Alfeld (Middle Franconia)

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the municipality of Alfeld
Alfeld (Middle Franconia)
Map of Germany, position of the municipality Alfeld highlighted

Coordinates: 49 ° 26 '  N , 11 ° 33'  E

Basic data
State : Bavaria
Administrative region : Middle Franconia
County : Nuremberg country
Management Community : Happurg
Height : 485 m above sea level NHN
Area : 17.95 km 2
Residents: 1086 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 60 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 91236
Area code : 09157
License plate : LAU, ESB , HEB, N , PEG
Community key : 09 5 74 111
Community structure: 18 parts of the community
Address of the
municipal administration: 		Am Kühberg 1
91236 Alfeld
Website : www.alfeld-mfr.de
First Mayor: Yvonne Geldner-Lauth (FW)
Location of the municipality of Alfeld in the district of Nürnberger Land
Nürnberg Nürnberg Landkreis Roth Landkreis Erlangen-Höchstadt Landkreis Bayreuth Landkreis Forchheim Landkreis Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz Landkreis Amberg-Sulzbach Engelthaler Forst Zerzabelshofer Forst Schönberg (gemeindefreies Gebiet) Rückersdorfer Forst Laufamholzer Forst Günthersbühler Forst Forsthof (gemeindefreies Gebiet) Fischbach (gemeindefreies Gebiet) Feuchter Forst Brunn (gemeindefreies Gebiet) Behringersdorfer Forst Feucht (Mittelfranken) Offenhausen (Mittelfranken) Alfeld (Mittelfranken) Altdorf bei Nürnberg Burgthann Engelthal Happurg Henfenfeld Hersbruck Kirchensittenbach Lauf an der Pegnitz Leinburg Ottensoos Pommelsbrunn Reichenschwand Röthenbach an der Pegnitz Rückersdorf (Mittelfranken) Schwaig bei Nürnberg Schwarzenbruck Velden (Pegnitz) Vorra Winkelhaid Schnaittach Neunkirchen am Sand Simmelsdorf Winkelhaid (gemeindefreies Gebiet) Haimendorfer Forst Neuhaus an der Pegnitzmap
About this picture

Alfeld is a municipality in the Middle Franconian district of Nürnberger Land and a member of the Happurg administrative community .

Alfeld

geography

location

The community is located about 35 kilometers east of Nuremberg. The nearest towns are Hersbruck and Altdorf , both around 13 kilometers away. The topography of Alfeld shows great differences in altitude, and the agitated landscape is known as the Kuppenalb . The community is located in the northern Kuppenalb and Vilsplatten landscape, which is worthy of protection .

Natural allocation

In terms of natural space , Alfeld belongs to the main unit Middle Franconian Alb , which, according to the natural division of Germany (according to Meynen / Schmithüsen et al.), Is part of the main unit group Franconian Alb.

Community structure

There are 18 districts :

Neighboring communities

Neighboring communities are (starting clockwise in the north) Pommelsbrunn , Birgland , Lauterhofen and Happurg .

geology

The community is located in the Franconian Alb . The low mountain range is part of the south-west German layer level country . The diverse landscape of the municipality is divided into three characteristic sub-areas, the Alb highlands, the dry valleys and the postglacial stream valleys.

Alb highlands

The Alb highlands are defined by layers of the White Jura (Malm). In the time of the White Jura, lime, especially reef lime, was converted into dolomite rock (Franconian dolomite ) through the addition of magnesium . During this chemical process, the lime in the sea water reacted with magnesium ions . The White Jurassic rocks have been subject to karstification since the Cretaceous Period . Mighty reef dolomites and table-bank dolomites shape the characteristic hilltop landscape of Alfeld. The white to gray dolomite rock emerges on the valley flanks of the municipality and gives the landscape its special character. Due to its geology, Alfeld has the typical relief and characteristic landscape forms of the Kuppenalb. In addition to the striking dolomite peaks, the gentle hollow forms determine the karstified Jura landscape. Due to karstification, the Alb plateaus are characterized by a recent lack of water . Quaternary Alblehme cover the hollows of the highlands and offer good agricultural site conditions due to the better nutrient supply.

Post-glacial stream valleys

Post-glacial stream valleys have cut deep into the rocks of the White Jura. The predominantly natural karst brooks are lively, flowing and clear.

