Luther monument
Luther monuments were erected mainly in the second half of the 19th century in numerous German cities to commemorate the Reformation that went back to Martin Luther . They often refer to specific events in Luther's life or to a stay in the respective city.
The oldest Luther monument , which was also the first public full-length statue for a bourgeois figure in Germany, is located in Lutherstadt Wittenberg ; it was designed by Johann Gottfried Schadow and unveiled in 1821. This memorial was financed by the citizens of the towns of Eisleben and Mansfeld , who had long since saved up for a Luther memorial. Friedrich Wilhelm III. but ordered that Wittenberg be preferred. It was not until 1883, on the 400th birthday of the reformer, that a Luther memorial was erected in Eisleben based on a design by Rudolf Siemering . Mansfeld followed in 1913 with a portrayal of Luther as a child.
The largest monument is the Luther Monument, which was inaugurated in Worms in 1868 and based on a design by Ernst Rietschel , which in its form takes up Luther's most famous song poem A firm castle is our God . The Worms monument influenced the representation of numerous other monuments, the Luther figure of the Worms design was replenished several times, but some monuments also used rejected designs for the Worms monument. According to the Smithsonian Institution, there are seven copies of the Luther statue in Worms in the United States alone .
Especially on major anniversaries of events from Luther's life or the history of the Reformation were many places Luther trees planted.
Luther monuments in Central Europe
(incomplete list)
- Luther Monument in Annaberg-Buchholz (1883)
-
Luther monument in Aš (1883) the
only Luther monument in Bohemia - Luther Monument in Bad Schandau (1817)
-
Luther memorial in the Dorotheenstadt cemetery in Berlin (1909)
formerly in the Dorotheenstadt church , copy of the Wittenberg monument by Ernst Waegener -
Luther memorial at St. Marienkirche in Berlin (1895)
by Paul Otto and Robert Toberentz -
Luther monument in Bielsko-Biała (1900) in
front of the Luther Church, by Franz Vogl , the only Luther monument in Poland -
Luther relief in Chemnitz (1912)
on the north facade of the Jakobikirche -
Luther monument in Coburg (1883)
in the vestibule of the Luther school, probably after Ernst Rietschel -
Luther monument in Cottbus (1911) in
front of the Lower Sorbian grammar school, by Heinrich Goetschmann -
Luther monument in Döbeln (1903) in
front of the St. Nicolai Church -
Luther Monument in Dresden (1885)
At the Frauenkirche , by Adolf von Donndorf , after Ernst Rietschel - Luther Monument in Elze (1883)
-
Luther monument in Eisenach (1885)
by Adolf von Donndorf -
Luther monument in Eisleben (1883)
on the market square, by Rudolf Siemering -
Luther Monument in Erfurt (1889)
am Anger, by Fritz Schaper -
Luther monument in Frankenberg / Sa.
in front of the town church St. Aegidien -
Luther Fountain in Freiberg (1883)
at Freiberg Cathedral , after Ernst Rietschel -
Luther monument in Görlitz (1904) in
front of the Luther Church , after Ernst Rietschel -
Luther memorial in Gotha (around 1900)
at the Margarethenkirche , by Christian Behrens , with Phillipp Melanchthon -
Luther Memorial in Grimma (1883)
Frauenkirchhof, by Ernst Rietschel -
Luther Monument in Hamburg (1912)
on the Hamburg Michel , by Otto Lessing -
Luther Monument in Hanover (1900)
at the Marktkirche , by Carl Dopmeyer (started in 1899, completed in 1900 by Ferdinand Hartzer) -
Luther candelabra in Ilmenau (1894)
On the occasion of the 350th anniversary of the Reformation was a Luther candelabra in the church square in front of the James Church erected. -
Luther relief in Karlsruhe (1917)
on the Luther Church , by Oskar Kiefer -
Luther monument in Kirchberg (1908)
in Luther Park, after Ernst Rietschel -
Luther fountain in Ludwigshafen am Rhein (1992)
on the site of the former Luther Church , by Gernot and Barbara Rumpf -
Luther monument in Magdeburg (1886) in
front of St. John's Church , by Emil Hundrieser - Luther Monument in Malschwitz - Niedergurig (1883)
-
Luther Fountain in Mansfeld (1913)
on Lutherplatz, by Paul Juckoff -
Luther Monument in Möhra (1861)
by the sculptor Ferdinand Müller -
Luther monument in Neukieritzsch (1884)
on the market square, relocated from the Zölsdorf desert -
Luther monument on Norderney (1883)
Kirchstrasse, by sculptor Bernhard Högl - Luthersbrunnen in Nordhausen (1888)
