Oststrasse underground station

East Street
	Subway station in Düsseldorf
	; One of the two platform halls
Basic data
District	City center
Opened	May 7, 1988
Tracks (platform)	4 (2 central platforms )
Coordinates	51 ° 13 '22 " N , 6 ° 47' 12" E Coordinates: 51 ° 13 '22 " N , 6 ° 47' 12" E
use
Stretch)	Main line 1 , main line 2
Line (s)	U 70 U 74 U 75 U 76 U 77 U 78 U 79
Switching options	,

The Oststraße underground station is a tunnel station on the Düsseldorf light rail system . It is located on the first and second trunk line in the city center of the North Rhine-Westphalian state capital Düsseldorf . At the beginning of the planning for the light rail, a link between this and the fourth trunk line was considered. The underground station built under Friedrich-Ebert-Strasse was opened to traffic on May 7, 1988 and has since opened up the Oststrasse shopping street, which gave the station its name, and is connected to the ones in Immermannstrasse and Friedrich-Ebert -Road tram and bus routes are also an important transfer point.

location

The inner city tunnel of the Düsseldorf Stadtbahn runs from the Steinstraße / Königsallee underground station, crossing Berliner Allee under Friedrich-Ebert-Straße to its intersection with Oststraße in the Oststraße underground station located there. The tunnel then continues under Bismarckstrasse to the main station .

The subway station itself is in a central location in downtown Düsseldorf. In the neighboring Immermannstrasse there are several Japanese shops and restaurants as well as a hotel belonging to a Japanese hotel group. Oststraße is a shopping street that leads north to Schadowstraße with several department stores and large shops.

history

The original plans for a Düsseldorf light rail network envisaged a network concept with four main routes. Two of these were realized with the first and second trunk lines combined in the inner city tunnel. The fourth trunk line should run through the Oststraße underground station in a north-south direction. This would have created another transfer station in the light rail network. However, the fourth underground level required for this was no longer taken into account in the construction work for the train station and the inner city tunnel between 1979 and 1988.

The shell of the station itself was completed in 1985 and opened to traffic on May 7, 1988.

Station complex

The station has three floors. The upper level (−1) accommodates the distribution levels and leads to the two lower levels. The second level (−2) has a central platform where the lines towards Heinrich-Heine-Allee stop. On the lowest level (−3), the trains in the direction of Düsseldorf Hauptbahnhof also stop at a central platform. Both platform levels have elevated platforms.

The entrances to the underground station are on both Friedrich-Ebert-Straße and Oststraße. In addition to several escalators and staircases, an elevator system also leads to the platforms, whereby the escalators and stairs are first brought together in two distribution rooms on the −1 level. From these two stairways with escalators lead to the middle level to the trains in the direction of Heinrich-Heine-Allee and to the lower level in the direction of the main station.

The Düsseldorf subway stations of the first, second and third generation all have almost the same design. The ceilings and walls, like the floor area, are kept dark. A metallic cladding surrounds the pillars in the middle of the platform, and the rest of the station furniture is silver. The beige walls provide a contrast to this restrained color scheme. The stop names are affixed above the information boards with black writing on a white background, on the walls they are in black writing on a white background, accompanied by wine-red lines above and below the writing.

traffic

The Oststraße underground station is located on the first and second trunk line of the Düsseldorf light rail network. All seven lines operating on these routes serve the station. In addition to the transfer options between the individual tram lines, there are transfer relationships to one tram and another four bus lines that stop at the stops on the surface along Immermannstraße and Friedrich-Ebert-Straße.

The neighboring cities on the left bank of the Rhine and the districts of Lörick , Heerdt and Oberkassel can be reached via the express line from Krefeld and the other supplementary lines from Meerbusch and Neuss . The neighboring city and the northern districts of Wittlaer , Kaiserswerth and Lohausen can be reached via the line from Duisburg . The line branching off in Stockum to the ESPRIT arena connects this as well as the Düsseldorf exhibition center . In the direction of the old town there is a connection to the central transfer point Heinrich-Heine-Allee. There you can change to several bus lines and the so-called Wehrhahn Line . Behind the Düsseldorf Hbf interchange station , which connects the Stadtbahn with the Rhein-Ruhr S-Bahn and other connections in regional and long-distance traffic, the southeastern districts of Lierenfeld , Eller , Oberbilk and Wersten are located in the further course of the first and second trunk lines , Holthausen and Benrath , as well as the Heinrich Heine University and the Botanical Garden .

