Huge

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Huge
Coordinates: 51 ° 49 ′ 32 "  N , 12 ° 27 ′ 56"  E
Height : 62 m
Area : 6.13 km²
Residents : 198  (December 31, 2014)
Population density : 32 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : January 1, 2011
Postal code : 06785
Area code : 034905
Huge aerial view

Riesigk is a district of the city of Oranienbaum-Wörlitz in the district of Wittenberg in Saxony-Anhalt .

geography

Geographical location

Riesigk is located around four kilometers south of the banks of the Elbe, mainly in the Middle Elbe Biosphere Reserve between Dessau-Roßlau and Wittenberg . Only three kilometers west of Riesigk is the Wörlitzer Park in the middle of the Dessau-Wörlitzer Garden Kingdom .

The land survey was carried out using a trigonometric point on the church tower . This was located on the parapet of the viewing platform at a height of around 30 m and was removed during the restoration work . A tower bolt is located above the foundation base of the church tower, facing the street .

The center of Riesigk on the K 2 042 district road extends along the southern shore of Lake Schönitzer . Rotehof extends south of this on the northern side of the L131 state road. The southern side is undeveloped. Schönitz (with only six houses) is about two kilometers north of Riesigk and north of Lake Schönitz.

Districts

There are three districts, Riesigk, Schönitz and Rotehof.

geology

The area around Riesigk is flat and is crossed by numerous oxbow lakes of the Elbe as well as ditches and streams. Remnants of sand dunes from the last Ice Age are the only elevations (only a little more than two meters high). The largest backwater is the several kilometers long Schönitzer See, located directly behind the old flood dike in Riesigk. The lake is divided several times by the Seedammbrücke (dam with bridge for the road to Schönitz) and the Neuen Wall (flood dike from Taubenhaus to Rehsen ).

The district Riesigk lies in the floodplain of the Elbe. The soils are of Holocene origin. Almost all types of soils can be found: from light sandy soils to heavy clay soils . The soil values ​​of the soils are therefore in a wide range from around 20 to 85.

The groundwater level is very high and also depends heavily on the backflow of the Elbe into the Schönitzer See. Sometimes only one meter below the surface of the earth. If the Elbe floods for a longer period of time or after heavy rainfall, you can see the historical course ( meander ) of the Elbe on the fields and meadows that are then flooded . The groundwater flow direction runs from south-east to north-west.

Natural resources

In parts of the district, river sand and gravel occur as deposits from the former Elbe valley.

Lignite deposits were discovered during prospecting work in the 1970s under the entire municipality (continuation of the seam already mined in Bergwitz to the west). The thickness of 0.5–1.5 m with about 30 m of overburden is rather small.

Natural events

Due to its geographical location, Riesigk has always had to deal with floods in the Elbe. Buildings to protect against floods have therefore been in place for centuries.

One of the most devastating floods to date reached Riesigk in August 2002 . Schönitz was flooded for several weeks.

climate

The rain shadow of the resin caused in the area a slightly decreased rainfall of about 550 mm rainfall year. The rainiest months are June and August with around 60 mm of precipitation each. Snow is very rare in the winters . The mean annual temperature is around 9 ° C. The warmest month is July. The mean temperature this month is around 18 ° C.

House numbers

The first house numbers in Riesigk were assigned around 1800 from the center of the village, starting clockwise from 1 to 28. The next houses were then given house numbers in the order in which they were built. The first house only got a house number with additional letters in 1904. This type of numbering was retained until 2011. The church had no house number.

In Rotehof, the farm workers' houses were numbered from 1 to 17. The houses of the estate and the houses 20 (former Gasthof Rotes Haus ), as well as 24 and 25 (previously Riesigk 30 and 29) got their current house number only after 1950.

House numbers 1–8 were assigned to Schönitz. The numbering took place after the reintegration into the city of Oranienbaum-Wörlitz in 2011.

nature

The largest part of the district Riesigk consists of agricultural land . There is almost no forest in the immediate municipality area, but there are large contiguous alluvial forest areas and meadows up to the Elbe in the north , while in the east the first foothills of the Düben Heath can already be seen .

fauna

Deer and wild boar are represented as larger wild animals . Beavers have been native to this area for a long time. There are numerous species of waterfowl by and on the lakes and ponds . The fish population was severely decimated during the floods in 2002 and renewed through the replacement of different fish species.

flora

The water nut was resettled in the Schönitzer See.

