Vischering Castle

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Aerial view of the moated castle (2014)
West view of the main castle
Courtyard side of the main castle

The Burg Vischering is a Münsterland Wasserburg on the northern edge of the North Rhine-Westphalian city of Lüdinghausen . Despite being almost completely rebuilt in the 16th century, the castle has largely retained its defensive character. Among the numerous castles and palaces in the Münsterland, it is one of the oldest and best-preserved complexes.

Founded as a fortress by the Bishop of Münster in the second half of the 13th century, the castle developed into the ancestral seat of the Droste zu Vischering family , whose property the complex is still today. The name Vischering did not come into use for the castle until the second half of the 14th century. The complex was largely destroyed in a fire in 1521. It was rebuilt by 1580 and at the same time expanded in the Renaissance style. After the owners had moved their residence to Darfeld Castle in 1690 , Vischering was unused for a long time and was only managed by a rent master . After damage in the Second World War and subsequent restorations , the then Lüdinghausen district leased the castle to use it as a cultural and civic center. To this end, extensive restoration work was carried out on the buildings from the beginning of the 1970s to the mid-1980s .

The entire system is since 8 October 1986, listed building and is now home to the Münsterland Museum . External visits are possible at any time free of charge.

history

Beginnings

Lending deed from 1271

The castle owes its foundation in the 13th century to disputes between the bishop of Münster, Gerhard von der Mark , as sovereign and the lords of Lüdinghausen, the knights Hermann I and his brother Bernhard. These had built Wolfsberg Castle a little south of Lüdinghausen Castle, probably without the consent of the bishop , and so shortly before 1271 Gerhard von der Mark had Vischering Castle built as a fortress on an approximately 80-meter-long sand island in a Steverarm to protect the sovereign rights of the diocese to secure against the rebellious Lüdinghausen brothers. With a document dated July 25, 1271 he enfeoffed the Ministerial Albert III. von Wulfheim (1268–1315) with the plant and gave it to him as a hereditary kunkellehen . At that time, the von Wulfheim family had been in the service of the Münster bishops as Drosten for around 100 years and named themselves after their property near Lembeck. From the loan document it can be seen that Gerhard von der Mark not only secured the right to open the castle, but that it was also planned as an episcopal state castle . However, the planned expansion to such a facility never took place, although the castle was probably planned and built as a two-island complex from the start and did not grow to its present size later. Albert stood by three castle men to defend the complex . In addition, the bishop granted him a chaplain , a porter and a guard.

After the official designation Truchsess was adopted in the family name in the 12th century, the name Droste completely replaced it in 1309 and instead became the family name of the castle owners, although Droste was originally just a corruption of the word Truchsess. From 1455 at the latest, the Droste zu Vischering family residing in the castle called themselves to differentiate themselves by name from the other family branch that had existed since 1414. In that year the two brothers Heinrich and Johann divided up the family property and thus established two family lines. The division agreement speaks of an “olde steynhus to Vischerinck” and a “nye steynhus mit dem berchvrede”. By said there keep but no above-ground tracks more available today. Presumably he was in the eastern area of ​​the courtyard. In all likelihood, the medieval complex of that time had no windows on the outside and was only equipped with narrow loopholes . A bailey was already part of the property back then, because it was laid out in the mid-14th century at the latest. The division of the family property was followed by multiple pledges and sales , especially during the Münster collegiate feud from 1450 to 1457 . So it came about that the Hereditary Marshal of the Principality of Münster , Gerhard II. Von Morrien auf Nordkirchen , had almost all ownership rights to Vischering in his hand during the 15th century. But since his daughter Richmond married Heidenreich Droste von Vischering in 1473, the castle was returned to Drostenhand.

More recent studies assume a "fortified stone building" as a structure before it was first mentioned and date the curtain wall later.

New building in Renaissance style

Heidenreich Droste zu Vischering completed the new construction of the castle in the 16th century; Portrait from 1570

In 1521 the main castle was largely destroyed by a devastating fire. Johann von Droste zu Vischering therefore began with a new building of today's west wing in the Renaissance style, which was one storey higher than its predecessor. The reconstruction on the old foundations and taking into account the remaining building fabric took several decades, so that Johann did not live to see his end, because he died around 1540. The shell was completed in 1552 with the completion of the new south wing by his son Heidenreich (1508–1588) whose coat of arms can be found on the courtyard facade together with that of his wife Jaspara von Hoberg zu Kaldenhove. During the work, windows were broken into the previously closed curtain wall , so that the defensive character of the main castle was slightly reduced. However, a chimney in the south wing with the year 1570 proves that the interior work on the new residential building lasted up to that year. The construction of the stair tower was completed by 1580 . The west and south wings were connected by the so-called intermediate building. In 1617 , Heidenreich Droste von Vischering added an annex on the outside of the castle, which protruded far into the house pond: the so-called Auslucht .

17th to 19th century

Vischering Castle on a lithograph from the period 1837 to 1840

During the Thirty Years War , the castle was probably shortly before the 3rd / 4th. 1633 February by Hessian soldiers occupied . It is not known whether this led to armed conflicts. The occupiers stayed for a while: until at least October 1634 the complex was in Hessian hands.

