Winging

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Winging
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Exit station A
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Separation station B
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Destination stations C and D

As flights averaging or wings in which is jargon the scheduled time of separating a combined train referred to achieve different terminal stations, and reunification on the return trip. The term train division is also used for this process .

term

Wing trains are made up of two or more multiple units or push-pull trains that run together on part of the route. Occasionally they are also formed as locomotive- hauled carriage trains . A distinction is made between wing trains of:

  • the strengths and weaknesses to adapt trains to fluctuations in demand within a day or on part of the route;
  • individual through coaches or through coach groups, which consist of passenger coaches and which in sections have a route that deviates from the rest of the train. If such a group of through wagons drives to their destination outside of the main train, one speaks of a wing train - as with winged multiple units . For example, a wing train to Munich was introduced at TEE Rheingold in 1983 . The Alex leads wing trains to Prague and Lindau.

business

Optimal separation station
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Source:

With the help of the wing concept, different destinations can be freely offered. The combined journey of several trains saves train paths and personnel on part of the route . So that the wing can be done in a short time, wing trains are equipped with an automatic coupling that is operated by the driver at the push of a button. In order to enable the two parts of the train to be separated and united within two to four minutes, several conditions must be met:

  • Both branches lead parallel into the separation station and unite at the middle of the platform so that both parts of the train can enter the station almost simultaneously.
  • The separation station is equipped with intermediate or track section signals. Such an arrangement is known in Germany as a passenger system. The second part of the train covers the short journey from the intermediate or track section signal to the front part of the train on sight . Without such signaling, the entry speed would have to be limited to 20 km / h by the entry signal due to the lack of a slip path .
  • The exit signal is already on the way when the first part of the train arrives, so that the two combined parts of the train can exit at top speed without being slowed down by the train control .
  • The switch at which the two branches separate is located directly behind the platform and is secured with the exit signal . As a result, the second part of the train can already follow when the front part of the train has left the platform area.
  • Wings are not possible if the branch station is designed as a wedge station .
Passenger information of a train that is winged during the journey

A wing concept places special demands on passenger information. It should be conveyed visually and acoustically which part of the train is going where and where the train is divided. There is often no reference to wings in electronic timetables . At the stations, the passenger must be informed which part of the train he should board if he continues to travel via the separation station. If the platforms are divided into sectors A, B, C, ..., passengers can position themselves accordingly on the platform before the train arrives. The train destination indicators on the outside of the vehicles as well as inside the wagons provide additional orientation aid . For the announcement shortly before the separation station, selective announcements for each of the two parts of the train are optimal.

Examples

Germany

Long-distance transport

Two coupled ICE units that can be winged and continue as individual trains in different directions.
Coupling of two ICE single trains at Leipzig Central Station

The wing train concept was already used in the express railcar network of the Deutsche Reichsbahn in the 1930s. The trains united from Berlin to Nuremberg were separated there in wings to Stuttgart and to Munich . The same procedure was followed on the Berlin - Cologne line : there both parts ran to Hamm (Westphalia) , after which one part drove via Hagen and Wuppertal , the other via Dortmund , Essen and Düsseldorf to Cologne.

This is also currently practiced, especially since the introduction of the half-train concept with the second and third series of the Intercity-Express . The trains of line 10, which runs every hour during the day, are winged in Hamm. For passengers to Cologne, this saves a considerable amount of time, as the part of the train going there bypasses the Ruhr area south via Hagen. The other part of the train goes to Cologne / Bonn Airport and stops at four other train stations in the Ruhr area. Another example is the north-south line 25 from Munich, which is winged in Hanover main station . The front part goes to Hamburg , the rear part to Bremen and on the edge of the day beyond to Oldenburg .

Occasionally, locomotive- hauled intercity sets are also winged. On Fridays, for example, an Intercity operates from Frankfurt am Main to Fulda , where the train is split and the corresponding train sections continue to Leipzig and Berlin via Hanover . The second locomotive required for this already runs from Frankfurt in the middle of the train, which means there is no need for laborious shunting in Fulda.

