Subway (fast food restaurant)

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Subway

logo
legal form franchise
founding August 28, 1965
in Bridgeport , Connecticut , United States
United StatesUnited States 
Seat Milford , Connecticut , United States
United StatesUnited States 
Number of employees 390,000 (March 2013)
sales 15.2 billion USD (2010)
Branch Quick service system catering
Website www.subway.com

Subway is a 1965 Fred DeLuca founded and Peter Buck American franchise chain in the fast-food range. The first Subway restaurant was in 1965 Bridgeport in the US state of Connecticut under the name of Pete's Super Submarines opened. The product range primarily includes sandwiches , wraps and salads . The sandwiches are prepared individually to order within sight. Since the end of 2010, Subway has been the fast food chain with the largest number of restaurants in the world. Subway has been represented in German-speaking countries since the late 1990s.

Surname

Typical subway restaurant, here Munich
Subway Metropolitan Décor
View of the interior of a restaurant in the current Metropolitan Décor

The company name was derived from the combination of the English word "sub", an abbreviation for "submarine sandwich", which are so called because of their elongated shape ( submarine , English for submarine ), with the suffix "-way", as this is the US word for metro ( subway ) fits, because already the first restaurants were equipped with a based metro network plans decor.

restaurant

“Subway” - Freestander in Hamburg-Poppenbüttel

During the ordering process, the guest at Subway makes various decisions along a specified production chain and communicates these to the Subway employee.

The guest communicates in the following order:

  1. At the beginning he chooses the type of bread, whereby he can choose from five types. If the customer does not want bread, but a salad or a wrap, he also states this request at the beginning of the ordering process.
  2. After the employee has cut the bread, the customer selects the main topping. There are various types of meat (including salami, ham and tuna) and vegetable patties to choose from.
  3. After the main covering has been applied, the customer names the type of cheese they would like to have. He can choose from six different types of cheese. In the case of a sandwich filled according to the Subway standard, the customer is free to choose the type of cheese. The bread is then toasted
  4. After toasting, the customer names the desired vegetables, he is free to choose the vegetables. See below for a list of available vegetables . After the customer has completely named the vegetables he wants, the employee attaches them to the sandwich in a specified order.
  5. After the vegetables, the employee puts the sauce (s) requested by the customer on the sandwich.
  6. If the customer eats in the restaurant, the sandwich is not wrapped but placed in a plastic basket. A napkin is served with half a sandwich and a salad or wrap and two serviettes with a whole sandwich. The baskets are washed and are reusable. Upon special request, the customer can get a tray.
  7. A sandwich, wrap or salad can be bought as a menu . In addition to the main course, this includes either a large drink (0.5 liters, to be tapped by the customer) or a drink in the bottle, as well as a cookie , a bag of potato chips or an apple (variety: Granny Smith ).
  8. Additionally available products are muffins (chocolate and blueberry), donuts (Milka chocolate donut), small drinks (0.4 liters), Capri Sun , Buddy Fruits (strawberry fruit juice concentrate) and, depending on the location, Red Bull and other non-alcoholic drinks .
  9. Snacks (pretzel snacks) and nacho boxes (potato chips baked with cheese) are also available and are ordered during the ordering process (ideally at the beginning).

All subway restaurants were uniformly furnished in the so-called Metropolitan Décor. A reddish stone wall with the silver logo and decorative plexiglass elements are characteristic. Older restaurants still have the Tuscan style. In the future, new restaurants will be opened in Fresh Forward Décor.

In addition to so-called freestander restaurants in free-standing buildings, there are also more and more subway restaurants in so-called “non-traditional” locations in cooperation with institutional partners such as hospitals, petrol stations, airports and train stations. Locations of this type are also on the advance in German-speaking countries.

In some cases, Subway shares rental space with companies that follow other concepts, for example in a food court such as the “ CentrO ” in Oberhausen . Outside of shopping centers , this is intended to reduce the rent burden for the providers involved in the case of large rental areas. Some restaurants are very small and do not have a fully equipped kitchen or a " baking center " and sometimes have no or only very limited seating. These satellite restaurants can only be operated in conjunction with a fully-fledged subway restaurant.

range

The basic menu consists of sandwiches, salads and wraps. In addition, potato chips , American cookies , donuts , muffins and soft drinks are offered. The sandwiches are offered in two different sizes (15 cm and 30 cm in length) and, if the customer so wishes, they can be made up of different types of bread, vegetables, cheese and the actual main topping (meat [including salami, ham and tuna], vegetarian topping) and sauces. In the USA, Great Britain and occasionally in Germany and other countries, soups are sold alongside sandwiches . It is up to the franchisee to offer catering .