At the time of Christoph Heidenreich's Droste zu Vischering as lord of the castle, Vischering was no longer the sole residence of the family. Due to his official duties as a hereditary corpse of the diocese of Münster, Christoph Heidenreich also stayed temporarily in Ahaus and Holtwick . When, after the death of his uncle Goswin in 1690, Darfeld Castle, which he had acquired in 1680, fell to him, he completely relocated there. Vischering Castle was subsequently managed by one of the family's renters, who were rarely a guest there. So it comes as no surprise that no major structural changes were made to the facility in the years after the Drostes moved away. This only changed in 1720 when Christoph Heidenreich had the outer bailey redesigned. In the course of the corresponding construction work, a two-wing farm building was added to the Bauhaus , which had existed there since the 16th century . The next - but only small - change did not take place until the 19th century. After the family was raised to the baron status on January 21, 1670 , followed in 1826 by the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm III. the elevation to the count status for Adolf Heidenreich Droste zu Vischering . This was expressed in the addition of the Vischeringer stair tower with an open crown made of wood and a weather vane on its hood .

With the move of Maximilian Count Droste to Vischering and his wife Sophie Countess von Waldburg-Zeil from Darfeld to Vischering on October 30, 1893, more life came back to the castle. In order to make it homely as a domicile for the count couple, extensive masonry and carpentry work was carried out inside. The historicist wood paneling on the walls on the first floor of the main castle probably dates from that time.

Rehabilitation, war destruction, restoration

North view of the main castle from 1891, one of the earliest surviving photographs of the complex

The summers of 1911 and 1912 were very dry and ensured that the water level in the house pond fell rapidly. The result was that the pile foundation of the castle was partially exposed and the piles began to be too modern. They lost their load-bearing capacity, which is why the entire castle complex threatened to burst apart. Cracks up to 15 cm wide appeared in the facades. In the period from 1927 to 1929, the castle owners therefore had static security carried out. The installation of reinforced concrete elements and radial anchors ensured that the wall belt, which was in danger of collapsing, was stiffened. The security concept came from Georg Rüth , who had also been involved in securing the Mainz Cathedral.

During the Second World War , an air mine detonated on the rampart of the castle in November 1944 . The resulting pressure wave caused numerous damage to the surrounding buildings. Thus, both the memory was as well as the flour mill completely destroyed and her millstone it up to the chapel on the Vorwerk thrown. The mill island completely lost its economic importance for the castle. The bridge to the outer bailey was damaged by the bomb hit, as was the drawbridge gate to the main castle. The bay window at the gatehouse of the inner castle fell down. In addition to destroyed roof sections and broken window glazing, the pressure wave also brought to light a previously unknown piece of equipment: In the so-called knight's hall , the plastering fell down and exposed colorfully ornamented ceiling beams. The extensive war damage was largely repaired in the period from 1948 to 1952. The repair of the drawbridge archway took place in 1951, the destroyed gatehouse bay was restored in 1952/1953. In 1962/1963 further repairs followed.

Establishment of the Münsterland Museum

At the beginning of the 1970s, the then Lüdinghausen district leased the castle complex to use it as a cultural center. Among other things, a museum should be set up there. For this purpose, extensive repairs were carried out on the facility between 1970 and 1972, some of which were also dismantled in order to restore the historical condition. Among other things, the gravity system was restored to its early modern state. During work on the interior of the core castle, rare Secco paintings from the 16th century and a walled-in, concealed fireplace in the knight's hall came to light. Excavation work in the inner courtyard of the main castle also uncovered the remains of the foundations of the presumably former donjon, 1.45 meters below today's courtyard level. The preserved parts of the pile grid were archaeologically examined in February 1972 and June 1973 . With the help of dendrochronology , they could be dated to the time around 1270 and thus very probably still belong to the inventory of the facility founded by Gerhard von der Mark. Other archaeological finds that cannot be precisely dated are even older and show that stone buildings stood on Burgplatz as early as 1271. In 1972 the restoration and restoration work had progressed so far that the district of Lüdinghausen was able to open the Münsterland Museum that year. With the district reform in 1975, the museum was taken over by the Coesfeld district. The restoration of the stair tower was completed by 1975.

From 1979, extensive renovation and restoration work followed in the outer bailey, because the Bauhaus there and its former smokehouse from the 19th century were also intended to be used as a museum. The other outbuildings were intended to be used as restaurants and for events. The roof structure of the Bauhaus , a four-column house , was almost completely renewed based on old models. Because the building had served as a pigsty in the 19th and 20th centuries, its stand structure had been removed and has now been reconstructed on the west side for illustrative purposes . In 1982 the smokehouse was restored before restoration of the former coach house began in 1983 . During the renovation work in the Bauhaus , remains of the foundation and piles came to light, which were examined dendrochronologically. The results proved that two previous buildings had existed there: a first from around / after 1315 and a second from around 1360. After the work was completed, the exhibition was opened in the outer bailey in 1984.

Todays use

Vischering Castle in Lüdinghausen

The castle complex now serves as the cultural center of the Coesfeld district. In this context, concerts and lectures take place in the knight's hall , while the rooms on the upper floor of the Remisenbau are used for art and cultural history changing exhibitions. Thematically, contemporary art from the region alternates with works by internationally known artists such as Eduardo Chillida . Together with the Münsterland Museum located in the castle, the events attract around 80,000 visitors to Vischering every year. A café / bistro in the former stable of the outer bailey takes care of their physical well-being.

