.1 l / (s km²)
 164 m³ / s
419 m³ / s
Discharge  at the mouth of the
A Eo : 850.31 km² 		MQ
Mq
 		17 m³ / s
20 l / (s km²)
Left tributaries Hochwegener Bach, Boigerbach, Wolfsteiner Ohe , Ramlinger Bach, Grablinger Bach, Grablinger Graben, Stempbach, ...
Right tributaries Flur Grenzbach, Ebersdorfer Bach, Kothringruber Bach, Kaferingbach, Mühlwiesbach, Grubhofler Bach, Sickenthaler Bach, Dettenbach, ...
Reservoirs flowed through Reservoir Oberilzmühle , Halser Reservoir
The Ilz near Fürsteneck

The Ilz near Fürsteneck

The Ilz (in the upper reaches also Große Ohe or Schönberger Ohe ) is a left tributary of the Danube in the southeastern Bavarian Forest about 40 km long, on the main line with its upper reaches almost 70 km long .

geography

Catchment area of ​​the Ilz (Danube)

course

The Ilz rises on the German side in the Bavarian-Bohemian border area in the Bavarian Forest National Park . Its source rivers Kleine Ohe (Grafenauer Ohe) , Große Ohe and Mitternacher Ohe come from the region between the mountains Rachel (1,453 m) and Lusen (1,373 m). They unite at the Ettlmühle not far from the village of Eberhardsreuth in the municipality of Schönberg . In the vicinity of Fürsteneck, the Wolfsteiner Ohe increases the water flow of the Ilz to more than double. The source rivers of the Wolfsteiner Ohe are the Reschbach and the somewhat larger Saußbach , their main tributary is the Osterbach.

The Ilz flows into the Danube in Passau , just a little above the mouth of the Inn opposite. Almost its entire length has been largely preserved close to nature . At the Kalteneck gauge , 18.9 km from its mouth in Passau, the Ilz has a long-term mean discharge of 16.1 m³ / s. At the mouth it is around 17 m³ / s.

Tributaries and lakes

Hierarchical list of tributaries and RiverIcon-SmallLake.svglakes from the confluence of the upper reaches to the mouth. Selection with only a few indirect inflows. Partly with water length, catchment area and altitude. Other sources for the information are noted.

The confluence of the Great and Little Ohe also the first as the Great Ilz Schönberger Ohe mentioned Ilz at about 430  m above sea level. NHN shortly before the Ettlmühle von Grafenau .