Breads

The breads are delivered as frozen dough pieces , rise in the restaurant's own proofing oven after defrosting and are then freshly baked. There are five types:

Gluten-free bread has been available since 2019 (for a surcharge).

Each customer is free to choose the type of bread; there is no such thing as a “standard type” and therefore no “normal bread”. The customer can choose a whole loaf (30 centimeters) or half a loaf (15 centimeters).

"Flatbread" has not been in the range since 2017.

wraps

There are three wraps :

There are the following "signature wraps":

  • Steak'n'Cheese & Guacamole (topped on the tomato wrap)
  • Chili Chicken (topped on the wheat wrap)
  • Chicken Caesar (topped on the spinach wrap).

Signature wraps have a fixed recipe and are covered according to this recipe. Signature wraps feature double the amount of meat as well as extras included in the price that would otherwise have to be paid for (guacamole or grated Parmesan).

The customer can get any other product as a wrap, which is then topped on a wheat wrap like half a sandwich.

After covering, wraps are rolled up and cut in the middle.

Salads

There are the following "Signature Salads":

  • Lovely chicken salad
  • Creamy Tuna Salad
  • Tasty feta salad.

Like Signature Wraps, Signature Salads have a fixed recipe and are covered according to this recipe. They also have twice the amount of meat (or four times the amount of feta cheese in the case of the Tasty Feta Salad ) as well as extras included in the price that would otherwise have to be paid for (grated Parmesan, croutons ).

The customer can get any product other than a salad, which then gets the same amount of meat as half a sandwich and the same amount of vegetables as a large sandwich.

Main surface

There are the following products from which the customer can choose (sorted alphabetically):

  • Beef & Cheese (until May 2020 referred to as Steak & Cheese , beef slices with peppers and onions)
  • Beef Supreme ( beef marinated with barbecue sauce )
  • BBQ Rib ( spareribs from processed meat from pork , marinated in barbecue sauce, not to be confused with spare ribs )
  • Breaded Chicken ( chicken breast , marinated with barbecue sauce )
  • Chicken Breast (also called Roasted Chicken, chicken breast with breading )
  • Chicken Fajita (chicken breast, marinated with paprika powder [not hot])
  • Chicken Teriyaki (chicken breast marinated with sweet and sour teriyaki sauce )
  • Ham ( pork ham )
  • Italian BMT (often referred to as BMT for short , topping made from mild salami, spicy salami and pork ham)
  • Salami (mild, spicy or mixed according to customer requirements)
  • Spicy Vegan Patty (vegan vegetable patty ).
  • Tuna ( tuna mixed with lite mayonnaise )
  • Turkey ( turkey ham )
  • Turkey & Ham (turkey ham and pork ham)
  • Turkey, Ham & Bacon Melt (turkey ham, pork ham and bacon)
  • Veggie Delite (vegetarian, either with cheese or only with vegetables according to customer requirements)

Egg omelette is available at an additional cost . It is also possible to buy extra bacon and any other meat topping for an extra charge.

The following are no longer available:

  • Beef (beef ham)
  • Mexican Chicken ( Chicken Fajita with chips and guacamole, was temporarily available as a promotional product)
  • Turkey, Ham & Beef (also known as Club , mixture of the three ham types Beef , Ham and Turkey )
  • Pastrami Melt (was temporarily available as a promotional product in 2017)
  • Pulled pork (long slow cooked pork, toasted with barbecue sauce)
  • Veggie Patty (vegetarian vegetable patty; has been replaced by the Spicy Vegan Patty ).

cheese

After applying the main topping and before toasting, the customer chooses the type of cheese. The following six types are available (in alphabetical order):

Cream cheese is placed on the opposite side just below the vegetables and any other cheese is placed on top of the meat. Extra cheese portions can be purchased for a surcharge, whereby each type of cheese can be requested as often as required (a combination of two processed cheese and one cream cheese would therefore charge two extra cheese). According to the Subway standard, the choice of cheese is left to the customer, so there is no such thing as “normal cheese”. There is always a surcharge for the shaved parmesan, even if only this is chosen. For some products (e.g. Signature Wraps and Signature Salads), however, grated Parmesan is included in the price.