Dry valleys, sinkholes and karst caves

Dry valley with arable and meadow terraces as well as meadows made of limestone grasslands and juniper heaths north of Alfeld ( Rinntal near Alfeld )

Geological features of the Alfeld karst landscape are the occurrence of a dry valley and the occurrence of sinkholes and karst caves . Sinkholes are funnel-shaped landforms that have developed from sinkholes as a result of corrosion or washout and subsidence of surface layers in underground cavities. A representative Karsthöhle of a complex of fossil sponge beds of Malm Delta represents the Alfelder Windloch represents.

Southern Germany was tectonically uplifted during the Lower Cretaceous and the Franconian Alb emerged as a mainland. Typical cone karsts were created due to the humid tropical climate . The upcoming Malmtafel was subject to strong karstification and erosion processes. In the course of these developments, so-called poljes and extensive cave systems that reached deep into the underground formed. The large number of Franconian caves and most of the cavity systems were created in the Cretaceous period. The recent karst waters , the dry valleys and the formation of sinkholes can be traced back to this first karstification phase . In the Upper Cretaceous Period , sea invasions came from the Eastern Alps - Carpathian region to Eastern Bavaria. The Lower Cretaceous karst relief was completely buried by Upper Cretaceous sediments . When the sea in the Untercenoman flooded the valleys of the Jura Mountains, this led to a rise in the karst water level in the Malm table. The iron-rich weathering products found in the caves were then relocated to the water-filled poljes and the flooded valleys on the eastern edge of the Jura and the Upper Palatinate Bay. At the end of the Cretaceous Period, the sea level sank and the mainland of the Franconian Alb was free again. Erosion processes then set in and the tropical climatic conditions in the Palaeogene led to extensive corrosion and repeated karstification of the Malm table. The upper chalk sediments were permanently eroded and corroded. The surface relief was constantly changing. Only remnants of the higher cave systems on the isolated mountain tops with mostly thin cover layers are preserved. The surface of the valley systems of that time, which appear today as dry valleys, probably originated from the Miocene and from the beginning of the Pliocene . The chalk sediments were almost completely cleared from the surface and the Malmkarst sub- Cretaceous surface was exposed. This geomorphological process continued until the late Tertiary .

Floors

Mostly shallow Rendzina soils have developed on the calcareous Jura rocks . The soil types brown earth and in places Kolluvisol occur in the depressions, flat valleys and on the Alb deposits .

climate

View from the northwest on Alfeld, in the foreground is the St. Bartholomew Church and in the background on the right the war memorial can be seen

Alfeld lies in the cool, temperate climate zone and has a humid climate . The landscape of the municipality is located in the transition area between the humid Atlantic and the dry continental climate . After the climate classification of Köppen / Geiger Alfeld belongs to the temperate warm rainy climate (Cfb climate). The mean air temperature of the warmest month remains below 22 ° C and that of the coldest month above -3 ° C. The average annual rainfall is over 800 mm in Alfeld. Due to the accumulation of rain caused by the rise of the Franconian Alb, the amount of precipitation is higher than in the Franconian comparison. The south-facing slopes of the valleys and dry valleys have a special warmth. The highlands of the Alb, on the other hand, are characterized by greater wind exposure and a harsher climate. The valleys divert the cold air created on the Alb highlands and lead the cold and fresh air into the settlements of the Pegnitz valley.

Land use

Land use Alfeld 2016
use Hectares
Housing area 72
Industrial and commercial space 24
traffic area 6th
Forest area 730
Agricultural area 790
Area of ​​water 3
total area 1795

Due to its location and structure, Alfeld is a rural municipality. This is reflected in the land use. Forest, meadow and arable land (vegetation areas) together make up 88.7 percent of the municipal area, as the land use table shows. The municipality has a high proportion of agricultural area, which is 44 percent and thus makes up almost half of the area of ​​Alfeld. At 40.7 percent, the forest areas also make up a large proportion of the area. By contrast, the share of residential building space is only 1.3 percent. Industrial and commercial areas make up a comparatively small share of 0.3 percent of the municipal area. The traffic area share is 3.7 percent.