on the Lutherplatz from Karl Schuler destroyed in 1945, by 2003 Reformer fountain of Peter Genßler replaced -
Luther monument in Nordhausen (2017)
on the Blasiikirchplatz by Peter Genßler -
Luther monument in Nuremberg
at the Sebalduskirche , with Phillipp Melanchthon -
Luther monument in Oederan (1884) in
front of the town church -
Luther monument in Prenzlau (1903) in
front of the Marienkirche . Copy / replica of Rietschel's Luther statue in Worms - Luther relief in Saalfeld in the St. Johannis town church (1905)
-
Luther relief in Schönberg (1883)
on Albert Manthe's town church -
Luther monument in Sessenheim (France)
at the Protestant Church, with Phillipp Melanchthon -
Luther Monument in Speyer (1903)
vestibule of the Memorial Church of the Protestation , by Hermann Hahn -
Luther monument near Steinbach in the Wartburg district (1857)
Obelisk in memory of Luther's capture -
Luther monument in Uelzen (1883)
after Ernst Rietschel - Luther Monument in Weilburg (1933)
- Luther Monument Wennigsen (Deister) , Lower Saxony (1960), replica of a Luther monument that Friedrich Adolf Sötebier made in 1957 for the campus of the Concordia Theological Seminary in the city of Springfield (Illinois) and that has been on the campus of the Concordia Theological Seminary in Fort Wayne , Indiana , United States.
-
Luther monument in Lutherstadt Wittenberg (1821)
on the market square , by Johann Gottfried Schadow -
Luther Monument in Worms (1868)
by Ernst Rietschel, the largest Reformation monument in the world
Luther's gravestone has been in the town church of St. Michael in Jena since 1571.
Luther sculptures by Valentin Kühne can be found on the baroque pulpit altars in the churches of Groß Quenstedt (1696), today Jessen, Westerhausen (1697/98) and Gatersleben (1710).
Luther monument in Annaberg-Buchholz
Luther monument on Lutherplatz in Kirchberg
Luther monument in Aš (1883), the only Luther monument in Bohemia
Luther monument in front of the Marienkirche in Prenzlau
Luther memorial in Bielsko-Biała , the only Luther memorial in Poland
Luther monument in Niedergurig , the only Luther monument in the Sorbian language
Luther monuments outside of Central Europe
- Luther monument in Nova Friburgo , Brazil (2004)
by Otavio Teixeira M. Neto - Luther Monument in Santiago de Chile , Chile (2002)
by Serena Piacentini -
Martin Luther statue in front of the Luther Church in Copenhagen , Denmark (posthumous cast 1983)
by Rikard Magnussen - Luther memorial in Keila , Estonia (1862–1949)
-
Luther Statue in Edmonton , Alberta , Canada (1987)
Augustana Campus of the University of Alberta , by Danek Mozdzenski -
Martin Luther Monument in Baltimore , Maryland , United States (1936)
by Hans Schuler -
Martin Luther in Clayton , Missouri , United States (1904) Concordia Seminary
campus , copy after Ernst Rietschel -
Martin Luther at Worms in Decorah , Iowa , United States (1911)
Campus of Luther College , copy after Ernst Rietschel -
Martin Luther in Dubuque , Iowa, United States (1921)
Campus of the Wartburg Theological Seminary , copy after Ernst Rietschel -
The Luther Statue , Fort Wayne , Indiana , United States (1957)
Campus of the Concordia Theological Seminary , by Friedrich Adolf Sötebier -
Martin Luther in Gettysburg , Pennsylvania , United States (1947)
Campus of the Lutheran Theological Seminary , by Hans Schuler -
Luther at 38 , in Louisville , Kentucky , United States (1960) in
front of the First Lutheran Church , copy of the figure in Fort Wayne from the Luther memorial by Friedrich Adolf Sötebier . -
Martin Luther in Mount Clemens , Michigan , United States (1930)
Cadillac Memorial Gardens, copy after Ernst Rietschel -
Martin Luther in Seguin , Texas , United States (1976)
Campus of Texas Lutheran College , by Elmer Paul Petersen -
Martin Luther the Teacher, Martin Luther the Musician in Springfield , Ohio , United States (1956)
campus of Wittenberg University , by A. Regis Milione -
Martin Luther in St. Paul , Minnesota , United States (1921)
Campus of Concordia College , copy after Ernst Rietschel -
Martin Luther in Streator , Illinois , United States (1935)
Hillcrest Memorial Park, copy after Ernst Rietschel -
Luther Monument in Washington, DC , United States (1884)
Thomas Circle, Washington DC, copy after Ernst Rietschel
Memorial trees
Trees were planted in memory of the Reformer in numerous other places in Germany. Mainly oaks , especially common oaks , were chosen as Luther oaks , but in some places Luther beeches, Luther linden trees and Luther elms can also be found.
Luther book (selection)
- The Luther beech in Lokstedt , a district of Hamburg , was planted on the 400th anniversary of the posting of the theses by Martin Luther at the castle church in Wittenberg in 1917.
- The Luther beech near Altenstein with Lutherborn at the Luther monument in Steinbach was not planted in memory like the other trees, but marked the place of Luther's capture on May 4, 1521. After the tree was severely damaged in a storm in 1841, it was replanted in 1983.
- The Luther beech from Stolberg commemorates Luther's stay in the Harz city on April 21, 1525.
- The Luther beech in Taucha was planted at St. Moritz Church in 1883 and had to be felled in 2004 because of fungal attack.
- The Lübeck Luther beech is a scion of the Luther beech to Liebenstein , which came to Lübeck from Thuringia in 1873 to commemorate the 700th anniversary of the cathedral.
Luther oaks
The best-known Luther oak can be found in Wittenberg, where Luther is said to have burned his copy of the papal bull threatening exsurgeon Domine in 1520 .
Lutherlinden (selection)
- Lutherlinde in Chemnitz-Ebersdorf in front of the collegiate church (Ebersdorf) including a memorial stone
- Lutherlinde in Lich (natural monument ND 12), planted in front of the Marienstiftskirche Lich in 1883 for Luther's 400th birthday
- Luther linden in front of the red earth in Fernwald (natural monument ND 59)
- Lutherlinde in Riesa (Saxony), district of Gostewitz; Planted in 1846 on the 300th anniversary of Luther's death, protected as a natural monument
- Lutherlinde in Herten-Scherlebeck (Recklinghausen church district), planted on the occasion of the 400th anniversary of the Reformation in 1917.
- Lutherlinde in Unterstesselbach , Luther is said to have prayed under the linden tree in front of the rectory on his way through, because the pastor refused entry to the church
- Martin Luther linden tree in front of the Johanneskirche (Eltville-Erbach) , planted on November 10, 1883 for the 400th birthday
- Luther lime tree in the old cemetery in Possendorf (Saxony), planted on November 10, 1883 for Luther's 400th birthday
- Luther-Linde in Dresden , Rampische Strasse on the corner of Schießgasse, a (at that time) 5 meter high silver linden tree planted on October 30, 2012 by Regional Bishop Jochen Bohl and the Second Mayor of Dresden Detlef Sittel .
- Luther lime tree in Gronau (Leine) on the Lehder cemetery, planted in November 2016 at the start of the anniversary year "500 years of the Reformation"
- (former) Lutherlinde in Ringethal , drawn by Ludwig Richter in 1839
- Lutherlinde in front of the St. Laurentius Church (Dassel) , planted in 1883 for Luther's 400th birthday
Luther elms (selection)
- Luther Tree in Worms-Pfiffligheim , planting in the torso of an elm to the 16th century, is said to have preached among the supposedly Luther.
- Hütschenhausen , Katzenbach, Brunnenstrasse ( Ulmus sp. , ND-7335-217) (location)
Luther Park
There is a small Martin Luther Park in Bad Gastein in the Austrian state of Salzburg; it is right next to the Protestant St. Christophorus Church. It is pointed out that Luther was in contact with the local community.
literature
- Otto Kammer: Reformation monuments of the 19th and 20th centuries: an inventory. Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Leipzig 2004, ISBN 3-374-02188-3 .
- Christiane Theiselmann: Ernst Rietschel's (1856–1868) Luther Monument in Worms as part of the 19th century Luther reception. European university publications, Frankfurt am Main 1992, ISBN 3-631-44332-3 .
- Family sheet of the Lutherid Association, Volume 3, Issue 5, Volume 13, February 1939. Digitized (PDF) .
See also
- Luthergarten Wittenberg
- Luther Church , overview of the churches named after Martin Luther
Web links
- Children's and youth pastoral office of the Evangelical Church in Central Germany: lutherbaum.de (with an extensive directory of Luther trees worldwide)
- Luther trees - a living tradition , March 27, 2017, on mdr.de
Individual evidence
- ^ Smithsonian American Art Museum: Rietschel, Ernest Friedrich August, 1804–1861, sculptor and Rietschel, Ernest Friedrich August, 1804–1861, sculptor. (copy after)
- ^ Statues Hither & Dither: Chemnitz
- ^ Statues Hither & Dither: Dresden
- ^ Statues Hither & Dither: Eisleben
- ↑ Statues Hither & Dither: Frankenberg / Sa.
- ^ Statues Hither & Dither: Gotha
- ↑ Statues Hither & Dither: Grimma
- ↑ The monument was unveiled on Luther's 400th birthday on November 10, 1883, it commemorates Luther's ten stays in Grimma between 1519 and 1544. The bust is one of the first five casts from the monument in Worms - these first five were still considered originals at the time and were therefore signed by the artist. This is why the Luther bust in Grimma bears Ernst Rietschel's name on the back . - Source: Leipziger Volkszeitung, Muldental edition, August 27, 2014, p. 34
- ^ Statues Hither & Dither: Hamburg
- ↑ Stone landmarks: Luther Monument Neukieritzsch
- ^ Statues Hither & Dither: Norderney Luther
- ^ Statues Hither & Dither: Nuremberg
- ^ Statues Hither & Dither: Sessenheim
- ↑ wfn.org: Luther statue commemorates 180 years of Lutheran presence in Brazil ( memento of the original from September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , July 15, 2004
- ^ Chile: First Luther Monument in Spanish-speaking Latin America , Lutheran World Federation, February 6, 2003
- ↑ Lutherkirkens hjemmeside: Om Lutherkirken ( Memento of the original from February 6, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ University of Alberta Campus Map: Luther Statue
- ^ Smithsonian American Art Museum: Entry in the Art Inventories Catalog
- ^ Smithsonian American Art Museum: Entry in the Art Inventories Catalog
- ^ Smithsonian American Art Museum: Entry in the Art Inventories Catalog
- ^ Smithsonian American Art Museum: Entry in the Art Inventories Catalog
- ^ Smithsonian American Art Museum: Entry in the Art Inventories Catalog
- ^ Smithsonian American Art Museum: Entry in the Art Inventories Catalog
- ^ Smithsonian American Art Museum: Entry in the Art Inventories Catalog
- ^ Smithsonian American Art Museum: Entry in the Art Inventories Catalog
- ^ Smithsonian American Art Museum: Entry in the Art Inventories Catalog
- ^ Smithsonian American Art Museum: Entry in the Art Inventories Catalog
- ^ Smithsonian American Art Museum: Entry in the Art Inventories Catalog
- ^ Smithsonian American Art Museum: Entry in the Art Inventories Catalog
- ^ Smithsonian American Art Museum: Entry in the Art Inventories Catalog
- ↑ https://www.google.com/maps/place/Klaffenbacher+Hauptstra%C3%9Fe+86,+09123+Chemnitz/@50.7623594,12.9101538,18.86z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x47a748d0d7ffc8b9fx8872 .19817 ! 3d50.7619904! 4d12.9108879
- ↑ HB: Poplars, Linden and Oaks. The city of Riesa has six protected tree monuments . In: Stadtverwaltung Riesa (ed.): Riesaer. News for our city . No. 35 , 2011, p. 2 ( online [PDF; accessed August 29, 2017]).
- ↑ top v .: Saxon parishes commemorate Luther's posting of the theses in 1517. Movement: Re (nn) formation run and “In Luther's footsteps through the night”. (No longer available online.) Evangelical Lutheran Church Office of Saxony, October 27, 2012, archived from the original on August 29, 2017 ; accessed on August 29, 2017 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ The Pfiffligheimer Luther Tree. Daniela Schomisch (Red.), November 7, 2014, accessed on August 29, 2017 .