With one exception, all light rail lines are served by the Düsseldorf Rheinbahn alone. This forms the U79 line, which is operated jointly with the Duisburger Verkehrsgesellschaft (DVG). For example, high-floor trams of the type B80C run on the U79 line operated by the Duisburger Verkehrsgesellschaft . In addition, as on all other lines, type B80D wagons, also high-floor, are used here. GT8SU vehicles - converted from GT8S trams - also run on the U75 line.

In the local transport plan 2002–2007 of the state capital Düsseldorf, the introduction of a new light rail line U80 is planned. For this, the construction of a bypass of the Düsseldorf exhibition center with a new underground station Messe-Süd is necessary. If this measure is to be implemented, the Oststraße underground station is intended as a stop on this line.

The planning approval procedure for trunk line 5 , on which the U81 is to travel from Düsseldorf Hbf via Heinrich-Heine-Allee and Freiligrathplatz to Düsseldorf Airport , has been running since September 2015 . A new bridge is to be built from Freiligrathplatz over the Nordstern and then a tunnel to the airport terminal with an underground station there. The city plans to start construction in late 2019 ^[obsolete] and commissioning in 2023 Template: future / in 3 years. This line is also supposed to stop at the Oststraße underground station.

The following light rail lines serve the underground station:

line	course	Tact
U 70	( Krefeld , Rheinstraße - Krefeld Hbf - Dießem - Königshof - Fischeln - KR-Fischeln, Grundend - Meerb. - Osterath , Hoterheide - Bovert - Haus Meer - Büderich , Landsknecht - D-Lörick - Prinzenallee - Belsenplatz - Tonhalle / Ehrenhof - U Heinrich -Heine-Allee - U Steinstraße / Königsallee - U Oststraße - U Düsseldorf Hbf ) High-floor operation of the Rheinbahn ; former K-Bahn ; additional express service to line U 76 during peak hours ; not all stops of the U 76 line are served.	20 min
U 74	( Meerb. - Osterath , Görgesheide ¹ - Hoterheide - Kamperweg - Bovert - Haus Meer ² - Forsthaus - Büderich , Landsknecht -) D-Lörick ³ - Löricker Straße - Lohweg - Prinzenallee - Heerdter Sandberg - Rheinbahnhaus ^4a - Belsenplatz ^4b - Barbarossaplatz - Luegplatz - Tonhalle / Ehrenhof - U Heinrich-Heine-Allee - U Steinstraße / Königsallee - U Oststraße - U Düsseldorf Hbf ⁵ - U Oberbilker Markt / Warschauer Straße - U Ellerstraße - U D-Oberbilk - Kaiserslautener Straße - Provinzialplatz - Werstener Dorfstraße - Opladener Straße - Ickerswarder Straße - Elbruchstraße - D-Holthausen ⁶ High-floor operation of the Rheinbahn ; Line belongs to the Düsseldorf night network ; Section 1-3: Sa 8-15 pm every 30 min and MF in the morning HVZ twice 3-6; Sections 3–6: different frequency Mon – Fri 9–11 p.m., Sat 8–11 p.m. and Sun 1–3 p.m. every 15 minutes, Sat – Sun 0–4 a.m., Sat 5–7 p.m. and Sun 9 a.m. – 1 p.m. ( and 5–9 am in section 4a / b-6) every 30 min; Non-stop trains between Krefeld and D-Holthausen Mon – Fri 9–11 p.m., Sat 8–23 p.m. and Sun 1–3 p.m. from Krefeld from 3 am as U 74 and from Holthausen from 5 as U 76.	20 min (3–6)
U 75	Neuss Hbf ¹ - Blücherstraße - NE Am Kaiser - D-Heerdt , Vogesenstraße - Handweiser - Aldekerkstraße - Heesenstraße - Nikolaus-Knopp-Platz - Dominikus-Krankenhaus - Drusustraße - Belsenplatz - Barbarossaplatz - Luegplatz - Tonhalle / Ehrenhof - U Heinrich-Heine-Allee - U Steinstraße / Königsallee - U Oststraße - U Düsseldorf Hbf - U Handelszentrum / Moskauer Straße - U Kettwiger Straße - Ronsdorfer Straße - Lierenfeld , depot - Schlesische Straße - Jägerstraße - D-Eller Mitte - Alt Eller - D-Eller, Vennhauser Allee ³ High-floor operation of the Rheinbahn ; Line belongs to the Düsseldorf night network ; Different frequency: Sa 5 am–8pm, Sun 1–8pm every 15 minutes, Mo – Fr 9–0pm (from August 29, 2018, before 8pm), Sa 6–9am and Sun 9am – 1pm all 20 min, Sun 5–9 am, sections 1–2 every 30 minutes and sections 2–3 every 15 minutes	10 min