Local transport

The 610 series made two German premieres in 1992: the first train with tilting technology and the first regional wing trains

In public transport - so the multiple units and push-pull trains can be automatically coupled - the same procedure is used. The wing is used by many railway companies that use LINT multiple units that have been specially designed for wing operation. Sometimes conventional double-decker coaches are used for winging, if this is possible without great effort. The wing was started in 1992 with the " Pendolino " regional express train with tilting technology from Nuremberg to Bayreuth and to Hof .

There are applications of wing pull concepts in all regions of Germany:

Austria

Two-part Railjet in Vienna's Westbahnhof. Snow and ice are a particular challenge for the automatic clutch when winging.

A number of ÖBB Railjet connections from Innsbruck and Munich will be combined in Salzburg and shared in Vienna. One part goes to Vienna Airport, the other to Budapest Keleti. The wing principle is also used in the S-Bahn systems in Vienna and Styria . In Vienna, many S-Bahn trains are increasingly being run to Floridsdorf, and from Floridsdorf only as short trains . Since December 2017, two REX trains have been running between Vienna FJB and Gmünd / České Velenice based on the same principle. The trains leave Vienna with 2 railcars and drive to Sigmundsherberg, where one of the two units is uncoupled.

With the S-Bahn Steiermark, regional express trains from Graz in the direction of Leoben and on to Unzmarkt or Selzthal in Leoben are divided into these same parts. On weekends, all trains to Lieboch run on S-Bahn lines 7 and 61 as a double traction and are then divided.

Switzerland

Wing train of the Bernese Oberland Railway to Lauterbrunnen and Grindelwald, which is divided into Zweilütschinen.

From Bern alone there are four BLS lines that are operated with the wing pull system:

The Bernese Oberland Railway leaves Interlaken Ost station with two connected train sections that are winged in Zweilütschinen : one section leads to Lauterbrunnen , the other to Grindelwald . In the departure table of the Interlaken Ost train station, the wing trains are entered as two separate trains that run on the same track but in different sectors.

The SBB use the wing pull concept in the Jura. Trains coming from Biel Sonceboz - Sombeval will be separated into two parts. One part of the train continues to La Chaux-de-Fonds , the other to Tavannes - Malleray - Bévilard .

From 2019 operates Rhaetian Railway the Davoser- and Vereina the Flügelzugkonzept. The trains coming from Landquart are winged in Klosters and run to Davos and through the Vereina tunnel to St. Moritz .

Great Britain

Class 156 Sprinter multiple units. The advantage of the Sprinter, which is inherently less comfortable for longer journeys, lies in the transition, which - automatically moving together when the coupling is made - offers the possibility of going through the entire train while it is in motion.

Wing trains are also used on the West Highland Line , which leaves Glasgow in a northerly direction. The class 156 Sprinter multiple units leave Glasgow Queen Street as a double or triple unit and are separated in Crianlarich according to the destination stations Oban or Fort William / Mallaig , with the train to Oban being realized by the first or the first two units. The rear (or the two rear) unit (s) later continue towards Mallaig. When you return, the southern part of the train from Mallaig (which is the front in the direction of travel) first enters the station, followed by the train from Oban.

In the north of Wales, "Sprinter" multiple unit wing trains also operate on the Cambrian Line between Birmingham New Street and Aberystwyth or Pwllheli . The route actually splits at Dovey Junction, but the trains come earlier in Machynlleth , a station with a much larger number of passengers.

Also in the south of England wing trains run regularly u. a. on the Brighton Main Line between London Victoria and various destinations on the West Coastway line . This means that more and more targeted trains can travel to and from London on the route along the coast without further straining the route between London and Brighton, which is already close to its capacity.

Illustration of a wing

The following pictures show the wings of an SBB train in the Bernese Jura :

  • The composition, consisting of the RABe 526 282 and RABe 526 265, arrive at the Sonceboz-Sombeval station .