Protected areas

North of the village of Alfeld is a typical Jura dry valley of the Alb plateau, which is designated as a nature reserve Rinntal near Alfeld . The 33 hectare protected area extends as an open valley area in an east-west direction and is part of the European Natura 2000 area Bachtäler of the Hersbrucker Alb ( FFH area no. DE6534371).

history

prehistory

The landscape of Alfeld was settled in prehistory , especially in the Upper and Late Palaeolithic and in the Late Bronze Age ( Urnfield Age ). Several settlement sites , cave finds , graves and barrows were archaeologically examined in the community and classified accordingly as ground monuments .

middle Ages

The Grange Lieritzhofen belonged like the Farm Aicha to the equipment goods of the monastery mountains , which in the year 976 by Wiltrud of Bergen was founded. Thus, the entire Alfeld area belonged to the monastery. The Bishop of Eichstätt , Gundekar II , consecrated the church of Alfeld during his term of office between 1057 and 1075. The possessions were alienated from the monastery in the 14th century by the family of Schenken von Reicheneck. The noble family had their ancestral seat in Reicheneck Castle . Then the Reichsministeriale von Reicheneck took on the administration of Alfeld. They also had their own farm in the village, where the feudal men were probably based. The feudal men were named after Konrads von Alfeld. The family had a wolf in the seal image. The establishment of a simple, fortified seat in the Alfeld, which gives it its name, suggests that the family had a ministerial origin. The missing ministerial seat is presumed to be at the Bierweg 11 property. The geographical location of the property on Altstrasse, which led to Regensburg and Forchheim, and on a steeply sloping rock that offered natural protection speak in favor of this thesis. The fortified structure was no longer mentioned in 1504.

Modern times

Alfeld has belonged to the territory of the imperial city of Nuremberg since the beginning of the 16th century . With the Rhine Confederation Act 1806, the place came to the Kingdom of Bavaria . In the course of the administrative reforms in Bavaria, the municipality of Alfeld was created with the municipal edict of 1818 . From 1504 the Alfelder Bach flowing through the middle of the village formed the border between the Upper Palatinate and the Nuremberg area. In 1806 the place was reunited and belonged to the Upper Palatinate district of Sulzbach. In 1911 he was reassigned to the Franconian district and later district of Hersbruck at his own request .

Before the municipal reform , Alfeld consisted of the main town and the districts Haubmühle, Kauerheim, Kirchthalmühle, Kursberg, Otzenberg, Rosenmühle, Wetzlasmühle (Schwarzmühle) and Ziegelhütte. On April 1, 1971, the previously independent municipality of Pollanden was incorporated with eight districts, Gotzenberg later came to Happurg . On January 1, 1972, the districts Claramühle and Regelsmühle of the municipality of Heldmannsberg were added. Alfeld is the second smallest municipality in the district. The population is almost stagnating. In the area of ​​the municipality there were 1115 inhabitants in 1970 and 1138 in 2008.

politics

City council election 2020
(in %)
 %
60
50
40
30th
20th
10
0
57.83
42.17
Current distribution of seats in the Alfeld municipal council (March 15, 2020)
  
A total of 12 seats

Municipal council

The municipal council has 12 members. Another member and chairman of the municipal council is the mayor. In the local elections on March 15, 2020, 708 of the 915 residents in the municipality of Alfeld exercised their right to vote, bringing the turnout to 77.38%.

mayor

  • 2002–2020: Karl-Heinz Niebler CSU
  • 2020– 0000: Yvonne Geldner-Lauth (FW)

In the local election on March 15, 2020, Yvonne Geldner-Lauth (FW) was elected with 53.69% of the vote.

coat of arms

The municipality of Alfeld was granted the right to use its own coat of arms on August 22, 1951.

Blazon : "Split by a blue wave pole, at the front in black a half, red-armored, golden lion, at the back divided diagonally five times by red and silver."

Attractions

St. Bartholomew Church in Alfeld (Middle Franconia)

The evangelical church of St. Bartholomew, consecrated in 1072, forms the dominant center of the village. Around 1450 a Gothic choir was added to its Romanesque choir , in 1707/08 the nave was vaulted with a wooden barrel and the galleries were built in. The result was a very atmospheric room: the high gallery house is followed by a gate-like low former choir, which widens into the Gothic east choir. Particularly worth seeing are the Gothic figure of the church patron, the altar from 1680 in moving baroque forms and the pulpit from 1663.

In the Untere Bachstraße there is a privately inhabited neo-renaissance villa built by the manufacturer Georg Burgschmit in 1896 . In 2004, the property was recognized by the Hypo-Kulturstiftung .

In the vicinity of Nonnhof , which used to belong to Gebertshofen in Upper Palatinate and only came to Alfeld in 1975, is the Alfelder Windloch natural monument ( listed as E 11 in the cave cadastre ); 2.2 km in length, it is the second longest known Dolomite cave in the Franconian Alb . The cave is in the period from April to October on a cave of competent visitors passable .