As part of the Regionale 2016 , a structural funding program of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, the Vischering and Lüdinghausen castles were the focus of the WasserBurgenWelt project . In the course of this project, Vischering's permanent exhibition was completely redesigned and celebrated its reopening on February 4, 2018. The prerequisite for this new concept was 18-month renovation and renovation work , which cost around 9.6 million euros. In order to emphasize the connections between the two neighboring moated castles and Lüdinghausen's old town, the open river and cultural landscapes connecting them were also redesigned by creating lines of sight between the three corner points. In addition to the Münsterland Museum, Vischering Castle is now also the point of contact for a newly established network of lords of the castle.

description

Site plan of the castle complex

Vischering Castle is a two-island complex, consisting of an outer bailey with farm buildings and a core bailey to the east with the stately residential buildings, which is also called the upper bailey. Both parts are on their own islands in a about 137 × 81 meter house pond and are of a complex system of walls, ponds and moats surrounded by the Stever are fed. A narrow dam with a circular path for pedestrians runs around the house pond, which is also known as the inner river. Pedunculate oaks that are 300 to 400 years old and a large summer linden tree grow on it . This is one of three individual trees on the castle area that are protected as a natural monument. Opposite the corner of the main castle there are also some foreign trees, including false cypresses , plane trees , yews and a trumpet tree . The dam is surrounded by an external moat, which in turn is framed by a wall. There is also a circular pedestrian path along this path, which is lined in the southern and eastern parts by bizarre, approximately 350-year-old hornbeams . The large number of old trees on the castle grounds indicates a large-scale landscape and garden planning that began as early as the 17th century. In fact, a large garden and herb garden were first mentioned in the first half of the 17th century . However, this should not be imagined as a representative palace park , but rather as kitchen gardens in which fruit and vegetables were grown to supply the castle residents. They existed until at least 1780. The majority of the trees around Vischering today, however, were only planted in the 18th and 19th centuries.

Vorwerk and Mühleninsel

George's Chapel

The castle complex can be reached via a 90-meter-long avenue of lime trees that leads to the outer bailey from the west. The avenue crosses an elongated Vorwerk area called freedom , the former fortifications such as walls, moats and ramparts have now disappeared. Only the remains of a gate building are still there. The way to the outer bailey passes the so-called gatekeeper's house from the 19th century and the Georgskapelle, a simple brick building with late Gothic fish bubbles - tracery in the windows. Its pan-covered gable roof carries a roof turret . The chapel was consecrated in 1495 and still has the original altarpiece inside . This altar has neither a retable nor any other structure. On it stands a rectangular tabernacle , the doors of which are painted in Nazarene style , and a stone candlestick bench. Above that, on the altar wall, hangs a Renaissance epitaph that is almost as wide as the altar. It commemorates Erbdrosten Heidenreich Droste zu Vischering, who died in 1588, and shows a crucifixion framed by coats of arms. The ornate Flemish chandelier on the wooden flat ceiling is dated to the 17th century. In addition , the building used as a burial chapel contains a number of grave slabs and monuments belonging to the Droste zu Vischering family.

Before the visitor enters the Vorburginsel, he must first cross the so-called Mühleninsel , also called Wallkopf. It got its name because it used to be the location of two water-powered mills. These had a long tradition in Vischering, because a mill was documented as early as 1289 on the occasion of a dispute with the Lords of Lüdinghausen. The oil mill was demolished in the 18th century, while the grain mill existed until 1944. It was a simple half-timbered building whose wood was felled shortly after 1355. When the building was destroyed by an air mine in 1944, the detonation wave hurled the granite millstone in front of the George Chapel, where it is still located today. The weir , which was once very important for the defense of the castle, is located between the two mill locations and was responsible for regulating the water in the complex's extensive system of moats. It can be crossed via a bridge from 1862. Since 1549 there has been a small hatch in the southwest corner of the Wallkopf . It shows the coats of arms of the builder families Münster , Droste, Hoberg and Knehem above the lintel . The passage is flanked by loopholes on both sides .

Outer bailey

Farm buildings in the outer bailey: the two-winged coach house (left) and the Bauhaus (right)

A bridge from 1719, flanked by stone pillars , leads from the Wallkopf over the inner moat to the gate of the trapezoidal outer bailey . The bridge does not span the entire width of the water, however, so that a last, small piece is overcome by a lowered wooden drawbridge . The gate has battlements and iron-clad gate wings and is flanked on the left and right by low defensive walls with loopholes. Above the arched gateway there is a late Gothic coat of arms stone with the alliance coat of arms of Johann Droste zu Vischering and his wife Elisabeth von Münster. Below the inscription RENOV [AT] MCMXLV reports on the reconstruction after the war damage of 1944.

The dominant structure of the outer bailey is the horseshoe-shaped farm yard, which takes up roughly the northern half of the bailey island. It consists of the single-storey Bauhaus on the east side, to which the two-storey Remisenbau adjoins at an acute angle to the west. This dates from the year 1720, which can be read on its wall anchors in the form of this year, and was built by Christoph Heidenreich Droste zu Vischering and his second wife Adelheid Magdalena von Nagel using older buildings. The couple's alliance coat of arms above one of the entrance gates announces this. The ground floor of this part of the outer bailey was built from quarry and block stones , while the masonry of its upper floor consists of brick. The coach house not only offered storage space, but also housed the horse stables and the apartment for the manager. The Bauhaus was first mentioned in a document in 1414. However, it was a predecessor of the current building, as it was only rebuilt after a fire in 1584. This is evidenced by a corresponding inscription in its arched gate walls , which is accompanied by the coat of arms of the builder, Heidenreich Droste zu Vischering and his wife Jaspara von Hoberg zu Kaldenhove. The massive building is a rectangular half-timbered building with a pan-roofed gable roof. It is a four-column house typical of the Münsterland. On the ground floor there used to be a long hallway in the middle, which was followed by stables on both sides. There was a large hayloft in the attic . During renovation work between 1980 and 1983, the Bauhaus was changed to a four-column hall in order to be better used for the intended museum purpose.

On the south side of the Vorburginsel there is a smaller brick building, which is adjoined by a half-timbered house on the east side. These buildings, both of which were built after the middle of the 16th century, are probably the brewing and baking houses of Vischering Castle. The latter is equipped with a working stone oven, which is used on special occasions. Through a back door it is possible to access the dam between the inner and outer graves via a wooden walkway.

Core castle

Ground plan of the first floor in the main castle

An approximately 25 meter long wooden bridge leads to the main castle with an almost circular floor plan. In the past, access was secured by a drawbridge; the associated platform on which the lowered drawbridge rested was still preserved at the end of the 19th century. In its form as a ring-mantle castle , Vischering is unique in the Münsterland. It is based on a pile grid made of oak wood that was driven into the muddy bottom of the house pond. Its normal water level is 1.50 meters. The structure of the main castle that is visible today dates from the late Gothic and Renaissance periods. Field stones , bricks and house stones were used as building materials . The latter was used for decorative trim, medallions and garments and is made of Baumberger sandstone . The steep gable roof is covered with beaver tail tiles (also called ox tongues) that are rarely used in the Münsterland , some of which date from the 16th century.

The gatehouse on the west side of the main castle is followed by a small extension in the north. The west wing is to the south of the gate. The southern part of the main castle is formed by a hall with the so-called knight's hall on the ground floor. The two wings of the building are connected by the intermediate building. At the junction of the south wing and the intermediate building is the so-called Auslucht , a three-storey extension that protrudes into the house pond. On the courtyard side, a stair tower with a spiral staircase is built in front of the south wing . The main castle island is closed off in the east and northeast by a thick curtain wall that delimits an inner courtyard measuring between 35 and 38 meters.

Gatehouse and west wing

Based on an inscription and the coats of arms of Johann Droste zu Vischering and his wife Elisabeth von Münster, the two-story gatehouse of the main castle can be dated to 1519. It was the only part that survived the fire in 1521, making it the oldest surviving structure on the site. The frame to accommodate the former drawbridge and the pulleys are still preserved. The individual floors of the building are separated from each other on the outer facade by cornices with Gothic water hammer. There are two small cross- story windows on the second floor . At the height of the north gable there is a toilet bay , which was only changed into a toilet shaft after 1891. To the left of the round archway with the subsequent barrel-vaulted passage there is an oriel supported by console stones on the outside at the level of the first floor , the roots of which go back to the first quarter of the 17th century. After its destruction in World War II, it was restored to its old form. To the north of the gatehouse is a small single-storey half-timbered extension, which is also called a chapel extension and sits on top of the curtain wall. It was probably built by Heidenreich Droste zu Vischering (1507–1588) for his second wife Katharina Kock. Its two-storey gable, decorated with pinnacles , is similar to that of the Burgsteinfurt town hall from 1561.

To the south of the gatehouse is the simple west wing of the main castle. It was rebuilt after the fire of 1521 using the existing building fabric. Its two upper floors rise on a high basement, the arched groin vault of which rests on round supports. Drosten's bedroom was formerly on the first floor of the intermediate building to the south , which was later used as the living room of the Erbdrosten family. The renaissance chimney in this room dates from 1570. On the outside of the two parts of the building, the reconstruction after the fire on and on the medieval curtain wall is easy to see. The brick sections of the interventions are clearly visible in the quarry stone masonry, with which windows were inserted and the previous structure was increased by one storey.

Knight hall

A two-storey hall building with a barrel-vaulted cellar from the third quarter of the 16th century occupies the southern area of ​​the Kernburginsel. At that time, its building was pushed out beyond the old Bering into the house pond, thereby breaking the circular shape of the complex a little. On the outside, the wing has double relief arches over the large windows. It got its name from the large knight's hall on the ground floor with an adjoining hall chamber, which was a widespread room layout at the time of construction. The base area of ​​the two rooms has the typical ratio of 1: 2, with the hall chamber being later divided into two halves by a partition. The hall was also divided into several rooms by subsequent walls before it was dismantled and restored to its original state in the early 1970s as part of the museum furnishings. Without partition walls, it is one of the largest halls in the Münsterland. During the restoration, the large chimney on the east wall was discovered by chance. Walled up, it hid under a layer of plaster. On the lintel he has sandstone reliefs with the coats of arms of the Droste, Münster, Hoberg and Knehem families. Its date of 1570 indicates the end of the many years of interior work on this wing. In addition to its original ceiling beams decorated with colored ornaments, the knight's hall has another special feature: In the south-west corner of the room, wall paintings in the form of human and animal figures have been preserved in the window walls and on the surfaces that frame them. These were applied al secco to the plaster and are an example of profane wall painting that is rarely preserved in Westphalia . Stylistically, they point to a development in the third quarter of the 16th century.

On the courtyard facade of the south wing, between the windows of the first floor, there are circular stone medallions in Renaissance shapes, which, in addition to the year 1552, show the coat of arms of the builder Heidenreich Droste zu Vischering and his wife Jaspara von Hoberg. Their diameter is 1.07 meters. Along with two other stone medallions above the cellar entrances facing the courtyard, they are the only decorative elements on the facade. The basement medallions can be found in gothic, 1.30 meter high three-pass reliefs and presumably show the portraits of the client and his wife, the latter being already heavily weathered. The south wing has a slender, octagonal stair tower, the spiral staircase of which connects the two upper floors of the wing. The tower is structured horizontally on the outside by so-called German bands and various types of cornice. Glazed bricks were used on the upper floors to loosen up the masonry with decorative geometric patterns. Because the tower also served as a watchtower in the past, the top floor of the tower is occupied by a guardroom with a window on each of the eight sides. The slate roof of the tower is crowned by a wooden crown with a metal cover and a weather vane .

Auslucht

In the southwest the Auslucht protrudes far into the house pond on an almost square floor plan. Erected between 1617 and 1622, it is the youngest part of the castle complex. Your two upper floors have brick masonry with ashlar structure and light-colored corner blocks. Pronounced cornices, cornices and window bridge cornices on all three outer sides structure their facades in a horizontal direction. At the level of the first floor, the building has a bay window with a flat triangular gable and four windows, which is decorated with fittings made of geometric shapes such as rosettes and waffle iron motifs. The coats of arms of the Heidenreich Droste zu Vischering (1540–1622) and his wife Cornelia Ketteler zu Hovestadt identify them as the builder of the Auslucht , who began construction in 1617 - recognizable by the iron wall anchors on the long sides. The building was completed by their son Heidenreich Droste zu Vischering (1580–1643) and his wife Margarete von Raesfeld . The double coat of arms of the two with the year 1622 on the gable of the Auslucht testifies to this . This is a typical Münsterland three stepped gable , the semicircular tops are set with spheres and have a fan filling. The room on the first floor of the building has a round trapdoor in the middle of the floor through which a basement room below can be reached. The fact that it has an exit to the graves shows that this is not a former dungeon . In addition, a spiral staircase leads from the upper floor to the basement. Rather, it is a renaissance vault, in which important documents and valuables could be brought to safety in dangerous situations and, if necessary, removed from the castle from there. With this precaution, the Drosten family probably wanted to prevent their valuable title deeds from getting lost again, as happened in the fire of 1521 and the entire family archive was lost.

All buildings of the main castle stand on the edge of the inner castle island and in this way frame a castle courtyard, the northern and eastern borders of which are represented by the medieval curtain wall. The original windowless condition has been preserved on these sides. Only a wicket door leading to the graves breaks through the otherwise closed masonry. The wall about 1.60 to 1.70 meters thick at the base was built from dark turf iron stones and slab sandstone, which probably comes from the Borkenberge in the Hohe Mark-Westmünsterland Nature Park . It used to be much higher than it is today and measured about 10 meters. It was equipped with a double battlement made of half-timbered, which was probably overhanging towards the moat. The openings of the doors leading to the two battlements are still clearly visible on the courtyard facade of the south wing.

Münsterland Museum

Today the Münsterland Museum is located on the first floor of the main castle and in the farm yard of the outer castle, which presents its exhibits every day except Mondays in eight rooms on 400 square meters.

The ground floor of the Bauhaus is dedicated to a special hands-on exhibition for children that deals with the topic of “knights and horses”. Young museum visitors can not only look at the exhibits there, but also try out for themselves how heavy a chain mail is or how uncomfortable a helmet can be. The upper floor above offers exhibits relating to rural life and work. This includes tools for farming, looms and spinning wheels, but also exhibits on the subject of cooking and storage. The ground floor of the north wing of the coach house is reserved for carriages and carts. Numerous vehicles from the past are presented to the visitor, from the noble Landau to a dog cart to the simple crash cart . The upper floor is used for changing art and cultural history exhibitions.

The collection in four rooms on the first floor in the main castle is dedicated to the history of the glory , the castle and its inhabitants as well as the topic of aristocratic life in the Renaissance period. After its opening in 1972, the exhibition was redesigned in 1994 and most recently in 2018. That Vischering was once an independent rule, with which the lower jurisdiction for the gentlemen went hand in hand, is made clear by the large foot block made of wood and iron, in which three delinquents could be arrested at the same time. The Eighty Years' War was not spared from which the area around Ludinghausen, testifies to a treasure trove from neighboring Seppenrade . A wealthy farmer had buried numerous silver coins in two clay pots, but apparently no longer had the opportunity to dig them up again. On the other hand, the lords of Vischering kept their belongings in uncertain times with an iron treasure barrel, which they sunk into the castle moat. It can be seen in the exhibition as well as the iron collar of Lambert von Oer. It is a hexagonal iron ring weighing over two kilograms, the inside of which has four pointed thorns. Goddert von Hameren had the torture instrument made by a Nuremberg blacksmith put on in 1520 for Lambert von Oer, who was then resident at Kakesbeck Castle , in order to force him to relent in a dispute over land ownership rights. The then 80-year-old Lambert rode to Münster, where an armourer freed him from the collar by chiseling it open. The circlet today therefore consists of two parts and its ingenious locking mechanism is damaged. It was examined metallurgically in 2012, s. detailed presentation .

One of the most important pieces in the exhibition in terms of art history is the 16th century marriage bed belonging to Heidenreich Droste zu Vischering and his wife Jaspara. The 1.45 × 2 meter four-poster bed was part of the castle's original inventory and was given to the Münsterland Museum as an exhibit by the Droste zu Vischering family. Its wooden canopy - like the headboard - is decorated with splendid relief carvings. These show Christian motifs and scenes from Genesis around Adam and Eve . Many of the illustrations are based on representations from Hans Holbein the Younger's dance of death . In addition, the coats of arms of the Droste, Hoberg, Münster and Knehem families can be found on the bed, which can also be seen on the fireplace in the knight's hall and at the hatch on the mill island . Remnants of the earlier colored version that still exist give an idea of ​​the colorful impression the bed once made on the viewer.

  • Foot block in the exhibition

  • Iron collar of Lambert von Oer

  • Four-poster bed from Drosten von Vischering

The castle in art and culture

Scene from Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau's film The Boy in Blue

Vischering Castle is a very popular motif for postcards and photos because of its picturesque location and its largely unchanged nature. The Bundespost and Deutsche Bundespost Berlin have also discovered the system for themselves. In the castles and palaces stamp series, a 90- pfennig stamp with the castle as a motif appeared on January 11, 1979 . The postage stamp was designed by the graphic artist Heinz Schillinger . Vischering also found expression in the more recent literature. From the series of historical detective novels by the author Dennis Ehrhardt entitled Special Berg & Co. comes the result , the levels of Burg Vischering . It was published in June 2012 as a radio play by Zaubermond Verlag .

In addition, Burg Vischering can look back on a long tradition as a film location. In the numerous film documentaries about the moated castles and palaces in the Münsterland that have been produced to date, Vischering is always mentioned as a quasi-constant. But the complex was immortalized on film as early as 1919, because the director Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau used it as a backdrop for his now-lost film The Boy in Blue . In the 1980s, Hans-Christoph Blumenberg used the castle as a filming location for his crime thriller The Summer of the Samurai with Nadja Tiller and Cornelia Froboess . Vischering represented the place of residence of the film villain. Günter Wewel was also a guest at Vischering Castle. In 1996 an episode of the musical entertainment program No beautiful land was recorded there with him .

literature

  • Josef Bieker: On still waters. Castles in the Münsterland . 4th edition. Harenberg, Dortmund 1992, ISBN 3-88379-533-X , pp. 108-111.
  • Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments . North Rhine-Westphalia . Volume 2: Westphalia. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 1969, pp. 309–310.
  • Essling-Wintzer; Wolfram, Klostermann, Rudolf: News on the building history of Vischering Castle in Lüdinghausen. In: Archeology in Westphalia-Lippe (2017), pp. 119–122.
  • Bernd Fischer, Klaus Witte: The most beautiful moated castles in the Münsterland . Schaffmann & Kluge, Munich 1991, ISBN 3-616-06728-6 , pp. 76-79.
  • Lutz Dursthoff, Caroline Gutberlet, Ulrich Ernst Huse (Red.): The German castles and palaces in color . Krüger, Frankfurt am Main 1987, ISBN 3-8105-0228-6 , pp. 694-695.
  • Peter Ilisch: The income of the Vischering house as landlords in the 16th and 17th centuries (= history sheets of the Coesfeld district . No. 38). Kreisheimatverein, Coesfeld 2013, ISSN  0723-2098 , pp. 1–14.
  • Günter Kalesky: Vischering Castle and moated castles in the south of Münsterland - Lüdinghausen . Rademann, Lüdinghausen 1973, pp. 5-65.
  • Fred Kaspar and Peter Barthold: Up to the roof - new questions for Vischering Castle. In: Zeitschrift Westfalen 88 / Münster 2010, pp. 83-104.
  • Rainer Alexander Krewerth: Castles that dream in the water. The castles and manors in the Münsterland . 8/9 Edition. Aschendorff, Münster 1980, ISBN 3-402-06028-0 , pp. 148-149.
  • Rainer Alexander Krewerth: Westphalia. Land of moated castles . Hörnemann, Bielefeld 1990, ISBN 3-928193-05-8 , pp. 70-73.
  • Albert Ludorff : The architectural and art monuments of the district Lüdinghausen (= The architectural and art monuments of Westphalia . Volume 1). Schöningh, Münster 1893, pp. 62–63, plates 59–62 ( online ).
  • Susanne Maetzke: Vischering Castle (= cultural monuments in Westphalia . Issue 7). 2nd Edition. Regional Association of Westphalia-Lippe, Münster 1997.
  • Franz mills, Jenny Sarrazin: Vischering Castle (= Westphalian art sites . Issue 20). 3. Edition. Westfälischer Heimatbund, Münster 1995, ISSN  0930-3952 .
  • Karl Eugen Mummenhoff : The secular architecture in the upper monastery of Münster from 1450–1650 (= Westphalia . Special issue 15), Münster 1961, pp. 276–285.
  • Münsterlandmuseum (Hrsg.): Burg Vischering 1984. Commemorative publication for the opening of the folklore department of the Münsterlandmuseum Burg Vischering in the restored Bauhaus on August 31, 1984 (= contributions to regional and folklore of the Coesfeld district . Volume 20). Münsterland Museum, Lüdinghausen 1984.
  • Eberhard Gustav Neumann: Water castles in Westphalia . Troponwerke, Cologne 1965, no p.
  • Anita Rolf (Red.): Castles and palaces in Germany . Mairs Geographischer Verlag, Ostfildern 1982, pp. 72-75.
  • Jenny Sarrazin (Red.): Vischering Castle. Fortified castle and residence (= contributions to regional and folklore of the Coesfeld district. Volume 26). Laumann, Dülmen 1993, ISBN 3-87466-199-7 .
  • Wolfgang Felix Schmitt: Vischering Castle . In: The fascination of castles and palaces. North Rhine-Westphalia . Weltbild, Augsburg 2006, pp. 20-25.
  • Erich Tönspeterotto, Birgit Cremers-Schiemann: Castles in the Münsterland . Artcolor, Hamm 1994, ISBN 3-89261-125-4 , pp. 200-205.
  • Joachim Zeune : Castles and Palaces. Germany . Schmid, Regensburg [approx. 1999], ISBN 3-930572-38-9 , pp. 46-47.

Web links

Commons : Burg Vischering  - Collection of images

Vischering Castle as a 3D model in SketchUp's 3D warehouse

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c L. Dursthoff u. a. (Red.): The German castles and palaces in color , 1978, p. 694.
  2. ↑ G. Kalesky: Burg Vischering and moated castles South Münsterland - Lüdinghausen , 1973, p. 10
  3. ^ Susanne Maetzke: The feud of 1271 . In: J. Sarrazin (Red.): Burg Vischering. Wehrburg and residence , 1993, p. 28.
  4. ↑ G. Dehio: Handbook of the German art monuments. North Rhine-Westphalia , 1969, p. 309.
  5. ↑ a b S. Maetzke: Burg Vischering , 1997, p. 20.
  6. ↑ a b F. Mühlen, J. Sarrazin: Burg Vischering , 1995, p. 3.
  7. ↑ Susanne Maetzke: The Droste and his office . In: J. Sarrazin (Red.): Burg Vischering. Wehrburg and residence , 1993, p. 24.
  8. ↑ S. Maetzke: Burg Vischering , 1997, p. 11.
  9. ^ Susanne Maetzke: The feud of 1271 . In: J. Sarrazin (Red.): Burg Vischering. Wehrburg and residence , 1993, p. 30.
  10. ↑ a b Information on Darfeld in the digital Westphalian document database of the Westfälische Geschichte Internet portal , accessed on February 10, 2014.
  11. ↑ a b S. Maetzke: Burg Vischering , 1997, p. 31.
  12. ↑ Susanne Maetzke: Vischering Castle in the Middle Ages and early modern times . In: J. Sarrazin (Red.): Burg Vischering. Wehrburg and residence , 1993, p. 33.
  13. ^ WF Schmitt: Burg Vischering , 2006, p. 22.
  14. ↑ B. Fischer, K. Witte: The most beautiful water castles in the Münsterland , 1991, p. 77.
  15. ↑ a b W. F. Schmitt: Burg Vischering , 2006, p. 24.
  16. ^ A b J. Sarrazin: Vischering: Castle and residence . In: J. Sarrazin (Red.): Burg Vischering. Wehrburg and residence , 1993, p. 85.
  17. ↑ Essling-Wintzer; Wolfram, Klostermann, Rudolf: News on the building history of Vischering Castle in Lüdinghausen . In: Archeology in Westphalia-Lippe (2017), p. 122
  18. ↑ F. Mühlen, J. Sarrazin: Burg Vischering , 1995, p. 11.
  19. ↑ a b S. Maetzke: Burg Vischering , 1997, p. 27.
  20. ^ Susanne Maetzke: From the fortified castle to the residential castle . In: J. Sarrazin (Red.): Burg Vischering. Wehrburg and residence , 1993, p. 102.
  21. ^ Susanne Maetzke: Vischering Castle in the Thirty Years' War . In: J. Sarrazin (Red.): Burg Vischering. Wehrburg and residence , 1993, p. 46.
  22. ^ Susanne Maetzke: Vischering Castle in the Thirty Years' War . In: J. Sarrazin (Red.): Burg Vischering. Wehrburg and residence , 1993, p. 47.
  23. ↑ S. Maetzke: Burg Vischering , 1997, p. 28.
  24. ↑ Susanne Maetzke: The turn of the 20th century: A renaissance for Vischering Castle . In: J. Sarrazin (Red.): Burg Vischering. Wehrburg and residence , 1993, p. 136.
  25. ^ A b Susanne Maetzke: The turn of the 20th century: A renaissance for Burg Vischering . In: J. Sarrazin (Red.): Burg Vischering. Wehrburg and residence , 1993, p. 137.
  26. ↑ S. Maetzke: Burg Vischering , 1997, p. 35.
  27. ↑ Susanne Maetzke: The turn of the 20th century: A renaissance for Vischering Castle . In: J. Sarrazin (Red.): Burg Vischering. Wehrburg and residence , 1993, p. 138.
  28. ↑ A. Rolf (Red.): Burgen und Schlösser in Deutschland , 1982, p. 75.
  29. ↑ a b c Johannes Loy: Sometimes kitschy, sometimes art. Vischering Castle in the picture / From the woodcut to the beer mug . In: Westfälische Nachrichten . Issued August 9, 1997.
  30. ^ August Kracht : The manors of the province of Westphalia . Weidlich, Frankfurt am Main 1972, ISBN 3-8035-0560-7 , p. 96.
  31. ↑ a b F. Mühlen, J. Sarrazin: Burg Vischering , 1995, p. 10.
  32. ↑ Susanne Maetzke: The turn of the 20th century: A renaissance for Vischering Castle . In: J. Sarrazin (Red.): Burg Vischering. Wehrburg und Wohnsitz , 1993, p. 138. However, an inscription on the drawbridge gate mentions the year 1945.
  33. ↑ Susanne Maetzke: The turn of the 20th century: A renaissance for Vischering Castle . In: J. Sarrazin (Red.): Burg Vischering. Wehrburg and Residence , 1993, pp. 138–140.
  34. ↑ Reinhild Mackowiak: The living culture of the Renaissance . In: J. Sarrazin (Red.): Burg Vischering. Wehrburg and residence , 1993, p. 118.
  35. ↑ a b S. Maetzke: Burg Vischering , 1997, p. 22.
  36. ↑ G. Kalesky: Burg Vischering and moated castles South Münsterland - Lüdinghausen , 1973, p 58th
  37. ↑ F. Mühlen, J. Sarrazin: Burg Vischering , 1995, p. 5.
  38. ^ J. Sarrazin: Vischering: castle and residence . In: J. Sarrazin (Red.): Burg Vischering. Wehrburg and residence , 1993, p. 81.
  39. ^ A b Susanne Maetzke: The turn of the 20th century: A renaissance for Burg Vischering . In: J. Sarrazin (Red.): Burg Vischering. Wehrburg and residence , 1993, p. 141.
  40. ↑ a b c J. Sarrazin: Vischering: Castle and residence . In: J. Sarrazin (Red.): Burg Vischering. Wehrburg and residence , 1993, p. 87.
  41. ↑ Trap door and instruments of torture at Vischering Castle . In: Westfälische Nachrichten . Issued July 30, 1997.
  42. ^ S. Maetzke: Burg Vischering , 1997, p. 36.
  43. ↑ a b Johannes Loy: Vischering Castle - a pearl with a fine patina. In: Westfälische Nachrichten . Edition of January 31, 2018 ( online ).
  44. ↑ Internet site for the project WasserBurgenWelt der Regionale 2016 , accessed on April 6, 2018.
  45. ↑ a b Information according to the cadastral map for Lüdinghausen available online.
  46. ↑ a b F. Mühlen, J. Sarrazin: Burg Vischering , 1995, p. 16.
  47. ↑ G. Kalesky: Burg Vischering and moated castles South Münsterland - Lüdinghausen , 1973, p 62nd
  48. ↑ G. Kalesky: Burg Vischering and moated castles South Münsterland - Lüdinghausen , 1973, p 61st
  49. ↑ a b c Information on Vischering Castle in the garden culture portal in Westphalia-Lippe , accessed on February 8, 2014.
  50. ↑ Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe: Garden of Vischering Castle in LWL GeodatenKultur, accessed on February 11, 2014.
  51. ↑ G. Kalesky: Burg Vischering and moated castles South Münsterland - Lüdinghausen , 1973, p. 6
  52. ↑ a b c d e G. Dehio: Handbook of German Art Monuments. North Rhine-Westphalia , 1969, p. 310.
  53. ↑ F. Mühlen, J. Sarrazin: Burg Vischering , 1995, p. 15.
  54. ↑ Local time Münsterland ( Memento from March 5, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) from February 25, 2014; available until March 1, 2014
  55. ^ S. Maetzke: Burg Vischering , 1997, p. 16.
  56. ^ Susanne Maetzke: From the fortified castle to the residential castle . In: J. Sarrazin (Red.): Burg Vischering. Wehrburg and residence , 1993, p. 103.
  57. ↑ a b E. Tönspeterotto, B. Cremers-Schiemann: Schlösser im Münsterland , 1994, p. 201.
  58. ^ Heraldry Gallery by Bernhard Peter , accessed on February 9, 2014.
  59. ↑ a b S. Maetzke: Burg Vischering , 1997, p. 32.
  60. ↑ Bodo Ebhardt : The defense construction of Europe in the Middle Ages . Volume 1. Reprint of the 1939 edition. Flechsig, Würzburg 1998, ISBN 3-88189-243-5 , p. 119.
  61. ↑ G. Kalesky: Burg Vischering and moated castles South Münsterland - Lüdinghausen , 1973, p. 11
  62. ^ S. Maetzke: Burg Vischering , 1997, p. 21.
  63. ↑ J. Bieker: On still waters. Schlösser im Münsterland , 1992, p. 109.
  64. ↑ E. Tönspeterotto, B. Cremers-Schiemann: Schlösser im Münsterland , 1994, p. 200.
  65. ^ S. Maetzke: Burg Vischering , 1997, pp. 21-22.
  66. ↑ S. Maetzke: Burg Vischering , 1997, p. 25.
  67. ↑ Reinhild Mackowiak: The living culture of the Renaissance . In: J. Sarrazin (Red.): Burg Vischering. Wehrburg and residence , 1993, p. 125.
  68. ↑ a b c A. Ludorff: Die Bau- und Kunstdenkmäler des Kreis Lüdinghausen , 1893, p. 63.
  69. ↑ G. Kalesky: Burg Vischering and moated castles South Münsterland - Lüdinghausen , 1973, p 29th
  70. ^ A b Jenny Sarrazin: The living culture of the Renaissance. Dungeon or basement? In: J. Sarrazin (Red.): Burg Vischering. Wehrburg and residence , 1993, p. 136.
  71. ↑ F. Mühlen, J. Sarrazin: Burg Vischering , 1995, p. 6.
  72. ↑ G. Kalesky: Burg Vischering and moated castles South Münsterland - Lüdinghausen , 1973, p. 14
  73. ↑ Jenny Sarrazin: A castle changes its face . In: J. Sarrazin (Red.): Burg Vischering. Wehrburg and residence , 1993, p. 107.
  74. ↑ a b R. A. Krewerth: Castles that dream in the water. The castles and manors in the Münsterland , 1980, p. 149.
  75. ^ Karl Eugen Mummenhoff: Moated castles in Westphalia . 3. Edition. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 1968, p. 14.
  76. ↑ F. Mühlen, J. Sarrazin: Burg Vischering , 1995, p. 18.
  77. ↑ The collar of Lambert von Oer . In: J. Sarrazin (Red.): Burg Vischering. Wehrburg and residence , 1993, p. 143.
  78. Jump up ↑ Jan Popp-Sewing: Vischering Castle and the iron thorn collar of Lambert von Oer , accessed on February 13, 2014.
  79. ↑ Reinhild Mackowiak: The bed of the Heidenreich Droste in Vischering . In: J. Sarrazin (Red.): Burg Vischering. Wehrburg and residence , 1993, p. 125.
  80. ↑ F. Mühlen, J. Sarrazin: Burg Vischering , 1995, p. 20.
This version was added to the list of articles worth reading on April 5, 2014 .

Coordinates: 51 ° 46 ′ 33.8 "  N , 7 ° 26 ′ 35"  E