Chelyabinsk Oblast

Subject of the Russian Federation Chelyabinsk Oblast Челябинская область flag coat of arms Federal district Ural surface 88,529  km² population 3,476,217 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010) Population density 39 inhabitants / km² Administrative center Chelyabinsk Official language Russian Ethnic composition Russians (82.3%) Tatars (5.7%) Bashkirs (4.6%) Ukrainians (2.1%) Kazakhs (1.0%) (as of 2002) governor Boris Dubrowski Founded January 17, 1934 Time zone UTC + 5 Telephone prefixes (+7) 351xx Postcodes 454000-457999 License Plate 74, 174 OKATO 75 ISO 3166-2 RU-CHE Website www.pravmin74.ru

Coordinates: 54 ° 10 ′  N , 60 ° 15 ′  E

The Chelyabinsk Oblast ( Russian Челябинская область / Tscheljabinskaja oblast ) is an oblast in Russia .

The oblast is located in the southern Urals and in the western Siberian lowlands to the east . It borders in the southeast on Kazakhstan , in the west on the Republic of Bashkortostan , in the north on the Sverdlovsk Oblast , in the south on the Orenburg Oblast and in the east on the Kurgan Oblast . The climate is strongly continental with cold winters and hot summers.

The Chelyabinsk fortress was built in 1736 , but the population did not increase until the 19th century when the railroad reached the region. Due to the arms industry, Chelyabinsk Oblast was closed to visitors during Soviet times. Three out of ten closed cities in the former Soviet Union were located here .

history

The region around Lake Arakul

There are numerous settlements of the Early Bronze Age in the area that are assigned to the Andronowo culture . Including the settlements Arkaim and Sintaschta from the 2nd millennium BC. So far 22 settlement points have been discovered. It is assumed that the Sarmatians populated the region during this period.

The region was originally settled by the Bashkirs . These lived under Mongolian rule for centuries. Although the area was nominally part of Tsarist Russia since the 16th century , Slavic settlement did not begin until the early 18th century. From 1744 to 1919 it belonged to the Orenburg governorate . On August 27, 1919, the Chelyabinsk Governorate was formed. On November 3, 1923, it disappeared from the map again. Chelyabinsk became part of the Ural Oblast . On January 17, 1934, this oblast was divided. The Chelyabinsk Oblast emerged from a sub-area . Since the separation of Kurgan Oblast on February 6, 1943, the borders of the oblast have remained unchanged.

population

The last censuses in 2002 and 2010 showed a population of 3,603,339 and 3,476,217 respectively. The number of inhabitants thus fell by 127,122 people (−3.52%) in these eight years. In 2010, 2,849,923 people lived in cities. This corresponds to 81.98% of the population (in Russia 73%). By January 1, 2014, however, the population rose again to 3,490,053. The distribution of the different ethnic groups was as follows:

The Zjuratkul lake with the Zjuratkul mountain range, which belongs to the Ural Mountains

Population of the oblast by ethnic group

nationality	VZ 1989	percent	VZ 2002	percent	VZ 2010	percent
Russians	2,929,507	80.98	2,965,885	82.31	2,829,899	81.41
Tatars	224,605	6.21	205.087	5.69	180.913	5.20
Bashkirs	161.169	4.45	166,372	4.62	162,513	4.67
Ukrainians	109,615	3.03	76,994	2.14	50,081	1.44
Kazakhs	33,230	0.92	36,219	1.01	35,297	1.02
German	39,215	1.08	28,457	0.79	18,687	0.54
Belarusians	29,068	0.80	20,355	0.56	13,035	0.37
Mordwinen	27,095	0.75	18,138	0.50	12,147	0.35
Armenians	2,293	0.06	8,601	0.24	9,311	0.27
Nagai hooks	(Tatars)	0.00	9,087	0.25	7,679	0.22
Tajiks	870	0.02	5.125	0.14	7,375	0.21
Azerbaijanis	3,475	0.10	7,379	0.20	7.213	0.21
Tschuwaschen	12,659	0.35	9,483	0.26	6,819	0.20
Jews	11,067	0.31	4,930	0.14	3,358	0.10
Residents	3,617,752	100.00	3,603,339	100.00	3,476,217	100.00