  • After the coupling between the two trains has been released, the front train RABe 526 282 continues its journey to Malleray - Bévilard .

  • While the front part of the train drives off, the rear RABe 526 265 remains in the station for a short time.

  • The departure indicator indicates that the front part of the train is traveling to Tavannes- Malleray-Bévilard.

  • Two minutes after the departure of the front part of the train, the rear part leaves Sonceboz-Sombeval station for La Chaux-de-Fonds .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Walter von Andrian: Wing multiple units for the RhB. In: Swiss Railway Review . No. 8–9 / 2016. Minirex, ISSN  1022-7113 , pp. 400-402.
  2. ↑ a b c Beat Bolliger: wings. On: SBB Stories. All about the SBB. February 26, 2013
  3. ↑
    Wiktionary: train allocation  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations
  4. ↑ Jörg Schäfer: Does the train need wings? A plea for the renaissance of the course car. Study March 2008. On the website of Jörg Schäfer (PDF; 3.2 MB)
  5. ^ Mathias Rellstab, Walter von Andrian: Eight and four-part flirt for the Voralpen-Express. In: Swiss Railway Review. No. 8–9 / 2016. Pp. 586-388.
  6. ↑ Christoph Dauwalder, Ruedi Beutler, Mike Fassbind: Equipping Domino vehicles with automatic train couplings. In: Swiss Railway Review. No. 11/2010. Pp. 573-575.
  7. ^ Daniel Ammann: through car - a "forgotten" way of traveling by train. In: Semaphore - Classics of the Railways Issue No. 49, 2016 (PDF; 2.7 MB)
  8. ↑ a b c d e Dominik Sommerer: Faster wings. In: Eisenbahn-Revue International . No. 2/2013. Pp. 93-94. On Dominik Sommerer's website (PDF; 0.4 MB)
  9. ↑ a b Dominik Sommerer: Optimal passenger information for wing trains. In: Eisenbahn-Revue International . No. 5/2011. Minirex, ISSN  1421-2811 , pp. 258-259. On Dominik Sommerer's website (PDF; 0.5 MB)
  10. ↑ Ulrich Maschek: Securing rail traffic: Basics and planning of control and safety technology . Vieweg + Teubner Verlag, ISBN 978-3-8348-2070-9 , p. 108 .
  11. ↑ Yves Marclay: every half hour on the Martigny - Le Châble / Orsières route. In: Swiss Railway Review. No. 3/2018. Pp. 162-164.
  12. ↑ ICE 2: The flexible one. On the website of DB Vertrieb GmbH, accessed on December 20, 2018
  13. ↑ Route network. On the HarzElbeExpress website, accessed on December 20, 2018
  14. ^ The Fugger Express between Munich and Augsburg. On the website of DB Vertrieb GmbH, accessed on December 20, 2018
  15. ↑ Graphic wings S-Bahn Stuttgart. VVS, accessed on January 1, 2020 .
  16. ↑ Richard Fuchs: Wing Concept - Separating and Unifying. On the RegionalStadtBahn (RSB) website, accessed on December 20, 2018
  17. ^ Mathias Rellstab: Insufficient customer information for wing pulls. In: Swiss Railway Review. No. 4/2014. Pp. 202-203.
  18. ↑ RE Luzern Wolhusen – Bern from December 11th as a wing train (2 destinations) on the way: Be careful when boarding. At www.bahnonline.ch, accessed on December 20, 2018
  19. ↑ Your station, your stop. The public transport connections of your stop (enter your stop: "Interlaken Ost"). On the BLS AG website, accessed on December 20, 2018
  20. ↑ SBB is modernizing its existing vehicle fleet ( memento from July 11, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ). In: sbb.ch. February 9, 2010, accessed on April 10, 2018 (SBB press release on the wing train concept in the Jura).
  21. ↑ multiple wing units. Out and about individually and together. On the Rhaetian Railway website, accessed on December 20, 2018
  22. ^ Estimates of station usage. Office of Rail and Road, accessed July 20, 2017 .