Economy and Infrastructure

The economic activity in Alfeld is determined by local businesses, retailers and restaurants.

traffic

Educational institutions

The following institutions exist (as of 2011):

  • Kindergartens: Evangelical house for children Alfeld with 33 children
  • An elementary school with three teachers and two classes. The 1st and 2nd as well as the 3rd and 4th grade are taught in a combined form.

Clubs and leisure

The oldest Alfeld club is the choral society 1852 Alfeld founded in 1852 . In 1863 the Alfeld musicians were founded, in 1882 the war comradeship Alfeld and the surrounding area , in 1903 the men's choir "Liederkranz" Alfeld . The Alfeld 1963 sports club, founded in 1963, has around 400 members, the largest department being the football department.

Parish fair is celebrated on the weekend after August 24th .

The landscape around Alfeld offers hikers an extensive network of well-marked hiking trails. These lead u. a. to nature reserves, numerous caves as well as architectural and natural monuments.

literature

Web links

Commons : Alfeld  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
  2. ^ Community of Alfeld: Mayor, local council and committees. Retrieved May 10, 2020 .
  3. ↑ Landscape profile 8101: Northern Kuppenalb and Vilsplatten. In: Landscapes worthy of protection. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN), March 1, 2012, accessed on June 22, 2019 .
  4. ↑ Map of the main natural space units and natural space units in Bavaria. (PDF) Bavarian State Office for the Environment, accessed on June 21, 2019 .
  5. ^ Community Alfeld in the local database of the Bayerische Landesbibliothek Online . Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, accessed on December 25, 2019.
  6. ↑ a b c d e f Guido Bauernschmitt, Christian Krüßmann, Lisa Berner: Municipality of Alfeld zoning plan with integrated landscape plan. (PDF) Alfeld municipality, August 1, 2017, accessed on June 21, 2019 .
  7. ^ Geological map of Bavaria 1: 500,000. In: BayernAtlas. Bavarian State Office for the Environment, accessed on June 20, 2019 .
  8. ^ Geological overview map of the Federal Republic of Germany 1: 200,000 (GÜK200). In: UmweltAtlas. Bavarian State Office for the Environment (LfU), accessed on June 20, 2019 .
  9. ↑ a b c Alfons Baier: A short history of the Franconian Alb. GeoZentrum Nordbayern of the Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, accessed on June 22, 2019 .
  10. ↑ Overview soil map of Bavaria 1: 25,000. In: BayernAtlas. Bavarian State Office for the Environment, accessed on June 20, 2019 .
  11. ↑ Municipality of Alfeld 09 574 111. (PDF) In: Statistics communal 2018. Bavarian State Office for Statistics, January 31, 2019, accessed on June 21, 2019 .
  12. ↑ nature reserves. In: BayernAtlas. Bavarian State Office for the Environment, accessed on June 20, 2019 .
  13. ^ Fauna-flora-habitat areas. In: BayernAtlas. Bavarian State Office for the Environment, accessed on June 20, 2019 .
  14. ↑ Nature Reserve 11 -Rinntal in Alfeld, Nuremberg County. Government of Middle Franconia, November 21, 2011, accessed June 20, 2019 .
  15. ↑ Alfeld monuments. (PDF) In: List of monuments. Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation, October 17, 2018, accessed on June 23, 2019 .
  16. ↑ Bavarian Monument Atlas. Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation and State Office for Digitization, Broadband and Surveying, accessed on June 23, 2019 .
  17. ^ Eckhardt Pfeiffer (Ed.): Nürnberger Land . 2nd Edition. Karl Pfeiffer's Buchdruckerei und Verlag Hersbruck, Hersbruck 1989, ISBN 978-3-9800386-5-2 , p. 320 .
  18. ^ Robert Giersch, Andreas Schlunk, Bertold Freiherr von Haller: Alfeld. Altnürnberger Landschaft eV, accessed on June 23, 2019 .
  19. ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 481 .
  20. ↑ Results of local elections 2020. OK.VOTE, March 15, 2020, accessed on May 18, 2020 .
  21. ↑ Results of local elections 2020. OK.VOTE, March 15, 2020, accessed on May 18, 2020 .
  22. ↑ Results of local elections 2020. OK.VOTE, March 15, 2020, accessed on May 18, 2020 .
  23. ^ Website of the Evangelical Lutheran Church Community in Alfeld
  24. ↑ List of all award winners ( Memento from August 3, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )
  25. ↑ Local hiking trail network Alfeld (accessed on April 5, 2013)