  • Große Ohe , right and northern upper reaches, 29.1 km with the Seebach → Große Ohe and 199.7 km². The Seebach arises at about 1302  m above sea level. NHN on the eastern slope of the Great Rachel above the Rachelsee and the Seewand.
    • Schwarzach , from the right and a total of north to about 716  m above sea level. NHN in Spiegelau , 8.0 km and 21.2 km². Rises at about 1280  m above sea level. NHN at the south descent of the Great Rachel.
    • Mitternacher Ohe , from the right and northwest to about 433  m above sea level. NHN a little north of Schönberg - Eberhardsreuth , 23.6 km with the Schindelaubach → Röhrnachbach → Mitternacher Ohe and 114.0 km². The highest spring Markbrunnen of the Schindelaubach is at about 956  m above sea level. NHN on the eastern slope of the Eschenberg .
  • Kleine Ohe or Grafenauer Ohe , left and northeastern upper reaches, 26.8 km with Filzbach → Kleine Ohe and 105.3 km². The Filzbach arises at about 1105  m above sea level. NHN east of Neuschönau - Waldhäuser on the saddle between Lusen and Waldhäuserriegel .
    • Knottenbach , from the left and north-northeast to about 680  m above sea level. NHN in front of the Schönauer Mühle of Neuschönau- Forstwald , 4.9 km with the Dilauer Seige → Knottenbach and 9.0 km². The Dilauer Seige arises at about 1077  m above sea level. NHN on the south-western slope of the Waldhäuserriegel .
    • Sagwasser , on the lower reaches of Sägwasser , from the left and northeast to about 635  m above sea level. NHN on the southern edge of Neuschönau- Schönanger , 12.7 km and 29.7 km². Arises at about 1157  m above sea level. NHN on the southeast slope of the Lusen.
    • Grüberbach , from the right and north-northeast to about 557  m above sea level. NHN in western Grafenau, 5.9 km with the Einbergbach → Grüberbach and 11.8 km². The Einbergbach arises at about 784  m above sea level. NHN at the monastery of Draxlschlag.
    • Steckenbach , perhaps also Straßenbach , from the left and northeast to about 437  m above sea level. NHN in Grafenau-Gehmannsberg, XX km with the Haselbach → Steckenbach stream and 9.4 km². Arises at about 718  m above sea level. NHN east of Grafenau- Neudorf .
  • Haselbach , from the left and east to about 428  m above sea level. NHN in front of the Rosenberger mill of Eberhardsreuth, 3.0 km and 3.7 km². Arises at about 510  m above sea level. NHN east of Grafenau-Haselbach.
  • Tyrolean stream, from the right and west
  • Rettenbacher Bach , from the right and west-southwest to about 420  m above sea level. NHN near Saldenburg- Rettenbach, 1.8 km and 1.4 km². Arises at about 457  m above sea level. NHN near the B 85 west of Rettenbach.
  • Biberbach , from the left and a total of north to about 417  m above sea level. NHN after the Ohmühle von Saldenburg, 7.9 km with the Heinrichsreuther Graben → Biberbach and 21.0 km². Arises at about 600  m above sea level. NHN between Grafenau-Harretsreuth and -Heinrichsreit (!).
  • Flur Grenzbach, from the right and west
  • Ebersdorfer Bach, from the right and west-northwest
  • Community boundary stream , from the right and west to about 383  m above sea level. NHN near Saldenburg-Stadl, 1.2 km and 1.3 km². Arises at about 514  m above sea level. NHN near Saldenburg-Preying.
  • Mühlbach , from the right and south to about 377  m above sea level. NHN near Tittling -Schneidermühl, 1.5 km and 2.9 km². Arises at about 460  m above sea level. NHN near Witzmannsberg -Witzingerreut.
  • Schirmbach , from the left and north to about 360  m above sea level. NHN near Perlesreut -Oberanschiessing, 1.5 km and 1.6 km². Arises at about 495  m above sea level. NHN near Perlesreut-Kirchberg.
  • Scharrgraben, from the left and north-northeast
  • Ganslbach , from the right and west-northwest to about 354  m above sea level. NHN in a short right branch near Witzmannsberg-Kriestorf, approx. 2.3 km and almost 2.0 km². Arises at about 453  m above sea level. NHN between Witzmannsberg-Witzingerreut and -Rappenhof.
  • Hochwegener Bach , from the left and north to about 353  m above sea level. NHN at the Schrottenbaummühle von Fürsteneck , 6.3 km with the Niederperlesreuter Bach → Eisenbernreuter Bach → Hochwegener Bach and 6.2 km². The Niederperlesreuter Bach arises at about 500  m above sea level. NHN near Perlesreut.
