Invercargill

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Invercargill
Invercargill City
Māori: Waihōpai
Geographical location
Invercargill CC.PNG
Photo by Invercargill
Downtown Invercargill, Southland, New Zealand - Flickr - PhillipC.jpg
Local authority
Country New Zealand
island South island
region Southland
Local authority City
Council Invercargill City Council
mayor Tim Shadbolt
founding 1856
Post Code 9810-9814, 9871-8879
Telephone code +64 (0) 3
UN / LOCODE NZ IVC
Website www.icc.govt.nz
geography
Region ISO NZ-STL
Coordinates 46 ° 25 ′  S , 168 ° 21 ′  E Coordinates: 46 ° 25 ′  S , 168 ° 21 ′  E
Highest elevation 265 m
Lowest point Height of sea level
surface 389 km 2
Residents 51 696 (2013)
Population density 132.89 inhabitants per km 2
Statistical data
Public revenue NZ $ 74.7 million  (2015)
Public expenditure NZ $ 78.2 million  (2015)
Number of households 22nd 650 (2013)
Ø income NZ $ 27,400  (2013)
Māori population 14.6% (2013)

Invercargill , official name Invercargill City , in Māori Waihōpai , is a city and at the same time an independent Territorial Authority (local authority) in the Southland region in the south of the South Island of New Zealand . Located south of the 46th parallel, Invercargill is the westernmost and southernmost city of New Zealand and thus also the southernmost city of the Commonwealth of Nations .

Origin of name

The then governor of New Zealand, Thomas Gore Browne , gave his consent in 1856 for the establishment of a new city on the south coast of the South Island. He recommended calling the city Invercargill , whose name he derived from a combination of the word " Inver " (from the Scottish Gaelic " Inbhir " for "estuary") for the confluence of the two rivers Oreti River and Makarewa River and " Cargill " Honor of Captain William Cargill , then superintendent of the province of Otago .

geography

Geographical location

Invercargill is located at 46 ° 25 ′  S , 168 ° 21 ′  E at the southern end of the South Island at the confluence of the Waihopai River and the Oreti River in a plain bounded to the west by the Longwood Range and the Takitimu Mountains , to the north by the Hokonui Hills and bounded to the east by the Catlins . The city and has a pure land area of 389 square kilometers belonged to the Census in 2013, 51,696 inhabitants. This makes Invercargill the seventh largest city in the country in terms of area, but with 132.9 inhabitants per km² it is also the city with the fourth lowest population density.

The city is surrounded to the west, north and east by the Southland District . The southern border forms the coastline to the Foveaux Strait .

The highest elevation in the urban area is the small mountain The Bluff on the Bluff peninsula at 265  m .

City structure

The districts of Invercargill are listed from west to east:

North: Makarewa , Bay Road West , Grasmere , Waikiwi , Myross Bush

West: Oreti Beach , Otatara , Bushy Point , West Invercargill

Central: Gladstone-Avenal , Rosedale , Windsor , Waverley-Glengarry , Otakaro Park , Richmond , Hawthorndale , Crinan , Georgetown , Newfield-Rockdale , Appleby-Kew , Strathern , Heidelberg , Kingswell-Clifton , Tisbury

East and South: Myross Bush , Mill Road-Woodend , Greenhills , Bluff , Tiwai Point , Inlet-New River Estuary , Inlet-Bluff Harbor , Dog Island

climate

Invercargill is located in the temperate climate zone with a warm, rainy climate. The annual average temperature is 9.9 ° C. The warmest months are January and February with an average temperature of 14.3 and 14.2 degrees Celsius, the coldest months are June and July with an average of 5.5 and 5.1 degrees Celsius. The mean annual rainfall is 1066 mm, most precipitation falls in May with an average of 110 millimeters, the driest month is August with 64 millimeters of precipitation on average.

Invercargill
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.
 
 
100
 
19th
10
 
 
79
 
19th
10
 
 
91
 
17th
8th
 
 
103
 
15th
6th
 
 
110
 
12
4th
 
 
102
 
10
2
 
 
78
 
9
1
 
 
64
 
11
2
 
 
76
 
13
4th
 
 
88
 
15th
6th
 
 
88
 
16
7th
 
 
87
 
18th
9
Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm
Source: Climate in Invercargill. de.climate-data.org, accessed on March 15, 2017 .
Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Invercargill
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 18.8 19.1 17.4 15.1 12.3 9.6 9.4 10.9 13.1 14.7 15.9 17.7 O 14.5
Min. Temperature (° C) 9.7 9.5 7.9 5.9 3.7 1.5 0.8 1.8 3.7 5.6 6.8 8.6 O 5.4
Temperature (° C) 14.3 14.2 12.6 10.4 8.0 5.5 5.1 6.3 8.4 10.1 11.3 13.1 O 9.9
Precipitation ( mm ) 100 79 91 103 110 102 78 64 76 88 88 87 Σ 1,066
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
18.8
9.7
19.1
9.5
17.4
7.9
15.1
5.9
12.3
3.7
9.6
1.5
9.4
0.8
10.9
1.8
13.1
3.7
14.7
5.6
15.9
6.8
17.7
8.6
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g 		100
79
91
103
110
102
78
64
76
88
88
87
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Source: Climate in Invercargill. de.climate-data.org, accessed on March 15, 2017 .