No longer in the range:

vegetables

After toasting, the employee puts the vegetables requested by the customer on the sandwich. You can choose from (in the order in which the vegetables are placed):

Corn, baby spinach and carrots have been available in Germany since 2018 and in Austria since May 2019. Rocket and cabbage-carrot mix have been around since 2019.

Avocado cream or guacamole (avocado with garlic and jalapenos) is currently available for a surcharge (limited in time). The avocado cream or guacamole is added to the sandwich before any other vegetable.

Sauces

Once the vegetables have been attached, the customer's desired sauce is placed on the sandwich. There is no predetermined sauce, the employee only makes recommendations. If the customer uses more sauce or several different sauces, this does not have to be paid for separately (regardless of which sauce [s]). Sauces are put on the meat, only the yoghurt sauce on the vegetables.

There are the following sauces (in alphabetical order):

Balsamic vinegar, curry sauce, hickory BBQ sauce, honey & wholeegrain mustard, yoghurt sauce, salsa sauce, sweet chilli and vegan garlic aioli have been around since 2019.

Sauces that are no longer available are:

  • BBQ sauce (not to be confused with hickory BBQ sauce )
  • Vinegar (red wine)
  • Honey Mustard (not to be confused with Honey & Wholegrain Mustard )
  • Ranch ( yoghurt - herb sauce, but not to be confused with ranch dressing )

Well-known sauces that are not available include ketchup , sour cream , mustard and a sweet and sour sauce.

Spices

Once the sauces have been applied, the customer can choose spices (no extra charge). The following are available (in alphabetical order):

Snacks

The following snacks have been offered since 2020:

  • Chicken pretzel snack (pretzel pastries with chicken stripes [unseasoned chicken], processed cheese, lettuce, tomatoes, cucumber, red onions and honey & wholeegrain mustard sauce)
  • Tuna pretzel snack (pretzel rolls with tuna cream, processed cheese, spinach, tomatoes, corn, red onions and Caesar sauce)
  • Pretzel snack Turkey (pretzel pastries with turkey [ham from the turkey], cream cheese, lettuce, tomatoes, colored peppers, carrots and chipotle Southwest sauce)
  • Pretzel snack Veggie Guacamole (pretzel pastries with mozzarella-cheddar mix, guacamole, lettuce, tomatoes, cucumber, corn and chipotle southwest sauce)
  • Nachobox (chips of the Doritos Nachos Cheese variety , mozzarella-cheddar mix, jalapeños and salsa sauce).

Snacks are also requested at the beginning of the ordering process.

Franchise concept

The franchisor for all Subway restaurants worldwide is Doctor's Associates Inc. (DAI), a company founded in 1966 by Fred DeLuca , whose name comes from co-founder Peter Buck. The company is headquartered in Milford , Connecticut, United States. The regional offices in Germany , Austria , Switzerland and Luxembourg are coordinated by "Subway Vermietungs- und Service GmbH (Subway Germany)" in Cologne .

The contractual partner of the European franchisees is the European headquarters , SUBWAY International BV , a limited liability company under Dutch law with its headquarters in Amsterdam .

Subway franchisees pay a weekly fee of 12.5% ​​of gross sales (minus sales tax) of a venue (not per franchisee), plus 8% for royalties. Anyone who signs the first franchise agreement also pays a one-time fee of 10,000 euros, which is reduced to 5,000 euros per license if additional franchise licenses are purchased. Subway gives around 50 percent of the new franchise licenses to franchisees who already own one or more restaurants.

The franchisees also pay an advertising contribution of 4.5% into an advertising fund. This is administered by a five-person committee made up of franchisees who, in turn, were elected by all franchisees. This so-called IFAF organization (International Franchisee Advertising Fund) is responsible for planning and implementing the marketing activities.

The investment in a classic subway restaurant starts at around 90,000 euros. The investment costs (including the one-time license fee and the planning of sufficient reserve capital) are usually between 110,000 euros and 140,000 euros. The amount of the investment depends primarily on the size and the effort required to expand an available shop. This distinguishes Subway from other franchise providers in that it has relatively low total investments. The franchisee should have at least 15,000 euros as equity.