U 76	Krefeld , Rheinstraße - Krefeld Hbf - Dießem - Königshof - Fischeln - KR-Fischeln, Grundend - Osterath , Görgesheide - Hoterheide - Kamperweg - Bovert - Haus Meer - Forsthaus - Büderich , Landsknecht - Düsseldorf - Lörick - Löricker Straße - Lohweg - Prinzenallee - Heerdter Sandberg - Rheinbahnhaus - Belsenplatz - Barbarossaplatz - Luegplatz - Tonhalle / Ehrenhof - U Heinrich-Heine-Allee - U Steinstraße / Königsallee - U Oststraße - U Düsseldorf Hbf ← U D-Handelszentrum / Moskauer Straße High-floor operation of the Rheinbahn ; former K-Bahn ; In the Düsseldorf night network only one trip to Krefeld and back to Belsenplatz; A special timetable applies during the school holidays. Different frequency: Mon – Fri 9:00 p.m. and Sat – Sun every 30 min. Non-stop trains between Krefeld and D-Holthausen Mon – Fri 9–11 p.m., Sat 8–11 p.m. and Sun 1–11 p.m. from Lörick as U 74 bis Holthausen, back and from Düsseldorf Hbf (Handelszentrum / Moskauer Straße is not served) again as U 76.	20 min
U 77	( D-Lörick , Am Seestern - Prinzenallee - Heerdter Sandberg - Rheinbahnhaus - Belsenplatz - Barbarossaplatz - Luegplatz - Tonhalle / Ehrenhof - U Heinrich-Heine-Allee - U Steinstraße / Königsallee - U Oststraße - U Düsseldorf Hbf ⁵ - U Oberbilker Markt / Warschauer Street - U Ellerstraße - U D-Oberbilk - Kaiserslautener Straße - Provinzialplatz - Werstener Dorfstraße - Opladener Straße - Ickerswarder Straße - Elbruchstraße - D-Holthausen ) High-floor operation of the Rheinbahn ; Operates only Mon – Fri 5 am–8pm and every 30 minutes on Sat 7 am–8pm	20 min
U 78	Merkur Spiel-Arena / Messe Nord (← Sportpark Nord / Europaplatz ) - Mörikestrasse - Freiligrathplatz - Messe Ost / Stockumer Kirchstrasse - Nordpark / Aquazoo - Reeser Platz - Theodor-Heuss-Brücke - Golzheimer Platz - Kennedydamm - U Victoriaplatz / Klever Strasse - U Nordstraße - U Heinrich-Heine-Allee - U Steinstraße / Königsallee - U Oststraße - U Düsseldorf Hbf High-floor operation of the Rheinbahn ; Line does not belong to the Düsseldorf night network. Different frequency: Mon – Fri 7–8pm, Sat – Sun 8am – 8pm every 15 minutes, daily 8–10pm every 30 minutes; Operation of the Sportpark Nord / Europaplatz stop Mon – Sat 8 am–8pm and Sun 9 am–8pm every 30 minutes, but not on trade fair days and events in the arena; On trade fair days, the line also runs Saturday and Sunday from 7:30 a.m. every 10 minutes.	10 min
U 79	( U DU-Meiderich Bf ¹ - U Auf dem Damm -) U Duissern ² - U Duisburg Hbf - U König-Heinrich-Platz - U Steinsche Gasse - Platanenhof - Musfeldstrasse - Kremerstrasse - Karl-Jarres-Strasse - Grunewald - Grunewald depot - Kulturstraße - Im Schlenk - Waldfriedhof - Münchener Straße - Sittardsberg - Mühlenkamp - St. Anna Hospital - Angerbogen (never opened) - DU-Kesselsberg ³ - D-Froschenteich - Wittlaer ⁴ - Am Mühlenacker - Kalkumer Schlossallee - Klemensplatz - Kittelbachstraße - Alte Landstraße - Lohausen - Freiligrathplatz - Messe Ost / Stockumer Kirchstraße - Nordpark / Aquazoo - Reeser Platz - Theodor-Heuss-Brücke - Golzheimer Platz - Kennedydamm - U Victoriaplatz / Klever Straße - U Nordstraße - U Heinrich-Heine-Allee - U Steinstraße / Königsallee - U Oststraße - U Düsseldorf Hbf ⁵ (- U Oberbilker Markt / Warschauer Straße - U Ellerstraße - U D-Oberbilk - Kaiserslauterner Straße - Provinzialplatz - Werstener Dorfstraße - Südpark - D-Universität Ost / Botanical Garden ⁶ ) High-floor operation of the Rheinbahn and DVG ; former D-Bahn ; Sections 4–5 belong to the Düsseldorf night network ; A special timetable applies during the school holidays. 10-minute intervals in the section 1-4 during the HVZ 15-minute intervals in the section 2-6 Sat 5-19 pm and in Section 4-5 Mon-Fri 21-0 pm (from 08.29.2018, before 8 p.m. to midnight), Sat 8 p.m. to midnight and Sun 5 a.m. to midnight, intervals of 30 minutes in section 2–6 Mon – Fri 7–10 p.m. and Sat 7–8 p.m. and in section 1–2 Sat 9 a.m. And Sun 12 pm–7pm	15 min (1–3) 10/20 min (3–4) 10 min (4–6)