Huge flood in 2002 - view from the church tower to the north

history

Before human settlement, in the last millennia after the Ice Age the Elbe lowlands between Fläming and Dübener Heide formed a wide swamp area with dense beech forests , puddles of water, marshes and Elbarmen.

These areas of the Elbe lowlands were opened up by man through building dykes , digging ditches, clearing and pushing the forest back into the current cultural landscape.

Huge

Riswig is the first recorded name for the community. The place apparently existed before the Slavic colonization of the area. The name was made up of the Old High German words ris = swamp, damp place in the forest and wi (c) h = village.

Slavic settlements probably existed here before the 10th century . Around 1200 there was the first mention of old - and new - Riswig . Riesigk was donated to the parish of Wörlitz in 1337 . In 1603, the area passed to the Principality of Anhalt-Dessau . In 1735 extensive dyke construction was carried out because the community is located in the floodplain of the Elbe. The first wooden church was built in 1745, but a few years later it was demolished due to disrepair. The bell was lt. Inscription in the workshop of master Martin Heintze in Leipzig poured. Georg Christoph Hesekiel (1732–1818) built a new church in the neo-Gothic style between 1797 and 1800 directly at the entrance to the village in the direction of Wörlitz. The bell from the previous church will be reused. The progress of construction can be seen on special after-work bricks with the year stamped on them.

The entrance to the town is characterized by the neo-Gothic church that was consecrated in 1800 and is located directly on the street. In the church there is a crypt in which the bones of Agnes von Loën , the sister of Prince Leopold III, rest . Friedrich Franz von Anhalt-Dessau (1740–1817). The Kirchgarten is laid out as a meadow orchard , because here, too, the following applies : "Combine the beautiful with the useful" .

To the north, the place is bounded by the old flood dike , which protected the place from the floods of the Elbe . The original dyke line has changed due to many dyke breakthroughs in the past centuries. A chain of ponds ( Grasloch, Schmidt's pond, the former village pond, Nickel's pond, Spanier Kolk, pond at the pilgrimage passage ) was created at the rinsed areas. The dikes were then led around these ponds. Immediately behind the flood dike is the "Schönitzer See", a several kilometers long former Elbarm ( nature reserve ).

The municipality's cemetery is located far outside the village on a sand dune from the last Ice Age , safe from the floods of the Elbe, which in historical times flooded the entire area as far as Oranienbaum . Parts of the sand dune were dismantled as building sand a long time ago, so that there is now a depression next to the elevated cemetery.

In the two world wars, Riesigk was not directly affected. The monument , however, to those who fell under the peace oak in 1871 at the former village pond shows that in the First World War, 10 soldiers and in the Second World War, 23 soldiers have not returned home. After the end of the Second World War, Riesigk was first under American occupation . In July 1945, the Russian troops replaced the American ones.

The community was assigned to the newly formed Graefenhainichen district in the Halle district in 1952. Before that, it was part of the Koethen district . In 1994 it became part of the Anhalt-Zerbst district . On July 1, 2007, the Riesigk community was incorporated into the Wittenberg district due to a district reform from the former Anhalt-Zerbst district . 3 years later, on January 1, 2011, the Riesigk community became part of the newly formed city of Oranienbaum-Wörlitz .

Schönitz and Rotehof

Czeynitz, the original name of Schönitz, is like most place names in the area of ​​Slavic origin. In 1952 Schönitz and Rotehof were incorporated into Riesigk.

Religions

Church Riesigk

Non-denominational

Most of the population is not affiliated with any denomination.

Evangelical

The majority of the church members belong to the Evangelical Lutheran congregation. The parish includes Riesigk and the neighboring parish of Gohrau , which has no church itself. In 1962 a second bell was cast again for the church tower . Between 1998 and 2000 the church was extensively restored using monument protection funds . The roof, tower, facade and windows were largely restored to the original. In 1532 Martin Luther preached in Wörlitz and probably also passed Riesigk on the way from nearby Wittenberg . In the church, on the side behind the altar , there were two memorial plaques for the sisters Casimire and Leopoldine of Prince Leopold III. Friedrich Franz von Anhalt-Dessau attached. These were originally located in the facilities on the Drehberg between Griesen and Vockerode . The church has a Röver organ from 1894 (as a replacement for a Zuberbier organ from 1801). This was renovated until 2017. It is almost in its original condition.