After signing the franchise agreement, the new franchisee will take part in a two-week intensive training course in a Subway training center. German-language training courses take place in the training center in Cologne. The focus of the training is on the practical processes in a restaurant and the subway control system. The control system with close-knit inventories and evaluations of all stocks and restaurant data enables seamless control of all processes in the restaurant. There are set product specifications for all sandwiches and ingredients. Each supplier must first undergo an approval procedure. As soon as it is ensured that it meets the requirements of Subway, the supplier enters into negotiations with the IPC (Independent Purchasing Cooperative) or in Europe with the EIPC (European Independent Purchasing Company). Like the IPC, the EIPC is a purchasing association supported by the franchisees, the aim of which is to negotiate conditions on a European basis and to ensure that franchisees can purchase goods at the best price. The franchisees purchase vegetables and lettuce from a freely selectable regional supplier. All other products that meet certain Subway product specifications are subject to purchase.

Factory and office equipment must also meet Subways specifications, which limits the number of possible suppliers.

In principle, Subway does not grant any territorial protection in order not to impair the planned expansion. However, the system center takes note of the interactions between existing restaurants and planned locations. If a new Subway franchisee wants to open a new restaurant within ten miles of existing restaurants, all affected franchisees will be informed in writing and have the right to contest the new location within fourteen days.

Membership in the German Franchise Association

In 2006 Subway tried to become a full member of the German Franchise Association . In autumn 2008 the company was temporarily accepted as a full member. According to a satisfaction survey carried out by the University of Münster among franchisees, Subway's full membership was withdrawn in September 2009. Subway remained an associate member in the association. This membership expired in January 2012 and was not renewed. In 2017 Subway became a member of the German Franchise Association again and was awarded the certified seal of quality. The association uses regular system checks to check, for example, the satisfaction of the franchisees, the franchise agreement, the concept and management as well as the products and services offered.

distribution

Countries with subway branches (2015)

International

The basis of the chain's growth since 1976 has been the regional development of the markets by area developers, so-called development agents . Subway franchisees operate in a total of over 100 countries.

Worldwide, Subway has now overtaken McDonald’s in terms of the number of branches and has become the market leader since the end of 2010 . It should be noted, however, that it is far cheaper for Subway to open a new branch (hardly any seats, little space required, almost no kitchen appliances) than for McDonald's or other burger chains. The costs for ongoing operations are also lower. This means that subway branches can also pay off in smaller places where no McDonald's restaurant is profitable.

Subway and McDonald's are growing the fastest in Europe. While Subway has taken the lead with a relative sales growth of 65 percent, McDonald's leads in absolute sales growth.

Germany

Subway branches (as of July 2019)
region number
United NationsU.N. Worldwide 41,785
GermanyGermany Germany 696
SwitzerlandSwitzerland Switzerland 53
AustriaAustria Austria 39
LuxembourgLuxembourg Luxembourg 8th
LiechtensteinLiechtenstein Liechtenstein 1
Branch in Dortmund-Barop

The development of the German market is controlled by 13 regional offices and a total of 18 area developers. The restaurants in Germany are operated by around 350 different licensees. In a European comparison, Germany has the second most branches.

The first branch in Germany was opened on June 13, 1999 in Berlin on Kurfürstendamm , the 300th branch on January 12, 2006. In the meantime, there were already more than 40 branches in Berlin, but there are currently only 32. In Lübeck, opened in September 2006 the first German branch with a drive-in offer (there is no longer a subway restaurant there) and the first motorway restaurant in Würzburg . In the same year the first restaurant was built in a hospital in Wilhelmshaven . In November 2006 the 400th branch was opened in Bad Kreuznach .

On June 15, 2006, the first subway freestander opened in Bünde , a restaurant that was not integrated into an existing building, but built from scratch . In October 2007 the 500th branch was opened in Berlin-Wilmersdorf and in May 2008 the 600th. Thus, 150 new restaurants were opened in 2007. By the end of 2008, the company wanted to have a total of 750 branches, but this goal was not achieved. On December 31, 2008 there were 696 restaurants in Germany. In January 2009 the 700th branch was opened in Munich .

The company originally planned to reach a target of 1,500 branches in Germany by 2010, thereby surpassing the market leader McDonald's with its 1,333 branches. As a result of the market development, Subway extended these expansion plans for Germany initially to 2011 in 2007.

At the beginning of 2010, the chain was represented at almost 800 locations in Germany, after opening around 100 in 2009. However, this number fell in the course of 2010 due to massive internal problems to almost 700 stores at the end of 2010. In 2010, for the first time, more stores were closed in Germany than new ones opened. The number of branches continued to decrease steadily in the course of 2011, so in September 2011 there were only 616 branches, at the end of 2011 Subway was on the market with 612 restaurants. 40 branches broke away from Subway and henceforth operated under the name of Mr. Sub . In August 2013 Subway was still represented with 587 stores.