You can change to the following bus lines and night bus lines:

line	Line course
737	Düsseldorf Hbf ¹ - Oststraße - Wehrhahn-Center - Pempelforter Straße - D-Wehrhahn - Uhlandstraße - Lindemannstraße ² - Flingern , Daimlerstraße (Rosmarinstraße) - Gerresheim , Torbruchstraße - Schönaustraße - Morper Straße - D-Gerresheim ³ - Knuppertsbrück - Unterbach , Friedhof - Am Zault - Erkrath-Unterfeldhaus , Neuenhausplatz ⁴Mon – Fri 5 am–7pm every 20 minutes; Mon – Fri 8–9 p.m., Sat 6 a.m. – 8 p.m., Sun 9 a.m. – 8 p.m. every 30 minutes; Section 1–3 Mon – Fri 9–11 p.m., Sat – Sun 8–23 p.m. every 60 min; Section 3–4 Mon – Fri 9–11 p.m., Sat – Sun 8–23 p.m. every 30 min, Sat – Sun 0–1 a.m., Sun 8–9 a.m. every 60 min; further stops only in sections 2–4
752	Mülheim Hbf - MH-Stadtmitte - Schloß Broich - MH-Saarn , Friedrich-Freye-Straße; - MH-Selbeck , Stooter Straße - Ratingen - Breitscheid , Krummenweg - Lintorf , Friedhof - Am Kämpchen - Rehhecke - Lintorf, Rathaus - Tiefenbroicher Straße - ( Ratingen-Tiefenbroich , Annastraße - Ratingen , Kaiserswerther Straße - Ratingen-West , Dieselstraße - Eckampstraße - Düsseldorf , Neu- Lichtenbroich - ) Mörsenbroich , Heinrichstraße - D-Derendorf - Pempelfort , Münsterstraße / fire station - city center , Jacobistraße ( Pempelforter Straße , 200 m ) - Oststraße - Düsseldorf Hbf
754	Ratingen - Lintorf , Siemensstraße - Rehhecke - Lintorf, Rathaus - Tiefenbroicher Straße - Ratingen-Tiefenbroich , Annastraße - Kaiserswerther Straße - Ratingen-West , Dieselstraße - Eckampstraße - Düsseldorf , Neu- Lichtenbroich - Mörsenbroich , Heinrichstraße - D-Derendorf - Pempelfort , Münsterstraße / Fire station - city center , Jacobistraße ( Pempelforter Straße , 200 m) - Oststraße - Düsseldorf Hbf
SB 55	Düsseldorf Hbf - Stadtmitte , Oststraße - Jacobistraße ( Pempelforter Straße , 200 m) - Pempelfort , Münsterstraße / Feuerwache - Derendorf - Mörsenbroich , Heinrichstraße ¹ - Ratingen - Lintorf , Tiefenbroicher Straße ² - Lintorf, Rathaus - Rehhecke - Lintorf, Siemensstraße HVZ approx 20 min (with line 752), Mon – Fri also in the evening and Sat only during the day every 60 min; Section 1–2 on the B 1 / A 52 ; Further stops only in Lintorf; during peak hours , line 752 runs the same route; The section to the Motor Hotel has not been served since 2012.
805	Heerdt , Handweiser - Nikolaus-Knopp-Platz - Viersener Straße - Lohweg - Belsenplatz - Heinrich-Heine-Allee - Düsseldorf main station - commercial center - Lierenfelder Straße Night traffic from Sun / Mon to Thu / Fri; from Heinrich-Heine-Allee 1:14, 1:44, 3:24, 3:44 a.m. to Heerdt and 0:46, 1:46 and 3:11 a.m. to Lierenfeld
817	Heinrich-Heine-Allee - Düsseldorf Hbf - Oberbilk - Wersten - Holthausen - Benrath - Benrath Depot night traffic from Sun / Mon to Thu / Fri; from Heinrich-Heine-Allee 0:53, 1:53 and from the Benrath depot 0:07, 1:07 and 2:57
