Heinrich Srbik

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Heinrich Ritter von Srbik , from 1919 Heinrich Srbik (born November 10, 1878 in Vienna , † February 16, 1951 in Ehrwald , Tyrol ), was an Austrian historian .

Live and act

Heinrich Ritter von Srbik studied at the University of Vienna and in 1898 became a member of the Association of German Students Gothia . In 1901 he was promoted to Dr. phil. PhD. The University of Graz appointed him associate professor for general history in 1912 , and in 1917 full professor for modern history and economic history. In 1922 he moved to the Vienna Chair for Modern History. His students included the writer Heimito von Doderer , the later Chancellor Josef Klaus and the historian Taras Borodajkewycz . Hellmuth Rössler completed his habilitation with him.

Srbik's work on Klemens Wenzel Lothar von Metternich is still considered a standard work. He coined the term " Metternich system ". Srbik saw Metternich as a conservative from pre-revolutionary times who aimed at the defense of the monarchical-class against the revolutionary-egalitarian principle. Even if he propagated the “pure monarchy” and rejected the constitutional system, after Srbik he was also an enemy of arbitrary monarchy. For Metternich, this was rather tied to the law. From October 16, 1929 to September 30, 1930, Srbik held the office of Austrian Minister of Education in Johann Schober's cabinet .

Srbik in the recording studio (1930)

He was a member of the anti-Semitic professors' clique “ Bärenhöhle ”, whose secret work made it difficult for Jewish and leftist scholars to obtain a habilitation or appointment at the Philosophical Faculty of the University of Vienna, which at that time comprised all humanities and natural sciences .

Srbik stood for an “all-German view of history”. Correspondence exists between him and Arthur Seyß-Inquart on the idea of the German Reich . In a speech on April 27, 1938, he welcomed the " Anschluss of Austria " (called Ostmark) as the "realization of the Germans' millennial dream".

At the beginning of the National Socialist rule in Austria from 1938 to 1945 Srbik joined the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP). The party honored him by assigning a low membership number as "old party comrades" and being accepted into the NSDAP faction in the Greater German Reichstag . However, he did not correspond to the classic image of a combative National Socialist. The Gauschulungsamt Vienna noted: “No active participation in the local group” and: “He rejects an assessment of racial driving forces in history.” The Rosenberg office assessed him as follows on September 11, 1942: “As a researcher and character not objectionable. However, his view of history is based too much on the universal idea of ​​the empire ”.

From 1938 to 1945, Srbik was President of the Austrian Academy of Sciences . He tried to preserve the academy's scientific freedom and did not shy away from conflicts with Nazi authorities. As z. For example, when the NSDAP Reich Press Office objected to the name “Archive for Austrian History”, Srbik successfully defended this name. In 1936 he was accepted as a corresponding member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences . From 1937 to 1946 he was a member of the Senate of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society . From 1942 to 1945 he was also President of the Historical Commission at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences .

In 1945, after the Second World War , Srbik was briefly imprisoned in France and lost his professorship because of his work during the Nazi era in Ehrwald, where he lived. In 1951, Srbik was under discussion as a candidate of the Association of Independents for the election of the Federal President of Austria . However, Srbik died before an eventual nomination.

Srbik was married to a daughter of Anton Nissl . The officer and glaciologist Robert von Srbik was his twin brother.

Honors

Fonts

  • Wallenstein's end. Causes, course and consequences of the disaster . Seidel & Sohn, Vienna 1920.
  • Metternich. The statesman and the person , 2 vols. Munich 1925, vol. 3: Metternich. The statesman and the man. Source publications and literature. A selection overview from 1925–1952 . Bruckmann, Munich undated [1954].
  • The Austrian Empire and the end of the Holy Roman Empire 1804–1806 . German Publishing Society for Politics and History, Berlin 1927.
  • Sources on German politics in Austria 1859–1866 , 5 vols., Stalling, Oldenburg 1934–1938.
  • German unity. Idea and Reality from the Holy Kingdom to Königgrätz , 4 vols., Bruckmann, Munich 1935–1942.
  • Austria in German history . Bruckmann, Munich 1936.
  • The margarita philosophica by Gregor Reisch († 1525). A contribution to the history of natural science in Germany. In: Memorandum of the Academy of Sciences in Vienna, mathematical and natural science class. Volume 104, 1941, pp. 83-205.
  • From Austria's past. From Prince Eugene to Franz Joseph . Müller, Salzburg 1949.
  • Spirit and history from German humanism to the present . F. Bruckmann and Otto Müller, Munich and Salzburg 1950.