After the original expansion plans could not be implemented, there were repeated legal disputes with German franchisees. They generally complained that the average sales and margins were too low. In 2010, at least 100 German franchisees were involved in legal disputes with the company. The company had also sued renegades who had continued to operate their branches under the name of Mr. Sub and with slight changes in appearance. The district court Mannheim gave Subway right that the products and businesses of the competitors are too similar.

Subway has been back on a growth path since 2011 and has since recorded continuously increasing restaurant and sales figures. As of August 2016, there are again over 620 locations in Germany. In April 2018 there were 677 branches in Germany.

Austria

In 1995, the first subway restaurant in Europe opened on the Wiener Ring in Austria. Due to the bankruptcy of the then master franchisee in Austria , Subway had to close most of the restaurants in Austria in 2005. Only one branch in Vienna on Opernring remained.

In the last few years, Subway was able to establish itself on the Austrian market in a second attempt. On June 16, 2008, a subway restaurant opened in St. Pölten . Further branches have followed in recent years, most recently in early August 2014 in Vienna's Millennium City , three branches in Graz and one in Bruck an der Mur . Currently (as of August 2016) there are a total of 33 restaurants in Austria. The sandwich chain is thus represented in all federal states except Vorarlberg. In the second attempt, Subway is not expanding with a master franchisee, but instead, like in the other German-speaking markets, relies on several franchisees supported by regional area developers.

Switzerland

At the turn of the millennium there were five subway restaurants in Switzerland , namely in the cities of Lausanne , Lucerne , Winterthur , Geneva and Zurich . Subsequently, Subway withdrew and many of the businesses were taken over by what was then New York Pizza Connection , now the New York Food Company. After this failed attempt to establish itself in Switzerland, another subway was opened in Switzerland on August 24, 2007 with a branch at the Sihlbrücke in Zurich. Your manager wants to overtake the fast food chain McDonald's, which has 147 branches in Switzerland, in the long term. On October 17th, 2008, the second Subway branch was opened in Gossau SG. With the opening of the Stücki shopping center in Basel on September 24, 2009, a subway restaurant also opened on the knee of the Rhine. On October 29, 2009 the subway was opened in Baden's Weiten Gasse. Further restaurants in Wohlen and Olten were opened in summer 2010. They also expanded in Winterthur (opening November 24, 2010) at Helvetiaplatz in Zurich (November 2010) and Kreuzlingen TG (October 2011). In 2012, two more shops were opened by existing franchisees in Egerkingen SO (opening September 14) and in Rümlang ZH (opening August 23).

On February 7, 2013, a branch also opened in Shoppyland Schönbühl and thus for the first time in the Bern region . SUBWAY currently has 43 branches in Switzerland (as of September 2016) and has its own website aimed at the Swiss market.

Liechtenstein

On April 1, 2011, the first subway branch was opened in the Mühleholz shopping center in Vaduz .

advertising

Subway branch in Wuppertal
Subway restaurant in Moscow

The two colors in the logo that are decisive for the company are yellow and a dark green. The company's key messages in its marketing strategy are “freshly prepared in front of your eyes”, “exactly how I want it” and “eat fresh”. The guest can choose how and with which ingredients he would like to have his meal prepared. The communication target group is currently between the ages of 15 and 35, the focus is on the areas of sport and fitness.

All advertising measures are financed by a percentage contribution from the franchisees to an advertising fund. Since April 2007, Subway has been promoting the brand in the German market with TV commercials. This happens with the advertising character Sub Wayne , which was created by the Frankfurt advertising agency LommelLudwig. The name Sub Wayne is an invention of the agency alliance partner bitsinmotion, Mainz. As in the USA, all commercials use the same claim : eat fresh! In the past few years, Subway was also repeatedly present with various radio spots that were broadcast nationwide or nationwide.

In addition, each individual restaurant has the opportunity to launch promotions at a local level. These actions, known internally as local store marketing , are often based on national marketing modules. In some cases, several restaurants in a city or region join forces in order to be able to start larger advertising campaigns together.