history

In 1844 the area around Invercargill was described by surveyor Frederick Tuckett as an uninhabitable swamp region, but the area was bought from the local Māori in 1853. In 1855 the first settler, James Kelly, the whaler, settled in what is now the city, whereupon the first settlement was established. After him, the village was initially known as Kelly's Point .

From 1856 under the leadership of the Chief Surveyor of the Province of Otago , John Turnbull Thomson , began to build a planned town, which was soon called Invercargill. A post office opened in 1857 and the first districts were sold on March 20 of the same year. In 1859 the place had about 1000 inhabitants in 200 apartments. In 1861 a hospital opened to serve Invercargill and the surrounding area. In the same year the province of Southland was spun off from the province of Otago, Invercargill became the capital of Southland. From 1862 the place had its own newspaper, the Invercargill Times .

As a result of the Otago gold rush , the city grew and new railroad lines to Winton and Bluff began, but were not completed. After the downturn in the gold rush, the new province of Southland quickly fell into debt and was reintegrated into Otago in 1870. In 1871 the first elections were held in Invercargill. As a result of government sponsored immigration, the city grew and the economy developed towards the end of the 19th century. The water tower, which is one of the most important landmarks of the city today, was built during this time. The population doubled between 1891 and 1916. The strong growth ensured the incorporation of several suburbs and the establishment of a tram system that, until its closure in 1952, formed the southernmost tram network in the world. 1930 Invercargill received city status.

After World War II , the city flourished, with the population rising from 27,000 to over 40,000 in 1971. After the city had a peak of 53,868 inhabitants in 1983, the downturn began and the population fell to 46,311 in 2011. The reasons for this were poor agricultural yields and a lack of industry. In 1989 the suburb of Bluff was incorporated into the city. In 2002 the train connection to Dunedin and Christchurch was discontinued. However, the population has been increasing again since 2006.

population

Of the 51,696 inhabitants of the city in 2013, 7,524 inhabitants were of Māori origin (14.6%). This means that 1.3% of the country's Māori population lived in the city.

When asked about ethnic group membership in the 2013 census, 88.1% said they were European, 15.1% said they had Māori roots, 3.2% came from the islands of the Pacific Rim and 3 , 0% came from Asia (multiple answers were possible). 9.9% of the population said they were born overseas and 3.0% of the population spoke Māori , of the Māori 15.0%.

politics

administration

Invercargill is not divided into wards like other New Zealand cities and districts . Twelve Councilors (council members) together with the Mayor (mayor) form the City Council (city council). The mayor and council members are re-elected every three years. The city council is called the Invercargill City Council . Invercargill is also the seat of the Southland Regional Council , the regional council of the Southland region. The mayor of Invercargill has been Tim Shadbolt since 1998, who held this position from 1993 to 1995.

Town twinning

Invercargill is twinned with cities:

Attractions

Water tower

The water tower, one of the most famous landmarks in the city

The 42.6 meter high water tower of Invercargill is one of the most famous sights of the city. In the 1880s, the construction of the water tower was decided by the local authorities in order to be able to react to fires that could destroy the city, which consists of many wooden buildings. Since many of the residents refused to build a huge water tank on the outskirts of the city, the 300,000 liter tank was enclosed by an elaborate brick tower at the suggestion of the architect William Sharp. On December 18, 1888, construction was completed after a year of construction and the use of 300,000 bricks. In 1934 the dome of the water tower was dismantled, in 1989 a replica of the old dome was placed on top of the tower.

Railway Hotel

The historic Railway Hotel

The historic Railway Hotel is one of the oldest buildings in Invercargill, still serving its original purpose today. It is from the New Zealand Historic Places Trust as a historic place in Category 1 classified. It was built in 1896 right next to the train station in Invercargill and was primarily intended to accommodate guests arriving by train. In 1907 the hotel was expanded significantly due to the high demand. In 2002 the name was changed to Victoria Railway Hotel and in 2003 it was closed for eight months due to extensive restoration work. The hotel has been hosting guests again since 2004.

St. Mary's Roman Catholic Basilica

St. Mary's Roman Catholic Basilica

The Catholic Church of St. Mary's Roman Catholic Basilica was designed by the well-known New Zealand architect Francis Petre and completed in 1905. The church has been listed as a Category 1 historic place by the New Zealand Historic Places Trust since 1984 . The 37 meter high structure has a Greek cross as its basic shape, on which the copper-clad cathedral sits enthroned.