  • Boigerbach , from the left and northeast to about 350  m above sea level. NHN after the scrap tree mill, 1.6 km and 1.2 km². Arises at about 441  m above sea level. NHN near Fürsteneck-Atzldorf.
  • Kaferingbach , from the right and west
  • Wolfsteiner Ohe , from the left and north-northeast to about 338  m above sea level. NHN near Fürsteneck , 54.7 km with the Teufelsbach → Saußwasser / Saußbach → Wolfsteiner Ohe and 372.5 km². Flows at about 548  m above sea level. NHN west of Freyung from its two upper reaches combined.
    • Saußbach , left and north-northeastern upper reaches, 32.1 km with the Teufelsbach → Saußwasser / Saußbach and 111.8 km². The Teufelsbach arises at about 1156  m above sea level. NHN on the eastern slope of the Siebensteinkopf on the German-Czech border.
    • Reschbach , partly also Reschwasser , right and northern upper reaches, 22.8 km and 72.2 km². Arises at about 1180  m above sea level. NHN at the southeastern foot of the Černá hora (Schwarzberg) near the source of the Vltava just in the Czech Republic.
    • Osterbach , from the left and northeast to about 351  m above sea level. NHN before Fürsteneck-Ohbruck, 34.3 km and 134.7 km². Arises at about 895  m above sea level. NHN north of Neureichenau -Duschlberg near the Osterbrunnen .
  • Mühlwiesbach , from the right and northwest to about 328  m above sea level. NHN opposite the Aumühle von Fürsteneck, 0.7 km and 0.6 km². Arises at about 399  m above sea level. NHN near Witzmannsdorf-Kafering.
  • Büchetbach , from the right and northwest to about 328  m above sea level. NHN near Neukirchen vorm Wald -Saag, 8.8 km with the Muthbach → Adlmühlbach → Büchetbach and 16.9 km². The Muthbach arises at about 487  m above sea level. NHN near Tittling-Hörmannsdorf.
  • Ramlinger Bach , from the left and northeast to about 327  m above sea level. NHN near Hutthurm - Kalteneck , 5.1 km with the longer upper reaches Großthannensteiger Bach and 10.4 km². The Großthannensteiger Bach arises at about 455  m above sea level. NHN near Hutthurm-Oberpretz.
  • Grablinger Bach , from the left and southeast to about 327  m above sea level. NHN to Kalteneck, 2.1 km and 1.1 km². Arises at about 437  m above sea level. NHN near the Hutthurm cemetery.
  • Grubhofler Bach , from the right and west-northwest to about 325  m above sea level. NHN near Neukirchen vorm Wald-Feuerschwendt, 1.3 km and 0.8 km². Arises at about 427  m above sea level. NHN near Neukirchen in front of the Wald-Grubhof.
  • Grablinger Graben , from the left and east to about 324  m above sea level. NHN , approx. 0.8 km and approx. 0.5 km². Arises at about 401  m above sea level. NHN near Hutthurm-Grabling.
  • Sickenthaler Bach , from the right and northwest to about 322  m above sea level. NHN near Ruderting -Tauschberg, 1.6 km and 1.3 km². Arises at about 425  m above sea level. NHN near Neukirchen in front of the forest direction.
  • Dettenbach , from the right and north-northwest to about 317  m above sea level. NHN near Ruderting-Fischhaus, 10.5 km and 18.6 km². Arises at about 488  m above sea level. NHN in Tittling.
  • Stempbach , from the left and northeast to about 317  m above sea level. NHN near Hutthurm-Kleeham, 10.3 km with the Freihofer Bach → Stempbach and 15.6 km². The Freihofer Bach arises at about 465  m above sea level. NHN near Büchlberg -Witzingerreut.
  • RiverIcon-SmallLake.svgFlows through at about 316  m above sea level. NHN the reservoir Oberilzmühle with a dam at Salzweg -Oberilzmühle, about 5 km long, 10 hectares in size and with a storage volume of 4.5 · 10⁶ m³.
  • Kieslinger Bach , from the left and northeast to about 303  m above sea level. NHN near Salzweg-Limbach, 3.5 km and 4.8 km². Arises at about 432  m above sea level. NHN in the northwestern Salzweg.
  • Rosenauer Bach , from the left and north to about 292  m above sea level. NHN in Passau - Grubweg , approx. 1.6 km and approx. 1.0 km². Flows at about 395  m above sea level. NHN a pond on Reinhold-Koeppel-Strasse in Passau-Sandberg.