In the USA, Subway advertised with a testimonial : Jared Fogle (born December 1, 1977 in Indianapolis , Indiana ), also known as the Subway Guy , is a company representative formerly employed by Subway. The first TV commercial with Jared aired on January 1, 2000 and told his story. Between March 1998 and February 1999, Fogle, who originally weighed 424 pounds (192 kilograms), lost more than 111 kilograms by eating just two subway sandwiches a day. From a weight of 136 kg, an extensive exercise program was added.

Jared Fogle also founded the Jared Foundation , which aims to educate children to fight obesity .

In the South Park episode Jared Has Aides (season 6, episode 2), the story of Jared Fogle was caricatured .

On July 7, 2015, Fogle and Subway announced that the business relationship between the two had ended. The background to this is an investigation against Fogle for possession of child pornography and for sexual relations with minors.

Customer loyalty

Sub Club cards and stamps

Subway offers a bonus program called a Sub Card. According to the imprint, the customer cards are valid worldwide in all participating branches.

After the successful introduction in Ireland and Great Britain, Germany will also switch from the Sub Club Card to the so-called SUBCARD ™. From December 5, 2011, guests can now collect points. One point is credited for every EUR 0.15 turnover. From 500 points the guest can exchange these for a free 15 cm sandwich of their choice, from 1000 points for a free 30 cm sandwich, in contrast to the old sub-club system, however, without purchase obligation. After payment, the points are credited to a personal online account by scanning the Aztec code on the SUBCARD ™ or the SUBCARD ™ app for smartphones. In order to use the subcard, registration is required and extensive personal data (including date of birth and telephone number) must be provided. In addition, consent is required that all purchase transactions may be saved and evaluated with place and time.

If you come to a subway restaurant within seven days and buy something there, you will receive double the number of points for the SUBCARD ™. In total, a customer can collect a maximum of 5000 points.

In addition, there is now the possibility of forming a SUBCARD® CREW with friends and acquaintances , which means that you join a group. If a member of the "crew" buys at Subway, all remaining members receive this information as a message via the app and have the opportunity to eat at Subway within a certain time window (4 hours). If a SUBCARD® CREW member buys at Subway within the time window, he will receive 50 extra points.

In all countries only the sub-card is accepted, either as a card or via the mobile phone as an app . This serves both as a bonus card and as a means of payment.

criticism

In Germany, the magazine Der Spiegel reported critically in its March 12, 2007 issue of the chain's growth and the mood among franchisees. The report quotes the President of the German Franchisee Association (DFNV) Bernd Faßbender, according to whose assumption "with a cautious estimate [...] 30 percent of the Subway stores scratched the subsistence level". Some franchisees could therefore no longer pay the contractual fees of 12.5 percent of sales to Subway. The salaries of the employees are also far below the hourly rate customary in the industry. The selection of the new franchisees is controversial. It is also reported that it is controversial that a 14-day training course and the payment of a franchise fee of 10,000 euros (originally 10,000 dollars) are sufficient for newcomers to be admitted to the system, while at McDonald's a one and a half year trainee program must be completed. On November 19, 2008, SternTV reported on dubious practices, illegal franchise agreements, insolvencies of Subway franchisees and expansion plans of Subway in Germany under the title With Franchise to Bankruptcy. As a "questionable business model" based on self-exploitation, Die Zeit cited a trade unionist in 2009 about the company's franchise system. In addition, the wage level for many of the 7,000 employees is far below average.

Also the magazine Frontal21 of June 21, 2011 criticized under the title Work until you drop - the losers at Subway excessive franchise fees. In information events for potential franchisees, unrealistic profit expectations would be aroused, additional costs such as rent or personnel would not be taken into account in the business plan presented. The extensive franchise manual, which is not handed out when the contract is signed, but only after the statutory withdrawal period has expired, is part of the “cleverly thought out” franchise contracts . The economist Markus Giesler from the University of Witten-Herdecke spoke in the program of a “radical capitalist course” and “rip-off”, franchisees are “doomed to fail”. The fate of a French franchisee is reported in detail in the report by Celine Chassé.

expansion

In his 2001 book Fast Food Nation , Eric Schlosser criticized the chain's franchising practice. Subway was involved in several legal disputes with its franchisees in the United States in the 1990s. These accused the chain of affecting the sales of existing locations by opening new locations as part of an aggressive expansion.

