Töss (river)
Töss | ||
Töss near Bauma |
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Data | ||
Water code | CH : 624 | |
location | Switzerland | |
River system | Rhine | |
Drain over | Rhine → North Sea | |
Headwaters | In the canton of St. Gallen in the area of the Tössstock and Schwarzeberg mountains, 47 ° 17 ′ 39 ″ N , 8 ° 58 ′ 0 ″ E |
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Source height | approx. 1210 m above sea level M. (Vordere Töss) | |
muzzle | near Teufen (on the Tössegg ) in the Rhine Coordinates: 47 ° 33 ′ 8 ″ N , 8 ° 33 ′ 15 ″ E ; CH1903: 683 959 / 267 439 47 ° 33 '8 " N , 8 ° 33' 15" O |
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Mouth height | 344 m above sea level M. | |
Height difference | approx. 866 m | |
Bottom slope | approx. 14 ‰ | |
length | 60 km | |
Catchment area | 441.43 km² | |
Discharge at the Neftenbach A Eo gauge : 343 km² Location: 10.6 km above the mouth |
NNQ (1947) MNQ 1921–2016 MQ 1921–2016 Mq 1921–2016 MHQ 1921–2016 HHQ (1953) |
710 l / s 3.13 m³ / s 7.78 m³ / s 22.7 l / (s km²) 12.2 m³ / s 270 m³ / s |
Discharge A Eo : 441.56 km² at the mouth |
MQ 1961-1980 Mq 1961-1980 |
9.74 m³ / s 22.1 l / (s km²) |
Big cities | Winterthur |
Source and mouth of the Töss
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The Töss [ ˈtøːs ] is a river in the east of the canton of Zurich in Switzerland. The meaning is the roar . It rises in the canton of St. Gallen and flows around the Tössstock into the Zurich Oberland . The two source streams Vordere Töss and Hintere Töss come together at the Tössscheidi in the Zurich Oberland . The river flows through the Töss valley towards the north and flows into the Rhine at Teufen an der Tössegg with an average water flow of almost 10 m³ / s .
geography
course
The landscapes around the 60 kilometer long river Töss are very different in the upper and lower valley areas. In the upper catchment area is the Tössbergland , into which the Töss and its side streams began to cut into the subsoil made up of Nagelfluh and sandstone ( Molasse ) during the Ice Age , which gave the Bergland freedom from ice . This is why a peculiar mountain world was created here with a very narrow main valley, but jagged side valleys and high terraces. The wild landscape, in whose wooded mountain solitude, among others, Tibetans have settled (e.g. in the area around Rikon , where the Tibet Institute Rikon , founded in 1968 is also located), today stands a little in contradiction to the "tamed" Töss, the the possibility of meandering was taken away by a river correction carried out in 1876 .
From Winterthur onwards , the landscape changes considerably. As a result of the work of the Ice Age glaciers, the gentler molasse hills alternate here with the wide valley floor filled with gravel and clay. The densely forested Tössbergland, which was hardly suitable for arable farming due to the strong and deep devastation, had remained a poor farming country until modern times, in which people could only earn extra income through rafting and charcoal making .
The lower Tösstal lies between Irchel and Dattenberg , the steep bank slopes form a traffic barrier. Due to its low location, agriculture could traditionally develop here and the sunlit slopes have provided a good basis for viticulture since ancient times .