Note: the proportions refer to the total number of inhabitants. Including the group of people who did not provide any information about their ethnic affiliation (2002 8,576 and 2010 99,144 people)

The area's population is over 80% Russians. The Tatars, Bashkirs and Ukrainians are the most important ethnic minorities in Chelyabinsk Oblast. Other larger ethnic groups are the Kazakhs, Russian Germans (1959: still 48,675 people), Belarusians, Mordvins, Chuvashes and Jews. With the exception of the Kazakhs, their number is falling sharply. By contrast, tens of thousands of people have immigrated from the North Caucasus, Transcaucasus and Central Asia since the end of the Second World War. In addition to the nationalities listed above, there are also many Uzbeks (1959: 1,807; 2010: 6,446 people).

economy

The Chelyabinsk Oblast is one of the fastest developing regions in Russia and has traditionally been considered a major industrial center of the country. The leading industry is metallurgy, as the region is rich in mineral resources such as iron ore, zinc and others. This accounts for over 60 percent of the total volume of industrial production. The largest share is provided by the iron and steel combine in the city of Magnitogorsk , one of the largest steelworks in the world. The importance of metallurgy also stimulated mechanical engineering and metal processing, which are other important branches of industry. In the companies in the region u. a. Trucks, bulldozers, mechanical planers, tractors or trams are manufactured. The oblast is also a concentration point for many arms factories.

Administrative division and largest cities

→ Main article : Administrative division of Chelyabinsk Oblast

The oblast is divided into 27 Rajons and 16 districts . Four of the city districts also have the status of a “closed city” (SATO).

The most important cities besides the capital and metropolis of Chelyabinsk , the cities Magnitogorsk , Zlatoust , Miass and Kopeisk . There are a total of 30 cities and 13 urban-type settlements in the oblast .

View of the city of Magnitogorsk with the Urals River in the foreground

Biggest cities

Surname	Russian name	Resident October 14, 2010
Chelyabinsk	Челябинск	1.130.132
Magnitogorsk	Magnitogorsk	407.775
Zlatoust	Златоуст	174,962
Miass	Миасс	151.751
Koperisk	Копейск	137.601
Osjorsk	Озёрск	82.164
Troitsk	Троицк	78,372

See also : List of cities in Chelyabinsk Oblast

Chelyabinsk meteorite impact

→ Main article : Meteorite impact near Chelyabinsk on February 15, 2013

On Friday morning February 15, 2013 at 9:15 a.m. local time, a meteorite storm hit the region. More than a thousand people were injured. The roof of a building of a zinc plant in Chelyabinsk collapsed over 600 square meters as a result of the hail of meteorites. The decline of the meteorite was well documented by numerous photo and video recordings. At least six cities were affected by the impact, where windows and roofs were damaged.

Web links

Commons : Chelyabinsk Oblast  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Official website of the Government of Chelyabinsk Oblast (Russian)
• Official website of the Governor of Chelyabinsk Oblast (Russian)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Administrativno-territorialʹnoe delenie po subʺektam Rossijskoj Federacii na 1 janvarja 2010 goda (administrative-territorial division according to subjects of the Russian Federation as of January 1, 2010). ( Download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
2. ↑ ^{a b} Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
3. ↑ Marina Anselm: Archeology: Arkaim - The enigmatic spiral city in the Urals . In: THE WORLD . January 15, 2010 ( welt.de [accessed on August 12, 2020]).
4. ↑ RIA Novosti : Meteorite Fall in the Urals of February 15, 2013
5. ^ Spiegel Online: Meteorite hail in Russia: "A bang, splinters of glass" from February 15, 2013
6. ↑ Saarbrücker Zeitung : Around 400 injured after a meteorite strike in Russia: 6 cities affected  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. dated February 15, 2013