The parish is part of the parish Wörlitz with the parishes Vockerode, Wörlitz / Griese, Riesigk / Gohrau and Rehsen. Before the reorganization in 1992, the parish had belonged to the parish of Horstdorf as a branch since 1753 . That is why there is no rectory in Riesigk .

Catholic / New Apostolic

There are only a few Catholic and New Apostolic church members. The nearest Catholic church is in Oranienbaum . The New Apostolic church members meet in Rehsen .

politics

Municipal council

The six-member municipal council is currently composed of non-party individual candidates.

mayor

The last mayor of Riesigk was Silvia Grune, who held the office from 1979 until the municipalities were legally reorganized on January 1, 2011.

Culture and sights

language

Anhalt dialect is spoken in Riesigk . The language border to the north is the Elbe (ick-ich line). Here are mark-Brandenburg dialects spoken.

tourism

The Elbe cycle path on Neuer Wall leads through the Elbe on the northern edge of the municipality.

Buildings

The Dessau-Wörlitz Garden Realm , in whose eastern area Riesigk is located, was designed more than 200 years ago in a particularly eye-catching and conscious manner. Remnants of the avenues , which were formerly lined with fruit trees, can still be seen and are being redesigned as the German Avenue Road . Flood protection structures are everywhere on the old flood dams , but are now mostly used for other purposes.

  • The neo-Gothic village church, completed in 1800, as well as the structurally closed complex of Wallwachhaus , former village bakery and school from 1789 (now An der Kirche 4, 5 and 6) and the complex of the former estate "Roter Hof" (now Rotehof 3 , 4 and 7) as Vorwerk are evidence of this development. The building material ( bricks and roof tiles ) for these buildings came from the brickworks located directly on the road between Riesigk and Wörlitz . Originally the bricks were made in the old monastery format . Parts of the brickworks ( kiln and chimney ) were demolished in 1938. The material was used again in the communities in the area.
  • In the vicinity of Schönitz, facing the lake, the remains of a former fortification ( moated castle ) can still be seen .
Castle wall
  • In the Luch, about 100 m from the Riesigk-Rehsen field path, there is a wood in the middle of the field with the remains of a crypt belonging to the forester Johann Wöpke (1774–1829). The crypt of his father, the dike builder and forester August Wilhelm Leopold Wöpke (1732–1809) is within sight of this crypt, but already in the area of ​​the municipality of Rehsen .
  • Parts of an old former half-timbered house are still in the center of the village (Wallstrasse 3).
    The half-timbered houses at church 9 and 11 have been restored.
  • About 200 m south of the Riesigk– Gohrau road , on the current Rotehof 35 and 36 site, there was a windmill .
  • On the Neuer Wall , which has been protecting the entire area from floods since 1928, there is a flood protection guard house , also known as the Limesturm or Taubenhaus .
    Limes Tower
  • Memorial for those who fell in the world wars on the east side of the former village pond. Erected in 1936, renewed and supplemented in 1995.
    War memorial in Riesigk
  • Eselswall near the pigeon house as the remainder of a former flood wall / dike towards Wörlitz.
  • Boundary stone no. 228 from the time after 1807 with the inscriptions HAD ( Duchy of Anhalt-Dessau ) and KP ( Kingdom of Prussia ) in front of the property at An der Kirche 7. This boundary stone was originally located on the Anhalt / Prussia border between Gohrau and Schleesen . It fell victim to land consolidation and is also slightly damaged. The exact location is not known.
  • Signpost at the former village pond from the years after 1850.
  • Signpost at the Riesigk-Rotehof-Gohrau intersection.

Regular events

  • Garden Day: second Saturday in August
  • Open Monument Day : second Sunday in September
    • Open church on both days

Economy and Infrastructure

education

traffic

Public transport

Local public transport ( ÖPNV ) and school transport are handled by buses:

Federal highways

Riesigk is located on the state road L131 from Dessau-Roßlau via Oranienbaum to Wittenberg and on the district road K 2 042 to Wörlitz . The federal highway 107 in Oranienbaum, which connects Graefenhainichen and Coswig , is approx. 7 km.