Economy and Infrastructure

economy

The median income for the population of Invercargill in 2013 was NZ $ 27,400  , compared to NZ $ 28,500 national average. Invercargill is home to the Invercargill Brewery , which was founded in 1999 and is one of New Zealand's most famous breweries. The automobile manufacturer Leitch Industries is also based in Invercargill.

traffic

Invercargill is accessible via New Zealand State Highway 1 , which starts in Bluff on the south coast, then runs through town and then continues northeast towards Dunedin . The State Highway 6 takes place from the north of Queenstown coming its end point in the city, as well as the State Highway 99 , the Te Anau with Invercargill connects. The State Highway 98 is merely a cross-connection.

The South Island Main Trunk Railway connects Invercargill with Dunedin and the northern parts of the South Island. Only goods are transported over the connection, as is the natural harbor of Bluff , which is part of the urban area of Invercargill and which connects the city with the other ports in the country. Until 2002, Invercargill owned the Southerner to Christchurch rail passenger service, making it the southernmost passenger station in the world since the end of passenger traffic to Bluff. From Bluff from the island's Stewart Iceland in the south by ferry to reach. The airport west of Invercargill connects the city with all regional airports in the country.

education

Main Campus of the Southern Institute of Technology in Invercargill

Invercargill is the headquarters of the Southern Institute of Technology , one of New Zealand's largest technical universities . Local students do not have to pay tuition fees there. There are also four high schools in town .

Sports

Invercargill is one of the centers of New Zealand sport and has several stadiums. Next to the Rugby Park Stadium , where the national team from Southland Rugby and occasionally the Highlanders from Dunedin as well as the soccer team Southland Spirit FC play their home games, the ILT Velodrome is one of two indoor cycle tracks in New Zealand.

There is also a swimming center, hockey and cricket venues and the Southland Stadium , which is home to the Southern Steel netball team and the Southland Sharks basketball club . After the roof of the stadium collapsed on September 18, 2010 as a result of a snow storm , the games of the two teams were initially relocated to the building complex of the nearby cycling track.

Southwest of Invercargill is the Teretonga Park automobile race track, where an annual race of the international Tasman Series was held in the 1960s and 1970s . Toyota Racing Series races have been held on the track since 2005 .

Personalities

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Invercargill  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: Invercargill  - explanations of meanings, origins of words, synonyms, translations
Wikivoyage: Invercargill  - Travel Guide
  • Homepage . Invercargill City Council,accessed July 23, 2016.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e 2013 Census QuickStats about a place : Invercargill City - Population and dwellings . Statistics New Zealand , accessed July 23, 2016 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e Invercargill City Council . In: Local Councils . Department of Internal Affairs , accessed July 23, 2016 .
  3. ↑ Maori names of places in New Zealand , accessed February 2, 2017
  4. ↑ Invercargill Heritage Trail . (PDF 1.6 MB) Invercargill City Council , accessed on July 23, 2016 (English).
  5. ^ A b Susan Bailey: Invercargill . In: Alexander Hare McLintock (Ed.): An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand . Wellington 1966 ( online [accessed September 23, 2017]).
  6. ↑ a b Topo250 maps - Steward Island - Invercargill . Land Information New Zealand , accessed June 30, 2016 .
  7. ↑ 2013 Census QuickStats about a place : Invercargill City - Suburbs . Statistics New Zealand , accessed July 23, 2016 .
  8. ^ Southland Places - Invercargill , accessed February 2, 2017
  9. ↑ 2013 Census QuickStats about a place : Invercargill City - Cultural diversity . Statistics New Zealand , accessed July 23, 2016 .
  10. ^ Your Council . Invercargill City Council , accessed July 23, 2016 .
  11. ^ Mayor - Invercargill City Council , accessed March 16, 2017
  12. ^ Sister City . Invercargill City Council , accessed July 23, 2016 .
  13. ↑ Invercargill Water Tower at nzhistory.govt.nz , accessed March 15, 2017
  14. ↑ About our Invercargill - About our Hotel , accessed March 15, 2017
  15. ↑ St. Mary's Roman Catholic Basilica at the New Zealand Historic Places Trust , accessed March 17, 2017
  16. ↑ Geoff Griggs: Premium brews coming out of the south. June 21, 2012, accessed March 17, 2017 .
  17. ↑ Southland Region on teara.govt.nz, accessed on March 17, 2017
  18. ^ Stadium collapses in Southland . In: Stuff National . Fairfax Media , September 18, 2010, accessed July 23, 2016 .
  19. ↑ Calendar & Results of the Toyota Racing Series on toyota.co.nz, accessed on September 19, 2017 (English)