NE 1	Düsseldorf Hbf → Oststraße → Jacobistraße → Schloss Jägerhof → Pempelfort → Spichernplatz → Unterrath → Neu-Lichtenbroich → Unterrath → Spichernplatz → Pempelfort → Schloss Jägerhof → Jacobistraße → Oststraße → Düsseldorf Hbf
NE 3	Düsseldorf Hbf → Oststraße → Steinstraße / Königsallee → Heinrich-Heine-Allee → Jacobistraße → Wehrhahn → Düsseltal → Mörsenbroich Heinrichstraße → Rath Mitte → Rath, Wittener Straße → Reichswaldallee → Oberrath → Wilhelm-Raabe-Weg → Mörsenbroich Heinrichstraße → Düsseltal → Wehrhahn → Jacobistraße → Charlottenstrasse / Oststrasse → Düsseldorf Hbf

You can change to the following tram lines and night bus lines:

Charlottenstrasse / Oststrasse
line	Line course
707	D-Unterrath ¹ - Unterrath , Eckenerstraße - Großmarkt - Johannstraße - Derendorf, Spichernplatz - Pempelfort , Dreieck ² ← Venloer Straße - Marienhospital - Pempelfort, Jägerhof Palace - city center , Jacobistraße ³ ( Pempelforter Straße , 200 m) - city center, Charlottenstraße / Oststraße - Central station - Friedrichstadt , Helmholtzstraße - Morsestraße - Bilker Allee / Friedrichstraße ( D-Bilk , 200–300 m) - Unterbilk , Bilker Church - Franziusstraße - Speditionstraße - Medienhafen, Kesselstraße ⁴ Operates at the standard frequency of the Düsseldorf trams, but every Saturday 9am to 8pm 10 min; further stops only in sections 1–2 and 3–4, but all transfer stops are listed.
NE 3	Düsseldorf Hbf → Oststraße → Steinstraße / Königsallee → Heinrich-Heine-Allee → Jacobistraße → Wehrhahn → Düsseltal → Mörsenbroich Heinrichstraße → Rath Mitte → Rath, Wittener Straße → Reichswaldallee → Oberrath → Wilhelm-Raabe-Weg → Mörsenbroich Heinrichstraße → Düsseltal → Wehrhahn → Jacobistraße → Charlottenstrasse / Oststrasse → Düsseldorf Hbf
NE 4	Düsseldorf Hbf → Charlottenstraße / Oststraße → Heinrich-Heine-Allee → Jacobistraße → Pempelforter Straße → Wehrhahn → Uhlandstraße → Grafenberg → Gerresheim Rathaus → Gerresheim Morper Straße → Gerresheim Torfbruchstraße → Lierenfeld → Worringer Platz → Düsseldorf Hbf
NE 5	Düsseldorf Hbf → Worringer Platz → Lierenfeld → Gerresheim Torfbruchstraße → Gerresheim Rathaus → Grafenberg → Uhlandstraße → Wehrhahn → Pempelforter Straße → Jacobistraße → Heinrich-Heine-Allee → Jacobistraße → Charlottenstraße / Oststraße → Düsseldorf Hbf
NE 7	Düsseldorf Hbf → Oststrasse → Steinstrasse → Benrather Strasse → Graf-Adolf-Platz → Kirchplatz → Bilk → Merowingerplatz → Uni-Kliniken → Südpark → University → Himmelgeist → Itter → Holthausen → Reisholz - Reisholz → Hassels → Urdenbacher Allee → Urdenbach, Südallee → Benrath → Urdenbacher Allee → Benrath Palace → Holthausen → University → Südpark → Uni-Kliniken → Merowingerplatz → Bilk → Kirchplatz → Graf-Adolf-Platz → Benrather Straße → Heinrich-Heine-Allee → Jacobistraße → Charlottenstraße / Oststraße → Düsseldorf Hbf

