Kumachovo (Kaliningrad, Zelenogradsk)
| settlement
Kumachovo
Kumehnen Кумачёво
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
.svg)
Kumatschowo ( Russian Кумачёво , German Kumehnen ) is a place in the Russian Oblast Kaliningrad . It belongs to the local government unit Stadtkreis Selenogradsk in Zelenogradsky District .
Geographical location
Kumachowo is located in central Samland , 22 kilometers northwest of the oblast capital Kaliningrad (Königsberg) . The municipal road 27K-138 from Pereslavskoje (Drugehnen) to Kruglowo (Poland) runs through the village . The nearest train station is the Ostanowotschny point (stop) "Op 20 km" in Pereslavskoje (Drugehnen) five kilometers away on the Kaliningrad – Svetlogorsk railway , the former Samland Railway .
history
The place called Kumehnen until 1946 is an old church village. A settlement already existed here in Prussian times. The place name should go back to the Prussian word "kumetis = farmer", meaning a farming village. On June 13, 1874, Kumehnen became the administrative seat and eponymous place of an administrative district that existed until 1945. It belonged to 1939 the county Fischhausen to, 1939-1945 district Samland in the administrative district of Konigsberg the Prussian province of East Prussia .
On August 18, 1893, the rural community of Kumehnen expanded to include the Linkenmühle mill establishment (which no longer exists today) and in 1910 had a total of 507 inhabitants.
On September 30, 1928, the rural community of Kumehnen, the rural community of Dallwehnen (Russian: Kamyschinka, no longer existent) and the Galtgarben manor district (also perished) merged to form the new rural community of Kumehnen, and on October 17, 1928, the rural community of Spallwitten (no longer existed) existent) incorporated according to Kumehnen. On April 1, 1929, the rural community of Nastrehnen followed (Russian: Kamyschinka, no longer exists). The so “enriched” community had a total of 736 inhabitants in 1933, and then 792 in 1939.
As a result of the war, Kumehnen came to the Soviet Union with northern East Prussia in 1945 . In 1947 the place was named Kumachovo and was assigned to the village soviet Pereslavski selski Sowet in Primorsk Raion at the same time . From 2005 to 2015 Kulikowo belonged to the rural municipality Pereslavskoje selskoje posselenije and since then to the city district of Zelenogradsk.
Kumehnen District (1874–1945)
Between 1874 and 1945 Kumehne was an official village for the administrative district of Kumehne, which initially had 14 municipalities (rural communities (LG) and manor districts (GB)):
| Surname | Russian name | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Dallwehnen (LG) | Kamyshinka | 1928 incorporated into the rural community of Kumehnen |
| Galtgarben (GB) | 1928 incorporated into the rural community of Kumehnen | |
| Groß Ladtkeim (LG) | Jasnovka | |
| Hortlauken (GB) | incorporated into the rural community of Groß Ladtkeim | |
| Lime (GB) | In 1897 incorporated into the rural community of Pojerstieten | |
| Kobjeiten (LG) | 1928 incorporated into the rural community of Pojerstieten | |
| Kotzlauken (LG) | Tumanowka | 1928 incorporated into the rural community of Groß Ladtkeim |
| Kumehnen (LG) | Kumachovo | |
| Linkenmühle (GB) | In 1893 incorporated into the rural community of Kumehnen | |
| Nastrehnen (LG) | Kamyshinka | 1929 incorporated into the rural community of Kumehnen |
| Pojerstieten (LG) | Kolodzy | |
| Siegesdicken (LG) | 1928 incorporated into the rural community of Groß Ladtkeim | |
| Spallwitten (LG) | 1928 incorporated into the rural community of Kumehnen | |
| Wernershof (GB) | 1928 incorporated into the rural community of Groß Ladtkeim |
Due to the multiple restructuring, only three municipalities formed the administrative district Kumehnen on January 1, 1945: Groß Ladtkeim, Kumehnen and Pojerstieten. From the initial 14 villages, all but Kumehnen are now extinct.
church
Church building
The order church of Kumehnens, which is only preserved as a ruin today, is a Gothic brick building from the end of the 14th century. The somewhat low nave was built around 1390. Before that there was already a chapel, which was included in the rectangular choir, which is the oldest part of the church. The substructure of the nave as well as the tower consists of field stones. The tower was raised by one floor in the 15th century.
The rich furnishings of the church contained valuable pieces from the Middle Ages. There is no longer any of her. The church was repurposed in the 1950s and used as a warehouse. The west side of the tower substructure collapsed in 1989, the east wall of the superstructure is still standing. The roof of the choir has collapsed, that of the nave shows strong signs of decay. Efforts are being made today to preserve and restore the church, which was evangelical until 1945 .
Parish
The parish, which was founded in the pre-Reformation period, was the geographical center of the churches in Samland. The Reformation arrived here quite early. Until 1945 Kumehnen was the parish for more than twenty localities with more than 2,300 parishioners. It belonged to the parish of Fischhausen (today Russian: Primorsk) in the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union .
Due to the flight and expulsion of the local population as well as the restrictive church policy in the Soviet Union , church life in Kumachovo came to a standstill. In the 1990s, new Evangelical Lutheran congregations were formed in Kaliningrad Oblast . The community closest to Kumachovo is that of the Resurrection Church in Kaliningrad (Königsberg) . It belongs to the Kaliningrad provost of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of European Russia .
literature
- Faber: Historical news from the Galtgarben mountains and the Rinau castle. In: Contributions to the customer of Prussia. Volume 4. Königsberg 1821, pp. 122-137.
Web links
- Kumehnen, village and church in Samland
- Collection of pictures from Kumehnen / Kumatschowo
- Kumachovo on bankgorodov.ru
Individual evidence
- ↑ Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Kaliningradskaya oblastʹ. (Results of the 2010 all-Russian census. Kaliningrad Oblast.) Volume 1 , Table 4 (Download from the website of the Kaliningrad Oblast Territorial Organ of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
- ↑ D. Lange, Ortsinformation Bildarchiv Ostpreußen: Kumehnen
- ↑ Kumatschowo - Kumehnen at ostpreussen.net
- ^ Rolf Jehke, Kumehnen district
- ^ Uli Schubert, community directory, Fischhausen district
- ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Samland district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Through the Указ Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР от 17 ноября 1947 г. «О переименовании населённых пунктов Калининградской области» (Ordinance of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR "On the Renaming of Places in Kaliningrad Oblast" of November 17, 1947)
- ↑ Rolf Jehke, Kumehnen district (as above)
- ↑ Patrick Plew, The churches in Samland: Kumehnen
- ↑ Ursel and Lothar Dufke, Heimat here and there, with a chronology of pictures of the Ordenskirche in Kumhnen from 1945 to today ( memento from April 10, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Walther Hubatsch : History of the Protestant Church in East Prussia. 3 volumes. Goettingen 1968
- ^ Evangelical Lutheran Provosty of Kaliningrad ( Memento of August 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive )