Luther monument

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Luther monuments were erected mainly in the second half of the 19th century in numerous German cities to commemorate the Reformation that went back to Martin Luther . They often refer to specific events in Luther's life or to a stay in the respective city.

The oldest Luther monument , which was also the first public full-length statue for a bourgeois figure in Germany, is located in Lutherstadt Wittenberg ; it was designed by Johann Gottfried Schadow and unveiled in 1821. This memorial was financed by the citizens of the towns of Eisleben and Mansfeld , who had long since saved up for a Luther memorial. Friedrich Wilhelm III. but ordered that Wittenberg be preferred. It was not until 1883, on the 400th birthday of the reformer, that a Luther memorial was erected in Eisleben based on a design by Rudolf Siemering . Mansfeld followed in 1913 with a portrayal of Luther as a child.

The largest monument is the Luther Monument, which was inaugurated in Worms in 1868 and based on a design by Ernst Rietschel , which in its form takes up Luther's most famous song poem A firm castle is our God . The Worms monument influenced the representation of numerous other monuments, the Luther figure of the Worms design was replenished several times, but some monuments also used rejected designs for the Worms monument. According to the Smithsonian Institution, there are seven copies of the Luther statue in Worms in the United States alone .

Especially on major anniversaries of events from Luther's life or the history of the Reformation were many places Luther trees planted.

Luther monuments in Central Europe

Luther Monument Worms 1900
The Luther Monument in Dresden (1970s)
Luther monument in Elze
Luther monument on the Wittenberg market square

(incomplete list)

Luther's gravestone has been in the town church of St. Michael in Jena since 1571.

Luther sculptures by Valentin Kühne can be found on the baroque pulpit altars in the churches of Groß Quenstedt (1696), today Jessen, Westerhausen (1697/98) and Gatersleben (1710).

  • Luther monument in Annaberg-Buchholz

  • Eisleben Luther Monument

  • Luther Monument Eisenach

  • Luther monument in Möhra

  • Luther statue at the Hamburg Michel

  • Luther relief in Schönberg / Mecklenburg

  • Luther monument on Lutherplatz in Kirchberg

  • Luther monument in Aš (1883), the only Luther monument in Bohemia

  • Luther monument in front of the Marienkirche in Prenzlau

  • Luther memorial in Bielsko-Biała , the only Luther memorial in Poland

  • Luther monument in Niedergurig , the only Luther monument in the Sorbian language

Luther monuments outside of Central Europe

Luther Monument Copenhagen

Memorial trees

Trees were planted in memory of the Reformer in numerous other places in Germany. Mainly oaks , especially common oaks , were chosen as Luther oaks , but in some places Luther beeches, Luther linden trees and Luther elms can also be found.

Luther book (selection)

The Luther beech in the cathedral cemetery of Lübeck Cathedral
  • The Luther beech in Lokstedt , a district of Hamburg , was planted on the 400th anniversary of the posting of the theses by Martin Luther at the castle church in Wittenberg in 1917.
  • The Luther beech near Altenstein with Lutherborn at the Luther monument in Steinbach was not planted in memory like the other trees, but marked the place of Luther's capture on May 4, 1521. After the tree was severely damaged in a storm in 1841, it was replanted in 1983.
  • The Luther beech from Stolberg commemorates Luther's stay in the Harz city on April 21, 1525.
  • The Luther beech in Taucha was planted at St. Moritz Church in 1883 and had to be felled in 2004 because of fungal attack.
  • The Lübeck Luther beech is a scion of the Luther beech to Liebenstein , which came to Lübeck from Thuringia in 1873 to commemorate the 700th anniversary of the cathedral.

Luther oaks

The best-known Luther oak can be found in Wittenberg, where Luther is said to have burned his copy of the papal bull threatening exsurgeon Domine in 1520 .

Lutherlinden (selection)

Information board Lutherlinde Lich
  • Lutherlinde in Chemnitz-Ebersdorf in front of the collegiate church (Ebersdorf) including a memorial stone
  • Lutherlinde in Lich (natural monument ND 12), planted in front of the Marienstiftskirche Lich in 1883 for Luther's 400th birthday
  • Luther linden in front of the red earth in Fernwald (natural monument ND 59)
  • Lutherlinde in Riesa (Saxony), district of Gostewitz; Planted in 1846 on the 300th anniversary of Luther's death, protected as a natural monument
  • Lutherlinde in Herten-Scherlebeck (Recklinghausen church district), planted on the occasion of the 400th anniversary of the Reformation in 1917.
  • Lutherlinde in Unterstesselbach , Luther is said to have prayed under the linden tree in front of the rectory on his way through, because the pastor refused entry to the church
  • Martin Luther linden tree in front of the Johanneskirche (Eltville-Erbach) , planted on November 10, 1883 for the 400th birthday
  • Luther lime tree in the old cemetery in Possendorf (Saxony), planted on November 10, 1883 for Luther's 400th birthday
  • Luther-Linde in Dresden , Rampische Strasse on the corner of Schießgasse, a (at that time) 5 meter high silver linden tree planted on October 30, 2012 by Regional Bishop Jochen Bohl and the Second Mayor of Dresden Detlef Sittel .
  • Luther lime tree in Gronau (Leine) on the Lehder cemetery, planted in November 2016 at the start of the anniversary year "500 years of the Reformation"
  • (former) Lutherlinde in Ringethal , drawn by Ludwig Richter in 1839
  • Lutherlinde in front of the St. Laurentius Church (Dassel) , planted in 1883 for Luther's 400th birthday

Luther elms (selection)

Luther Park

There is a small Martin Luther Park in Bad Gastein in the Austrian state of Salzburg; it is right next to the Protestant St. Christophorus Church. It is pointed out that Luther was in contact with the local community.

literature

  • Otto Kammer: Reformation monuments of the 19th and 20th centuries: an inventory. Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Leipzig 2004, ISBN 3-374-02188-3 .
  • Christiane Theiselmann: Ernst Rietschel's (1856–1868) Luther Monument in Worms as part of the 19th century Luther reception. European university publications, Frankfurt am Main 1992, ISBN 3-631-44332-3 .
  • Family sheet of the Lutherid Association, Volume 3, Issue 5, Volume 13, February 1939. Digitized (PDF) .

See also

Web links

Commons : Luther Monuments  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Commons : Luther Book  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Commons : Luthereichen  - Collection of images, videos, and audio files
Commons : Lutherlinden  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Smithsonian American Art Museum: Rietschel, Ernest Friedrich August, 1804–1861, sculptor and Rietschel, Ernest Friedrich August, 1804–1861, sculptor. (copy after)
  2. ^ Statues Hither & Dither: Chemnitz
  3. ^ Statues Hither & Dither: Dresden
  4. ^ Statues Hither & Dither: Eisleben
  5. ↑ Statues Hither & Dither: Frankenberg / Sa.
  6. ^ Statues Hither & Dither: Gotha
  7. ↑ Statues Hither & Dither: Grimma
  8. ↑ The monument was unveiled on Luther's 400th birthday on November 10, 1883, it commemorates Luther's ten stays in Grimma between 1519 and 1544. The bust is one of the first five casts from the monument in Worms - these first five were still considered originals at the time and were therefore signed by the artist. This is why the Luther bust in Grimma bears Ernst Rietschel's name on the back . - Source: Leipziger Volkszeitung, Muldental edition, August 27, 2014, p. 34
  9. ^ Statues Hither & Dither: Hamburg
  10. ↑ Stone landmarks: Luther Monument Neukieritzsch
  11. ^ Statues Hither & Dither: Norderney Luther
  12. ^ Statues Hither & Dither: Nuremberg
  13. ^ Statues Hither & Dither: Sessenheim
  14. ↑ wfn.org: Luther statue commemorates 180 years of Lutheran presence in Brazil ( memento of the original from September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , July 15, 2004 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.wfn.org
  15. ^ Chile: First Luther Monument in Spanish-speaking Latin America , Lutheran World Federation, February 6, 2003
  16. ↑ Lutherkirkens hjemmeside: Om Lutherkirken ( Memento of the original from February 6, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.lutherkirken.dk
  17. ^ University of Alberta Campus Map: Luther Statue
  18. ^ Smithsonian American Art Museum: Entry in the Art Inventories Catalog
  19. ^ Smithsonian American Art Museum: Entry in the Art Inventories Catalog
  20. ^ Smithsonian American Art Museum: Entry in the Art Inventories Catalog
  21. ^ Smithsonian American Art Museum: Entry in the Art Inventories Catalog
  22. ^ Smithsonian American Art Museum: Entry in the Art Inventories Catalog
  23. ^ Smithsonian American Art Museum: Entry in the Art Inventories Catalog
  24. ^ Smithsonian American Art Museum: Entry in the Art Inventories Catalog
  25. ^ Smithsonian American Art Museum: Entry in the Art Inventories Catalog
  26. ^ Smithsonian American Art Museum: Entry in the Art Inventories Catalog
  27. ^ Smithsonian American Art Museum: Entry in the Art Inventories Catalog
  28. ^ Smithsonian American Art Museum: Entry in the Art Inventories Catalog
  29. ^ Smithsonian American Art Museum: Entry in the Art Inventories Catalog
  30. ^ Smithsonian American Art Museum: Entry in the Art Inventories Catalog
  31. ↑ https://www.google.com/maps/place/Klaffenbacher+Hauptstra%C3%9Fe+86,+09123+Chemnitz/@50.7623594,12.9101538,18.86z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x47a748d0d7ffc8b9fx8872 .19817 ! 3d50.7619904! 4d12.9108879
  32. ↑ HB: Poplars, Linden and Oaks. The city of Riesa has six protected tree monuments . In: Stadtverwaltung Riesa (ed.): Riesaer. News for our city . No. 35 , 2011, p. 2 ( online [PDF; accessed August 29, 2017]).
  33. ↑ top v .: Saxon parishes commemorate Luther's posting of the theses in 1517. Movement: Re (nn) formation run and “In Luther's footsteps through the night”. (No longer available online.) Evangelical Lutheran Church Office of Saxony, October 27, 2012, archived from the original on August 29, 2017 ; accessed on August 29, 2017 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.evlks.de
  34. ↑ The Pfiffligheimer Luther Tree. Daniela Schomisch (Red.), November 7, 2014, accessed on August 29, 2017 .