Estuary of the Ilz from the left and finally northwest to about 291  m above sea level. NHN between Veste Niederhaus and Ilzstadt in Passau in the Danube . The Ilz is 40.3 km long from the confluence of the Großer and Kleiner Ohe, together with its main strand from the source of the Seebach on the Große Rachel over the Große Ohe it is even 69.4 km long and has a catchment area of ​​850.3 km² 11.2 km² in the Czech Republic, the rest in Bavaria.

Water quality

The characteristic of the Ilz is its soft , brownish to blackish colored water. It is therefore also known as the black Ilz or black pearl of the Bavarian Forest.

The water of the Ilz reacts with the formation of germs to residual pollution from sewage treatment plants and agricultural runoff. In 1991 a bathing ban was pronounced throughout the Ilz, and in 1993 the Rettet die Ilz campaign was launched.

In 2001 the LEADER Clean Ilz initiative was concluded. The Ilz was declared the river landscape of the year 2002/2003. The then Bavarian Environment Minister Werner Schnappauf announced this on March 22, 2002 on the occasion of World Water Day .

Reservoirs

Between the Oberilzmühle and the neck

The Oberilzmühle reservoir north of Passau dams the Ilz over 5 km to the lake. The Stadtwerke Passau built the Oberilzmühle hydroelectric power station here from 1951 to 1955 . At the castle ruin of Hals , the Ilz is dammed for the Hals power station once again over a distance of 1 to 1.5 km to the lake. In the 1970s there were plans for another reservoir near the Dießenstein castle ruins in the Saldenburg community . After around 40,000 citizens took part in a signature campaign in 1978, the plans were not pursued any further.

Wood drift

The drift lock at the neck

From around 1729 the expansion of the upper course for rafting began . 1788 Prince Bishops issued an extensive drift order . The drift from the inner Bavarian Forest to Passau took about six weeks, where a large wooden harbor was built on the Bschütt. The Triftsperre near Hals was built from 1827 to 1829 . From then on, a 115.5 m long, 3.2 m wide and 2.3 m high rock tunnel shortened the long way through the Halser river loop. Up to 100,000 sterling of wood were shipped there every year.

The large sawmills at Schneidermühl, Schrottenbaummühle and Fischhaus are also reminiscent of this type of timber transport, which only came to a standstill after 1945 when the forest roads were expanded.

animals and plants

Ilz loop at the neck

It is estimated that the Ilz valley is populated by more than 20,000 different animal species. The river pearl mussel occurs in the Ilz , as well as the crayfish , which is missing in the dammed areas. The more undemanding American crayfish also lives in the Ilz. The Huchen is known as the "King of the Ilz fish" , of which remnants have been preserved. The kingfisher and dipper , which are replaced by newcomers from the north in winter, still breed on the banks . The common sandpiper also has a breeding population in the Ilz valley. The banded demoiselle is occasionally observed in the lower reaches .

Apart from a large number of lower plants, more than 400 different vascular plants grow on the Ilz . As the largest plant rarity of Ilztales which applies Hairy Spurge , more features are Siberian iris , elderberry Iris (in the castle ruins of Hals ) Borstige Bellflower , Campanula glomerata , Prussian laser cabbage , calla , marsh gentian , frog bite , Utricularia australis , ostrich fern , Langblättriger Speedwell , columbine , liverwort , swamp heart leaf , colored monkshood and fire orchid . The original riparian vegetation has been partially displaced by the adventitious plants slit-leaved coneflower and glandular balsam .

Protected areas

In the area of ​​the failed reservoir project on the Dießenstein, the Ilz am Dießenstein nature reserve was created in 1981 after a protracted conflict of interests , which was renamed Obere Ilz in 1991 . It has a size of 380 hectares. Another nature reserve, the 91.5 hectare Halser Ilzschleifen nature reserve , was created on December 3, 1993 near Hals . Already on 20 February 1960, the reaching of Fürsteneck to Passau was protected landscape protection of the landscape part Ilztal in the area of the city and the district Passau built with a size of 1219.0 hectares.

water sports

Canoeing

In compliance with the rules for navigating the rivers in Bavaria (as of October / 2007), kayaks and canoes can be used to a limited extent or prohibited all year round in precisely regulated sections.

There is currently a year-round traffic ban for the neck weir - neck road bridge (= river kilometers 4.5 - 2.2). From May 1st to June 30th, driving on the Ettelmühle - Wolfsteiner Ohe mouth (= river kilometers 42.5 - 24.6) is prohibited without exception. For the section from Furth to Schrottenbaummühle (= river kilometers 38.3 - 27.1), in the period from July 1st to April 30th, there is a voluntary self-restraint for water sports enthusiasts: This requires a minimum level at the Schrottenbaummühle of> 85 cm only allows landing at weirs and bridges.

Current information is published by the Bavarian Canoe Association .

Fishing

The Ilz also offers fishing opportunities. Fishing permits can be purchased for stretches of water near Passau, Fischhaus and the Grenzbächlein near the Dießensteiner Mühle . In addition, you can fish at the tributaries of the Ilz and at lakes and reservoirs in the catchment area of ​​the Ilz.

