Offenhausen (Middle Franconia)

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the community of Offenhausen
Offenhausen (Middle Franconia)
Map of Germany, position of the municipality Offenhausen highlighted

Coordinates: 49 ° 27 '  N , 11 ° 25'  E

Basic data
State : Bavaria
Administrative region : Middle Franconia
County : Nuremberg country
Management Community : Henfenfeld
Height : 387 m above sea level NHN
Area : 22.5 km 2
Residents: 1596 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 71 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 91238
Area code : 09158
License plate : LAU, ESB , HEB, N , PEG
Community key : 09 5 74 145
Community structure: 14 parts of the community
Address of the
municipal administration: 		Hauptstrasse 2
91238 Offenhausen
Website : www.offenhausen.de
Mayor : Martin Pirner ( UBB )
Location of the community Offenhausen in the district of Nürnberger Land
Nürnberg Nürnberg Landkreis Roth Landkreis Erlangen-Höchstadt Landkreis Bayreuth Landkreis Forchheim Landkreis Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz Landkreis Amberg-Sulzbach Engelthaler Forst Zerzabelshofer Forst Schönberg (gemeindefreies Gebiet) Rückersdorfer Forst Laufamholzer Forst Günthersbühler Forst Forsthof (gemeindefreies Gebiet) Fischbach (gemeindefreies Gebiet) Feuchter Forst Brunn (gemeindefreies Gebiet) Behringersdorfer Forst Feucht (Mittelfranken) Offenhausen (Mittelfranken) Alfeld (Mittelfranken) Altdorf bei Nürnberg Burgthann Engelthal Happurg Henfenfeld Hersbruck Kirchensittenbach Lauf an der Pegnitz Leinburg Ottensoos Pommelsbrunn Reichenschwand Röthenbach an der Pegnitz Rückersdorf (Mittelfranken) Schwaig bei Nürnberg Schwarzenbruck Velden (Pegnitz) Vorra Winkelhaid Schnaittach Neunkirchen am Sand Simmelsdorf Winkelhaid (gemeindefreies Gebiet) Haimendorfer Forst Neuhaus an der Pegnitzmap
About this picture

Offenhausen is a municipality in the central Franconian district of Nürnberger Land and a member of the Henfenfeld administrative community .

geography

Geographical location

Offenhausen is located in the Hammerbachtal around 8 kilometers south of Hersbruck and around 10 kilometers northeast of Altdorf near Nuremberg on the eastern edge of Middle Franconia. The municipality is located in the south of Hersbrucker Schweiz , a part of the Franconian Alb .

topography

Due to the geological conditions, Offenhausen has a highly turbulent topography. A multitude of mountain peaks from the Jura characterize the varied landscape. The 602  m above sea level. NHN high Lindenbühl is the topographically highest elevation in the municipality. The 547.2  m above sea level rises south of Offenhausen . NHN high Keilberg up. To the northeast of Kucha is the 554  m above sea level. NHN high Asselberg . In the Engelthaler forest the 565  m above sea level rises . NHN high Buchenberg and borders on the municipality of Offenhausen. The Hammerbach flows through the Offenhausen valley in a north-south direction.

Parish parts

Offenhausen fortified church

The community has 14 districts :

Natural allocation

In terms of nature, Offenhausen belongs to the northern part of the Middle Franconian Alb (according to Meynen / Schmithüsen et al.). According to the natural division of Germany according to Axel Ssymank , the Middle Franconian Alb is a natural area unit in the main natural area unit, the Franconian Alb .

Layered landscape of Offenhausen in the Hammerbachtal, view towards the southwest

Neighboring communities

Neighboring communities are (starting in the north clockwise): Engelthal , Happurg , Lauterhofen , Altdorf near Nuremberg , Leinburg .

geology

The community is located in the Hersbrucker Alb. Geologically, the Hersbrucker Alb belongs to the Franconian Jura and is part of the south-west German layer level country . In the characteristic Jura landscape of the large municipal area of ​​Offenhausen, the geological layers below, the White Jura (Malm) and the Brown Jura (Dogger) come to light. From the valley perspective, these geological formations form a typical layered landscape . The Hammerbachtal has cut into the plateaus of the Alb cover and is covered with Quaternary valley fillings.

ground

The soil type brown earth has developed on the Dogger sites . Shallow Rendzina floors have established themselves on the Malm surfaces . The valleys have gleye and other groundwater-influenced soils.

climate

Offenhausen is located in the cool, temperate climate zone and has a humid climate . The landscape of the municipality is located in the transition area between the humid Atlantic and the dry continental climate . After the climate classification of Köppen / Geiger Offenhausen belongs to the temperate warm rainy climate (Cfb climate). The mean air temperature of the warmest month remains below 22 ° C and that of the coldest month above -3 ° C.