Size information

On June 26, 2007, the US TV station KNXV-TV reported , citing results from the Arizona Department of Weights and Measures , that the 3-foot sandwiches sold by Subway in the US were actually only 32.25 inches (82 cm) long and thus almost 10 cm shorter than the specified size. One foot is 12 inches (30.48 cm), so three feet are 36 inches (91.44 cm). According to the Arizona Department of Weights and Measures , the minimum length of a subway "3-foot Sub" should be 97 percent of the specified length (the length minus a three percent tolerance), or 34.92 inches (88.7 cm) around the to comply with official requirements. In the course of further investigations it turned out that the examined packaging, which was intended for this product group, was only 34.75 inches (88.25 cm) long and thus fell short of the maximum permissible variance. In response to these investigations, Subway stated in the USA that the company is currently reviewing its training measures, packaging materials and advertising measures with regard to the specific or implied length of so-called giant subs . Furthermore, the company intends to increasingly encourage its franchisees to only give guests the approximate number of portions represented by the product, but not specific length measurements.

Reports

Web links

Commons : Subway  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Numbers and facts Subway website
  2. ↑ a b dapd, dpa: Subway overtakes Mc Donald's. In: handelsblatt.com. March 8, 2011, accessed February 11, 2015 .
  3. ↑ Fred DeLuca and John P. Hayes: Start small, finish big . Warner Books, New York 2001, p. 38. ISBN 0-446-67756-6 .
  4. ↑ Barbara Schindler: Stockheim: most successful subway store in the DA-CH region. In: FOOD SERVICE . dfv Mediengruppe , July 20, 2015, accessed on May 24, 2020 .
  5. ↑ Subway sandwiches ready for the hospital. In: FOOD SERVICE . dfv Mediengruppe , November 20, 2006, accessed on May 24, 2020 .
  6. ↑ USA: Subway with growth in unusual places. In: FOOD SERVICE . dfv Mediengruppe , September 14, 2006, accessed on May 24, 2020 .
  7. ↑ BBQ rib. In: Your Subway®. March 27, 2018, accessed April 22, 2020 .
  8. ↑ Franchising FAQ. In: subway.com. Retrieved February 1, 2019 .
  9. ↑ a b Franchising FAQ. In: subway.com. Retrieved February 1, 2019 .
  10. ↑ Official franchise website. Retrieved September 1, 2016 .
  11. ^ Independent Purchasing Cooperative ( Memento of February 5, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Independent Purchasing Cooperative
  12. ^ European Independent Purchasing Company. Archived from the original on May 2, 2007 ; accessed on February 11, 2015 .
  13. ↑ Oliver Voß: Subway excluded from the German franchise association. wiwo.de, September 11, 2009, accessed on November 14, 2009 .
  14. ^ Subway: End of the associated membership in the DFV. February 8, 2012, accessed March 6, 2012 .
  15. ↑ Subway Germany: becomes a full member of DFV - backnetz: eu. Retrieved January 3, 2018 .
  16. ^ German Franchise Association: Subway. Retrieved December 19, 2017 .
  17. ↑ At a glance - history, brand, products, system. December 22, 2007, archived from the original on June 12, 2009 ; accessed on February 11, 2015 .
  18. ↑ Subway looking for new franchise partners ( Memento from December 18, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) franchiseing.de
  19. ↑ The Franchise Stars 2006: McDonald's wins impulse franchisor award of the year 2006 ( memento of March 30, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) franchise-net.de
  20. ↑ Franchise systems McDonald's and Subway are growing the fastest , article on franchiseportal.de
  21. ↑ a b Explore Our World
  22. ^ List of area developers. Retrieved September 1, 2016 .
  23. ↑ Numbers and facts on Subway-Sandwiches.de
  24. ↑ Facts & Figures. March 20, 2007, archived from the original on June 24, 2007 ; accessed on February 11, 2015 .
  25. ↑ Subway opens franchise branches in hospitals and truck stops on franchiseportal.de
  26. ↑ Subway sandwiches ready for the hospital. Franchisor No. 1 opens up new types of locations and opens 400th restaurant in Germany. Archived from the original on August 29, 2011 ; accessed on February 11, 2015 .