literature

  • Josef Pasteiner: Heinrich Ritter von Srbik's all-German view of history and its contribution to the theory of history . Diss. Univ. Vienna 1980.
  • Michael Derndarsky: Austria and "German Unity". Studies on Heinrich von Srbik and his all-German view of history. Unprinted habilitation paper, Klagenfurt 1989.
  • Fritz Fellner , Doris A. Corradini: Austrian History in the 20th Century. A biographical-bibliographical lexicon (= publications of the Commission for Modern History of Austria , Volume 99), Vienna 2006, ISBN 3-205-77476-0 , p. 385 f.
  • Fritz Fellner:  Srbik, Heinrich Ritter von. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 24, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-428-11205-0 , pp. 773-775 ( digitized version ).
  • Fritz Fellner: Heinrich Ritter von Srbik (1878-1951). In: Hartmut Lehmann , James J. Sheehan (Eds.): Paths of Continuity. Central European Historiography from the 1930s to the 1950s. Washington DC 1994, pp. 171-186.
  • Helmut Reinalter : Heinrich Ritter von Srbik. In: Hans-Ulrich Wehler : German historians . Vol. 8, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1982, ISBN 3-525-33467-2 , pp. 78-95.
  • All-German past. Commemoration for Heinrich Ritter von Srbik on the occasion of his 60th birthday on November 10, 1938. Munich 1938.
  • Franz Graf-Stuhlhofer : opportunists, sympathizers and officials. Support of the Nazi system in the Vienna Academy of Sciences, represented by the work of Nadler, Srbik and Master. (= Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift 110 (1998) issue 4–5; special issue on the 60th anniversary of the expulsion of Jewish colleagues from the Vienna medical faculty ), pp. 152–157.
  • Jürgen Kämmerer (Ed.): Heinrich Ritter von Srbik. The historian's scientific correspondence 1912–1945. Boppard am Rhein 1988, ISBN 3-7646-1872-8 .
  • Karen Schönwälder : Heinrich von Srbik. “All-German” historian and “shop steward” of National Socialist Germany. In: Doris Kaufmann (Ed.): History of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society in National Socialism. Inventories and perspectives of research. Göttingen 2000, pp. 528-544.
  • Jan Zimmermann: The FVS Foundation's Culture Awards 1935–1945. Presentation and documentation. Hamburg 2000 (to Srbik as the winner of the “Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Prize” from 1935, intended for the “Bavarian tribes of the Alpine region” and as a member of the board of trustees of the “Prince Eugene of Savoy Prize”).
  • Martina Pesditschek: Heinrich (Ritter von) Srbik (1878–1951). "Until my death, my love belongs to my family, the German people, my Austrian homeland and my students." In: Karel Hruza (Ed.): Austrian Historians. CVs and careers 1900–1945. Volume 2. Böhlau Verlag, Vienna-Cologne-Weimar 2012, ISBN 978-3-205-78764-8 , pp. 263–328.

Obituaries

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ The title was made bourgeois on the basis of the "Law on the Abolition of the Nobility, Secular Knights and Ladies Orders and Certain Titles and Dignities" of the Republic of Austria (Nobility Repeal Act ) of April 3, 1919 with effect from April 10, 1919.
  2. ↑ Srbik used his former title after 1919 as an artist name, so that he was later named “v. Srbik ”published.
  3. ↑ Martina Pesditschek: Heinrich (Ritter von) Srbik (1878-1951). "Until my death, my love belongs to my family, the German people, my Austrian homeland and my students". In: Karel Hruza (Ed.): Austrian Historians. CVs and careers 1900–1945. Böhlau, Volume 2, Vienna 2012, ISBN 978-3-205-78764-8 , pp. 263–328, here pp. 267–268. Sa: Ernst Elsheimer (Ed.): Directory of the old fraternity members according to the status of the winter semester 1927/28. Frankfurt am Main 1928, p. 499.
  4. ^ Catalog sheet in the University Library Vienna .
  5. ^ Wolfgang Fleischer: Heimito von Doderer - Das Leben - The environment of the work in photos and documents. Vienna 1995, p. 77.
  6. ^ Kurt Ehrenberg: Othenio Abel's life path, using autobiographical records. Vienna 1975, p. 85 f., Evaluated by Klaus Taschwer: Secret thing Bärenhöhle. How an anti-Semitic professor cartel from the University of Vienna expelled Jewish and left-wing researchers after 1918. In: Regina Fritz, Grzegorz Rossoliński-Liebe, Jana Starek (ed.): Alma mater antisemitica: Academic milieu, Jews and anti-Semitism at the universities of Europe between 1918 and 1939. Volume 3, Vienna 2016, pp. 221–242, here p 230 ( online ).
  7. ↑ Günther Fellner: The Austrian historical science from the "connection" to reconstruction. In: Friedrich Stadler (Ed.): Continuity and break. 1938 - 1945 - 1955. Contributions to Austrian cultural and scientific history. Vienna et al. 1988, pp. 135–155.
  8. ^ On the practice of assigning membership numbers: Gerhard Botz: National Socialism in Vienna. Seizure of power and securing rule 1938/39. 3rd ed. Buchloe 1988, p. 210.
  9. ^ Heinrich Srbik in the database of Reichstag members, based on: Parliamentary almanacs / Reichstag handbooks 1867–1938, accessed on October 12, 2017.
  10. ^ Franz Graf-Stuhlhofer: opportunists, sympathizers and officials. Support for the Nazi system in the Vienna Academy of Sciences. In: Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift (1998) 110 / 4–5, pp. 152–157, here: pp. 154 and 157. There, Srbik's membership number is also given: 6.104.788, with the date of May 1, 1938.
  11. ↑ Quoted from Ernst Klee : Das Personenlexikon zum Third Reich. Frankfurt am Main 2007, p. 593.
  12. ^ Franz Graf-Stuhlhofer: The Academy of Sciences in Vienna in the Third Reich. In: Christoph J. Scriba (ed.): The elite of the nation in the Third Reich. The relationship of academies and their scientific environment to National Socialism. Halle ad Saale 1995, pp. 133-159.
  13. ^ Members of the previous academies. Heinrich Ritter von Srbik. Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences , accessed on June 19, 2015 .
  14. ↑ Walther Killy : German Biographical Encyclopedia . Volume 9. Saur, Munich 1988, p. 324.
  15. ↑ Lothar Höbelt : From the fourth party to the third force. The history of the VdU. Graz 1999, p. 144.
  16. ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 230.
  17. ↑ a b Ernst Klee: The dictionary of persons on the Third Reich. Frankfurt am Main 2007, p. 593.
personal data
SURNAME Srbik, Heinrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Srbik, Heinrich Ritter von (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian historian and politician (NSDAP), MdR
DATE OF BIRTH November 10, 1878
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna
DATE OF DEATH February 16, 1951
Place of death Ehrwald