Land use

Land use Offenhausen 2017
use Hectares
Housing area 36
Industrial and commercial space 14th
traffic area 91
Forest area 939
Agricultural area 1044
Area of ​​water 8th
total area 2250

Offenhausen is a rural community due to its location and structure. This is reflected in the land use. Forest, meadow and arable land (vegetation areas) together make up 90.5 percent of the municipality's area, as the land use table from 2017 shows. The municipality has a high proportion of agricultural land, which is 46.4 percent and thus makes up almost half of the municipal area of ​​Offenhausen. At 41.7 percent, the forest areas also make up a large proportion of the area. By contrast, the share of residential building space is only 1.6 percent. Industrial and commercial areas make up a comparatively small proportion of 0.6 percent of the municipal area. The traffic area share is 4.0 percent.

Protected areas

Stone gutter

Landscape protection area

Large parts of the municipality were placed under protection in 1985 as a protected landscape area of ​​the Southern Jura with Moritzberg and the surrounding area (LSG-00544.01) due to their scenic beauty, their special recreational value and their efficient natural balance . The extensive 16,637 hectare protected area comprises the Jura landscapes south of the Pegnitz around the Moritzberg to Pommelsbrunn .

Natura 2000 site

The stream valleys of the Hersbrucker Alb are registered as part of the European Natura 2000 network to the European Commission (No. 6534-371). Two parts of Offenhausen are part of this 682.9 hectare FFH area .

Geotope

In the northwest of the district Schrotsdorf at an altitude of 510 m above sea level. NN is the geotope Steinerne Rinne W von Schrotsdorf (574R026). Below a limestone spring on the northeast slope of the Buchenberg a small stone channel formed in the transition area from the White Jara (Malm) to the Brown Jura (Dogger) in the Holocene .

history

Prehistory and early history

The first traces of settlement in the Bronze Age (1800–800 BC) have been documented by excavations. Bronze Age barrows were discovered on the Lindenbühl and qualified as a ground monument (D-5-6534-0106). The complex consisted of 25 barrows and was dated to the Middle Bronze Age. The prehistoric grave point indicates an early settlement of the Offenhausen and Hammerbach valley. The geology of the Jura landscape made the Hammerbachtal, with its hills and elevations, a suitable settlement area in the early days. The relatively high iron ore deposits in the Jura rocks with an average ore content of around 22 percent favored the manufacture of solid metal tools.

middle Ages

Around 500 AD, the area previously populated by Baiern from the Regensburg area fell to the Franks. Since 741 the district belonged to the diocese of Eichstätt.

In the Nürnberger Land, places with the suffix -hausen were created relatively early, possibly as early as the 8th century. Because of its place name, Offenhausen is one of the oldest places in the Nuremberg region. The name Offenhausen probably goes back to the first Bavarian settler named Offo . Offenhausen was first mentioned in a document later, however, by the Eichstätter Bishop Gundekar II around the year 1058. Other places in the current municipal area were mentioned in documents in the middle of the 13th century (Kucha 1241, Egensbach 1241, Breitenbrunn 1248).

The missionary work of the Pegnitz valley and its side valleys was carried out from Offenhausen by the diocese of Eichstätt , since Eichstätt probably owned goods in the area. Offenhausen is mentioned twice in the consecration register. In addition, several chapels (Offenhausen, Entenberg, Gersberg, Schönberg and Swinach) were consecrated around the Offenhausen Church at this time.

In 1268 the right of patronage came to the Dominican convent Engelthal, but this ended again on June 25, 1528 with the introduction of the Reformation .