Federal motorway

The motorway connection ( A 9 ) Vockerode is approx. 11 km away.

railroad

The nearest train station is in the municipality of Kemberg-Bergwitz on the Berlin – Halle railway line between Wittenberg and Bitterfeld . The Wörlitz station of the Dessau-Wörlitzer Railway is only served in the summer season. The Riesigk stop (kilometer 21.8) and the Gohrau / Rehsen station in Gohrau were created in 1934 when the Dessau-Wörlitz railway line was expanded from Wörlitz to Gohrau. At the breakpoint, a base for the agricultural trade cooperative (BHG) was established to supply the agricultural sector . Passenger traffic ceased in 1968. The section was dismantled in the 1970s and the BHG buildings were demolished. The line to Wörlitz went back into operation in 1982.

air

Until 1990 there was an agricultural airfield just north of the former railway station . Here it was still possible to take part in sightseeing flights over the Elbe in spring 1990.

bicycle

Hugek and the surrounding area are ideal for exploring with bicycles with no noticeable differences in altitude. There are no developed bike paths on the streets .

Public facilities

From 1923 onwards, electrical energy was supplied via a medium-voltage line that was later connected directly to the Vockerode power station . It was not until 1940 that the Schönitz district was connected. Some private photovoltaic systems are now also feeding into the local network.

The water supply and wastewater treatment are carried out by the Oranienbaum Water Association .

Two gas pipelines cross the municipality in the east. The community itself is not connected to the gas supply.

media

A cable network for television reception does not exist. As a rule, households receive television programs via satellite and radio programs via antenna . The transmitters are located near Wittenberg on the Gallunberg. The majority of households buy the Mitteldeutsche Zeitung (regional edition of Graefenhainichen or Dessau ) as the daily newspaper . The free advertising papers Wochenspiegel and Super Sonntag appear weekly. The current telephone infrastructure was created in 1995. All households were connected via underground cables . It was not until the mid-1970s that the existing overhead lines with 15 telephone line pairs (for Riesigk, Gohrau and Rehsen) were replaced by underground cables from Wörlitz to Riesigk and subsequent free-hanging cables.

statistics

Population development

The numbers indicate the total number of inhabitants of the three districts:

1548
  • Huge: 1 Schulze, 7 Hüfner , 8 Kossaten
  • Schönitz: 8 Hüfner, 2 Kossaten
  • Rotehof: does not exist yet
1787 202 (without Rotehof)
1818 356
1871 325 (Rotehof 1867)
1905 347 (Rotehof 1867)
1970 324
1980 308
1990 293
2000 228
2010 203
2020 170 Forecast by the State Statistical Office with a further downward trend
2025 153

from 1990 State Statistical Office, status as of December 31

literature

  • Th. Weiss: The Garden Kingdom of Dessau-Wörlitz . L&H Verlag, 1998, ISBN 3-928119-42-7 .
  • R. Alex: Palaces and gardens in Wörlitz . Seemann-Verlag, 1988, ISBN 3-363-00366-8 .
  • Evangel. Landeskirche Anhalt: Churches in the Dessau-Wörlitz Garden Realm. Anhalt Edition, 2000, ISBN 3-910192-63-7 .
  • G. Piltz: Saxony-Anhalt . Urania-Verlag, 1992, ISBN 3-332-00486-7 .
  • G. Piltz: Art guide through the GDR . Urania-Verlag, 1976, DNB 200721887 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ according to the residents' registration office
  2. ↑ Climate information. Retrieved December 27, 2017 .
  3. ↑ a b State Office f. Preservation of monuments: List of monuments in Saxony-Anhalt . fly head publisher, 1997, ISBN 3-910147-65-8 . P. 162
  4. ↑ StBA: Area changes from January 1st to December 31st, 2011
  5. ↑ Drehberg. (No longer available online.) In: industrielles-gartenreich.com. Archived from the original on November 3, 2014 ; accessed on September 21, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / industrielles-gartenreich.com
  6. ^ State Office for the Preservation of Monuments: List of Monuments in Saxony-Anhalt . fly head publisher, 1997, ISBN 3-910147-65-8 . P. 160
  7. ^ State Office for the Preservation of Monuments: List of Monuments in Saxony-Anhalt . fly head publisher, 1997, ISBN 3-910147-65-8 . P. 157
  8. ^ State Office for the Preservation of Monuments: List of Monuments in Saxony-Anhalt . Flugkopf Verlag, 1997, ISBN 3-910147-65-8 . P. 164
  9. ↑ Comprehensive School in the Garden Realm. Retrieved November 15, 2014 .
  10. ↑ Paul-Gerhardt-Gymnasium. Retrieved November 13, 2014 .
  11. ^ Vetter Verkehrsbetriebe
  12. ^ The Chronicle of the Water Purpose Association. In: wzv-oranienbaum.de. Retrieved September 21, 2014 .

Web links

Commons : Huge  - album with pictures, videos and audio files