One of the target fish species is the huchen, which however has protection restrictions due to its rarity. A maximum of one huchen per angler per season may be caught, this must also be over 90 cm long.

In the catchment area of ​​the Ilz you can also fish for bream , tench , chub , nose , brook trout and rainbow trout, European grayling and white fish.

Tourism

tourism

In general, there is pronounced tourism in the Ilztal as a recreational area in the Bavarian forest. The number of beds available is high compared to other regions.

Bike paths

From Niederalteich (on the Danube) via Hengersberg , Iggensbach , Schöllnach , Eging am See to Kalteneck, a total of 53 km, the Danube-Ilz Cycle Path leads, partly on a former railway line. Tourist bike paths lead from Kalteneck to Röhrnbach (10 km) and Passau (17 km). VCD , ADFC and Ilztalbahn have jointly published a cycle map with route suggestions.

Rail transport

The Ilz Valley is used by trains from the Ilz Valley Railway from Passau to Fürsteneck . These offer discounted bike transport.

literature

  • Helmut Fürsch, Anita Götthans; with the collaboration of Helmut Grosu: Die Ilz. A nature and hiking guide , Morsak Verlag, Grafenau, 3rd edition 1991, ISBN 3-87553-365-8
  • Paul Praxl : The Ilz - A river landscape in the past and present. In: The Bavarian Forest. Journal of the Bavarian Forest Association, issue 1/2005, pp. 3-19.
  • Paul Praxl: The Ilz. In: The Bavarian Forest. No. 18/1, 2005, pp. 5–11, PDF on ZOBODAT

Web links

Commons : Ilz  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

BayernAtlas ("BA")

Official online waterway map with a suitable section and the layers used here: Course and catchment area of ​​the Ilz
General introduction without default settings and layers: BayernAtlas of the Bavarian State Government ( notes )

  1. ↑ Height queried on the official map background layer (right click).
  2. ↑ a b c Length measured on the official map background layer .
  3. ↑ a b Catchment area measured on the official map background layer .
  4. ↑ Height according to the blue lettering on the official map background layer .

Water directory Bavaria ("GV")

  1. ↑ a b c Length according to: Directory of creek and river areas in Bavaria - Isar to Inn river area of the Bavarian State Office for the Environment, as of 2016 (PDF; 3.3 MB)
  2. ↑ a b Catchment area according to: Directory of brook and river areas in Bavaria - Isar to Inn river area of the Bavarian State Office for the Environment, as of 2016 (PDF; 3.3 MB)

Others

  1. ^ German Hydrological Yearbook Danube Region 2006 Bavarian State Office for the Environment, p. 219, accessed on October 4, 2017, at: bestellen.bayern.de (PDF, German, 24.2 MB).
  2. ↑ a b Kalteneck gauge value increased by the area runoff (approx. 9 l / s.km²) of the remaining catchment area (88.71 km²), determined for the intermediate catchment area of ​​the Kalteneck (Ilz), Hörmannsberg (Gaißa), Hofkirchen (Danube), Grafenmühle gauges (Vils), Neustift (Wolfach), Passau-Ingling (Inn) and Achleiten (Danube)
  3. ↑ BayernViewer of the Bavarian Surveying Administration
  4. ↑ The Ilz has an average water flow of around 7.3 m³ / s at the confluence, the Wolfsteiner Ohe one of around 8.3 m³ / s, values ​​determined from the values ​​of the Schrottenbaummühle (Ilz above), Fürsteneck (Wolfsteiner Ohe) and Kalteneck (Ilz below).
  5. ↑ Paul Praxl: The Ilz online (pdf p. 3)
  6. ↑ Navigation rules on Bavarian rivers from the Bavarian Canoe Association, accessed on September 22, 2011
  7. ↑ Fishing | Ilztal & Dreiburgenland. Retrieved May 2, 2019 .
  8. ↑ Help! Which is the best hotel? Retrieved May 2, 2019 .
  9. ↑ www.donau-ilz-radweg.de: Map (pdf)
  10. ↑ ilztalbahn.eu