The city of Nuremberg received in 1521 the municipality of Offenhausen final as war profits from participation in the Landshut War of Succession . For centuries Offenhausen belonged to the territory of the imperial city of Nuremberg, which was part of the Franconian Empire from 1500 .

19th to 21st century

The rural community Offenhausen was formed as a result of the second Bavarian community edict of 1818 . On January 1, 1972, parts of the previously independent municipality of Breitenbrunn (with the place Breitenbrunn) were incorporated. On May 1, 1978, today's municipality of Offenhausen emerged from the previously independent municipalities of Offenhausen, Kucha and Püscheldorf.

Population development

The population development of the community Offenhausen was slightly positive between 1840 and 2017. In 1840, 1283 people lived in Offenhausen, compared to 1574 in 2017.

year 1840 1871 1900 1925 1939 1950 1961 1970 1987 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Residents 1283 1547 1472 1294 1155 1537 1292 1314 1348 1587 1581 1566 1567 1551 1556 1549 1544 1565 1574

Source: Population figures from the Bavarian State Office for Statistics

religion

Christianity

In Offenhausen there is an Evangelical Lutheran parish and the majority of the population of Offenhausen is - as is usual in Central Franconia - of the Evangelical Lutheran denomination . On May 9, 2011, 11.5 percent of the population were Roman Catholic and 74.6 percent were Evangelical Lutheran. The proportion of the population with religious affiliations has decreased slightly compared to 1987. In Offenhausen, the Catholic population increased slightly by 2.4 percent from 1987 to 2011 and the Protestant population decreased by 13.4 percent.

Judaism

At the beginning of the 20th century there were also a few Jewish residents in Offenhausen who were assigned to the Jewish community of Ottensoos in 1930.

politics

Municipal council

The Offenhausen municipal council consists of 12 councilors and the first mayor.

CSU SPD Independent civic bloc total
2014 4th 2 6th 12 seats
2008 5 1 6th 12 seats

(As of: local elections on March 16, 2014)

mayor

The mayors of Offenhausen:

  • 1972–1984: Johann Gulden
  • 1984–1996: Leonhard Zimmermann
  • 1996–2020: Georg Rauh (UBB)
  • since 2020: Martin Pirner (UBB)

coat of arms

The municipality Offenhausen was granted the right to use its own coat of arms on July 16, 1987. The coat of arms contains elements from the coat of arms of the Schenk von Reicheneck family (Reichenegg).

Blazon : “Five times diagonally divided by red and silver, topped with the growing golden tower of the Ottmars- and Ottilienkapelle with outer pulpit and gate, top right with a black label with three two-to-one set golden balls, top left with a silver label with a heraldic red rose with a golden clasp and five green leaves. "

Partner communities

The community of Offenhausen has had a partnership with Offenhausen in Upper Austria since September 7, 2001 .

Culture and sights

Monuments

The most important architectural monument in Offenhausen is the Evangelical Lutheran fortified church , which is dedicated to St. Nicholas . The choir tower church dates from the 14th century with its three basement towers. The nave is dated to the 15th century. In the west, the sacred building was expanded in 1621 and 1724/25 . The choir of the church has a ribbed vault and the nave consists of an arched barrel. The church interior has circumferential double galleries with a sermon in pictures on the first gallery. The oil painting from 1724 is by the painter Johannes Christoph Reich . The parish church is a listed building (D-5-74-145-7).

  • Parish Church of Saint Nicholas

  • Rectory

  • Residential building

  • Residential building

  • Wedge Tower

Hiking and biking trails

The 23-kilometer Pegnitz-Laber cycle path runs through the Hammerbach valley and is part of the north-south cycle path from Hersbruck to Neumarkt .