Tributaries
The Töss has four tributaries with over 20 km² catchment area, one after the other
A more complete list of tributaries from origin to estuary with catchment areas follows:
Origin of the Töss at 796 m above sea level. M. northwest of the Tössstock near Tössscheid on the municipal border between Wald and Fischenthal
- Vordere Töss , left upper course, 3.6 km²; rises on the northern slope of the Schwarzenberg
- Rear Töss or Hindertöss , right upper course, 5.7 km²; rises on the southeast slope of the Schindelberghöchi
- Brüttenbach , from the right to almost 724 m above sea level. M. near Fischenthal-Ohrüti, 4.3 km²; rises on the western slope of the Schnebelhorn
- Mühlebach , from the left before Fischenthal- Steg in the Tösstal , 11.6 km²
- Fuchslochbach , from the right in Steg, 7.8 km²
- Tobelbach , from the right at Bauma- Hintertüfebach, 3.8 km²
- Kollerbach , from the left at Bauma-Seewadel, 3.4 km²
- Wissenbach , from the left in Bauma, 7.0 km²
- Lochbach , from the right in Bauma- Saland , 5.5 km²
- Steinenbach , from the right in front of Turbenthal - Tablat , 17.8 km²
- Chatzenbach , from the right in Turbenthal, 6.7 km²
- Tobelbach , from the left across from Zell - Rikon , 18.7 km²
- Bäntalbach , from the right at the beginning of Zell- Kollbrunn , 5.3 km²
- Wissenbach or Weissenbach , from the left across from Kollbrunn, 10.3 km²
- Bolsternbach , from the right at the end of Kollbrunn, 4.6 km²
- Beerentalbach , from the right near Winterthur - Sennhof , 1.8 km²
- Steintobelbach , from right to Sennhof, 1.2 km²
- Brüelbach , from the left northeast of Illnau-Effretikon - Kyburg , 1.2 km²
- Brandrütibach , from the left west of Kyburg, 2.2 km²
- Kempt , from the left across from the Winterthur riding arena , 62.5 km²
- Hinterer Chrebsbach , from right to the riding arena, 1.7 km²
- Eulach , from the right in Winterthur- Wülflingen , 73.6 km²
- Näfbach , from right to Neftenbach -Tössallmend, 36.2 km²
- Mülibach , from the left near Pfungen , 10.0 km²
- Torrent , from the left in Rorbas , 28.6 km²
places
Downstream order.
- Steg im Tösstal (village, mainly on the right)
- Bauma (village, mainly on the left)
- Saland (village, mainly on the left)
- Tablat (village, right)
- Wila (village, mainly on the left)
- Turbenthal (village, right)
- Zell (village, right)
- Rikon im Tösstal (village, mainly on the right)
- Kollbrunn (village, right)
- Sennhof (outside guard and district of the city of Winterthur, mainly on the right)
- Kyburg (village, left)
- City (city district of Winterthur, mainly on the right)
- Töss (city district of Winterthur, mainly on the left)
- Wülflingen (urban district of Winterthur)
- Neftenbach (village, right)
- Pfungen (village, left)
- Dättlikon (village, right)
- Embrach (village, left)
- Freienstein-Teufen (village, right)
- Rorbas (village, left)
history
Only the cotton spinning mill introduced in the 17th century created a good livelihood, which led to an increase in the population and thus greater settlement, so that this area developed into one of the most industrialized areas in Switzerland. The energy-giving Töss made it possible to operate cotton spinning mills, which, however, only slowly switched to factory work. From the middle of the 19th century onwards, the trend was reversed, namely that the mechanization of the weaving mill resulted in the depopulation of the mountain areas. Many of the vast forest areas of today go back to the afforestation of meadows and pastures at that time.
During the early industrialization , textile factories were built on the banks of the Töss, which operated their machines with water wheels and turbines. Around 1900 the factories were electrified and electricity was produced with the hydropower plants.
The river bed dries up in the section between Steg and Turbenthal because of the seepage after just a few days without rain and the river continues to flow there as a groundwater stream. Until the 19th century, the dried up river bed was used as a traffic route.
Today's district of Winterthur through which the river flows is named after the Töss, see Töss (Winterthur) .
bridges
On its way, the Töss is spanned by over 90 bridges, from the ingenious alluvial bridge to the historic steel truss bridges to the modern concrete bridge - these are the crossings in the Töss valley.
Web links
- River description for water trips
- Ueli Müller: Töss (river). In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Geoserver of the Swiss Federal Administration ( information )
- ↑ Topographical catchment areas of Swiss waters: sub-catchment areas 2 km². Retrieved June 9, 2019 .
- ↑ Measuring station Neftenbach 1921–2016 (PDF) Federal Office for the Environment FOEN
- ^ Hydrological Atlas of Switzerland of the Federal Office for the Environment FOEN, Table_54