Additional information

Logo of the Rhein-Ruhr Stadtbahn

literature

Friedhelm Blennemann: U-Bahn and light rail in Germany planning construction operation . alba, Düsseldorf 1975, ISBN 3-87094-304-1
Christoph Groneck, Paul Lohkemper, Robert Schwandl: Rhein-Ruhr Stadtbahn Album 1 . Robert Schwandl Verlag, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-936573-06-9
Fritz D. Kegel: U-Bahn in Germany planning construction operation . alba, Düsseldorf 1971

Web links

Commons : U-Bahnhof Oststraße - Collection of images

Line map Düsseldorf (PDF; 2.5 MB)
Barrier-free route map Düsseldorf (PDF; 2.4 MB)

Individual evidence

↑ Rheinbahn AG two-story to the main station ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ,@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.rheinbahn.de As of December 6, 2007

↑ Rheinbahn AG line plan Düsseldorf ( Memento of the original from March 22, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2 archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. As of December 6, 2007

^ Office for Traffic Management State Capital Düsseldorf: Local Transport Plan 2002–2007 , Düsseldorf 2003, p. 120

^ U81 urban railway - project data. In: duesseldorf.de. State capital Düsseldorf, accessed on March 2, 2019 .

^ U81 / 1. BA Freiligrathplatz to the airport terminal. (PDF) Office for Traffic Management State Capital Düsseldorf, September 11, 2015, accessed on March 3, 2016 .

Previous station	Düsseldorf light rail	Next station
Steinstraße / Königsallee ← Neuss main station	U 75 D-NE	Düsseldorf Hbf Eller, Vennhauser Allee →
Steinstrasse / Königsallee ← Stockum , Duisburg	U 78 U 79 D-Bahn	Düsseldorf Hbf D'dorf Hbf , Wersten →
Steinstrasse / Königsallee ← Krefeld, Meerbusch, Am Seestern	U 70 U 74 U 76 U 77 K-Bahn	Düsseldorf Hbf D'dorf Hbf , Holthausen, Oberbilk →

[Die_Rheinbahn_–_Ein_historischer_Überblick-1] Rheinbahn AG two-story to the main station ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ,@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.rheinbahn.de As of December 6, 2007

[Linienplan-2] Rheinbahn AG line plan Düsseldorf ( Memento of the original from March 22, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2 archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. As of December 6, 2007

[3] Office for Traffic Management State Capital Düsseldorf: Local Transport Plan 2002–2007 , Düsseldorf 2003, p. 120

[4] U81 urban railway - project data. In: duesseldorf.de. State capital Düsseldorf, accessed on March 2, 2019 .

[5] U81 / 1. BA Freiligrathplatz to the airport terminal. (PDF) Office for Traffic Management State Capital Düsseldorf, September 11, 2015, accessed on March 3, 2016 .