  27. ↑ Ulrich Kessler: Subway opens 500th franchise restaurant in Berlin. In: franchiseportal.de. October 11, 2007, accessed February 11, 2015 .
  28. ^ Ulrich Kessler: Subway franchise sandwich chain: More than 600 locations. In: franchiseportal.de. May 19, 2008, accessed February 11, 2015 .
  29. ↑ subway-sandwiches.de accessed December 31, 2008
  30. ↑ Ulrich Kessler: Rapid franchise expansion: 700th Subway opens in Munich. In: franchiseportal.de. January 21, 2009, accessed February 11, 2015 .
  31. ↑ 'The Sandwich Offensive' ( Memento from June 12, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) - The fast food chain Subway wants to overtake McDonald's. The goal is 1500 restaurants in Germany by March 11, 2006.
  32. ↑ Press release: '500. Subway restaurant opens in Berlin ' from October 10, 2007' ... by 2011 Subway wants to displace McDonald's from the fast food top in Germany too '
  33. ^ Subway: problematic German market becomes a matter for the boss. In: cafe-future.net. May 5, 2010, accessed February 11, 2015 .
  34. ↑ Holger Schindler: Freiburg: Fast Food: Subway: Freiburg restaurateur renounces the franchise system. Badische Zeitung, February 10, 2011, accessed on February 9, 2017 .
  35. ↑ subway.com
  36. ↑ Christian Siedenbiedel: A sandwich fails. In: FAZ.net . April 30, 2010, accessed February 11, 2015 .
  37. ↑ Alexander Sulanke: The baguette makers mutiny (fee-based website) . In: Hamburger Abendblatt , May 22, 2010. Accessed August 22, 2011. 
  38. ^ Frank Zimmermann: Gastronomy: Sandwich business: Subway returns to Freiburg. Badische Zeitung, October 28, 2013, accessed on February 9, 2017 .
  39. ↑ AHGZ about Subway. Retrieved September 1, 2016 .
  40. ↑ Explore Our World
  41. ↑ Restaurant Locator ( Memento of the original from December 9, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. to archived copy ( memento of the original from January 5, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / world.subway.com @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / world.subway.com
  42. ↑ Wirtschaftsblatt. Archived from the original on August 31, 2013 ; accessed on September 1, 2016 .
  43. ↑ 20 minutes - Sandwich Invasion 2007 - Economy. In: 20min.ch. February 22, 2010, accessed February 11, 2015 .
  44. ↑ SUBWAY Suisse Swiss subway website
  45. ↑ rush to Subwayfiliale in Vaduz. In: vaterland.li. April 1, 2011, accessed February 11, 2015 .
  46. ↑ Spot check: Subway tells Ciabatta stories with Sub Wayne. In: horizont.net. June 11, 2008, accessed February 11, 2015 .
  47. ↑ Bob Geisler: A man wants to get to the top. In: Abendblatt.de . July 7, 2004, accessed February 11, 2015 .
  48. ↑ Jared's Statistics on subway.com
  49. ^ The Jared Foundation ( Memento December 11, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  50. Jump up ↑ South Park - Jared has Aides (Season 06, Episode 02 - Jared has Aides). In: episodenguides.de. January 24, 2013, archived from the original on February 11, 2015 ; accessed on February 11, 2015 .
  51. ↑ Ex-Subway pitchman Jared Fogle to plead guilty to paying for sex with minors. Retrieved August 28, 2015 .
  52. ↑ Jared Fogle sex scandal: Subway slides into crisis , N24 , August 21, 2015
  53. ↑ a b SUBCARD - FAQs , subway.co.uk, accessed December 17, 2018
  54. ↑ My Subway Cash Card Homepage - Description of the card on the Subway customer portal for card users (English)
  55. ↑ Christine Weißenborn: Fast Food: License to cash in for Subway - Company - Wirtschaftswoche. In: wiwo.de. May 5, 2008, accessed February 11, 2015 .
  56. ↑ Fast food chain Subway: bankrupt with franchise. In: stern.de . November 19, 2008, accessed February 11, 2015 .
  57. ↑ Petra Schäfer: Fast Food Chain: The Sandwich Imperium , Die Zeit , December 17, 2009
  58. ↑ Ulrich Kessler: ZDF broadcast Frontal21 reports critically on the Subway franchise chain. In: franchiseportal.de. June 21, 2011, accessed February 11, 2015 .
  59. ↑ Frontal21 - Work till you drop - The losers at Subway (June 21, 2011). In: frontal21.zdf.de. youtube, accessed on February 11, 2015 .
  60. ↑ Thomas Münten, Heiko Rahms: Work until you drop - Nothing is left ( Memento from December 30, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) In: zdf.de
  61. ↑ Sub-standard. In: abc15.com. Archived from the original on August 11, 2007 ; accessed on February 11, 2015 .