literature

Web links

Commons : Offenhausen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
  2. ↑ a b Topographic maps from OpenStreetMap (OpenStreetMap and SRTM elevation data). In: OpenStreetMap. Stefan Erhardt, Philipp Hochreuther, Martin Schütz, accessed on October 13, 2019 .
  3. ^ Community Offenhausen in the local database of the Bavarian State Library Online . Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, accessed on December 25, 2019.
  4. ↑ Map of the main natural space units and natural space units in Bavaria. (PDF) Bavarian State Office for the Environment, accessed on October 13, 2019 .
  5. ↑ Digital geological map of Bavaria 1: 25,000 (dGK25). In: BayernAtlas. Bavarian State Office for the Environment; State Office for Digitization, Broadband and Surveying, accessed on October 13, 2019 .
  6. ↑ Overview soil map of Bavaria 1: 25,000. In: BayernAtlas. Bavarian State Office for the Environment; State Office for Digitization, Broadband and Surveying, accessed on October 13, 2019 .
  7. ^ Offenhausen: Offenhausen Geography. DB-City, 2019, accessed on October 13, 2019 .
  8. ↑ a b c d community Offenhausen 09 574 145. In: Statistics communal 2018. Bavarian State Office for Statistics, January 31, 2019, accessed on October 18, 2019 .
  9. ↑ Landscape protection areas. In: BayernAtlas. Bavarian State Office for the Environment; State Office for Digitization, Broadband and Surveying, accessed on October 19, 2019 .
  10. ↑ Legal ordinance for the designation of the landscape protection area "Southern Jura with Moritzberg and surroundings". In: Ordinance. District of Nürnberger Land, November 8, 1985, accessed October 19, 2019 .
  11. ^ Fauna-flora-habitat areas. In: BayernAtlas. Bavarian State Office for the Environment; State Office for Digitization, Broadband and Surveying, accessed on October 19, 2019 .
  12. ↑ 6534-371 stream valleys of the Hersbrucker Alb (FFH area). In: Profiles of the Natura 2000 areas. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, September 18, 2019, accessed on October 19, 2019 .
  13. ^ Geotopes. In: BayernAtlas. Bavarian State Office for the Environment, State Office for Digitization, Broadband and Surveying, accessed on October 19, 2019 .
  14. ↑ a b Applied geology: Steinerne Rinne W von Schrotsdorf. In: UmweltAtlas Bayern. Bavarian State Office for the Environment (LfU), October 2019, accessed on October 19, 2019 .
  15. ↑ Bavarian Office for the Preservation of Monuments (accessed on September 12, 2013)
  16. ↑ Bavarian Monument Atlas. In: BayernAtlas. Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation, State Office for Digitization, Broadband and Surveying, accessed on October 19, 2019 .
  17. ↑ a b Administrative region Middle Franconia, Nürnberger Land Offenhausen. In: Offenhausen Monument List. Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation, June 4, 2019, accessed on October 19, 2019 .
  18. ↑ Between graves and tower castles. In: Hersbruck newspaper. Medienverbund Nürnberger Land GmbH & Co. KG, September 19, 2011, accessed on October 19, 2019 .
  19. ↑ a b c d history of Offenhausen (accessed on September 12, 2013)
  20. ↑ a b Eckhardt Pfeiffer (Ed.): Nürnberger Land . 2nd Edition. Karl Pfeiffer's Buchdruckerei und Verlag Hersbruck, Hersbruck 1989, ISBN 978-3-9800386-5-2 , p. 77-80 .
  21. ↑ Ursula Naumann: Offenhausen in Middle Franconia. Bayerischer Rundfunk, June 8, 2008, accessed on October 20, 2019 .
  22. ↑ a b c Stephanie Heyl: Offenhausen community. In: House of Bavarian History. Bavarian State Ministry for Science and Art, accessed on October 19, 2019 .
  23. ^ Nuremberg, Imperial City: Territory. In: Historical Lexicon of Bavaria. Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, accessed on October 20, 2019 .
  24. ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 481 .
  25. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 719 .
  26. ^ Joachim Hahn: Ottensoos (district of Nürnberger Land) Jewish history / synagogue. Alemannia Judaica - Working Group for Research on Jewish History in Southern Germany and the Adjoining Region, September 15, 2015, accessed on October 18, 2019 .
  27. ↑ Tilman Breuer, Friedrich Oswald, Friedrich Piel, Wilhelm Schwemmer: Handbook of German art monuments . Ed .: Dehio Vereinigung eV 2nd edition. Bavaria I: Franconia. Deutscher Kunstverlag (DKV), 1999, ISBN 978-3-422-03051-0 , p. 829 f .
  28. ↑ Michael Müller: Pegnitz-Laber-Radweg. In: Bavaria network for cyclists. Bavarian State Ministry for Housing, Building and Transport, accessed on October 19, 2019 .