Comloșu Mare

Comloșu Mare Großkomlosch, Groß-Komlosch Nagykomlós
Basic data
State :	Romania
Historical region :	Banat
Circle :	Timiș
Coordinates :	45 ° 53 '  N , 20 ° 38'  E Coordinates: 45 ° 53 '26 "  N , 20 ° 37' 38"  E
Time zone :	EET ( UTC +2)
Height :	85  m
Area :	101.42  km²
Residents :	4,737 (October 20, 2011)
Population density :	47 inhabitants per km²
Postal code :	307120
Telephone code :	(+40) 02 56
License plate :	TM
Structure and administration (as of 2016)
Community type :	local community
Structure :	Comloşu Mare, Comloşu Mic , Lunga
Mayor :	Ovidiu Nicolae Ștefănescu ( PSD )
Postal address :	Str. Principală, no. 655 loc. Comloșu Mare, jud. Timiș, RO-307120
Website :	www.e-primarii.ro/primaria-comlosumare

Location of Comloșu Mare in Timiș County

The center of Comloșu Mare 2003

Main street of Comloșu Mare

Comlosch on the Josephine land survey of 1717

Comloșu Mare ( German  Großkomlosch , Groß-Komlosch , Hungarian Nagykomlós , Serbian Велиҝи Комлош Veliki Komluš ) is a municipality in the southwest of the Timiș district , in the Banat region , in southwest Romania , near the border with Serbia .

location

Comloşu Mare is located on Drum național 59C 60 kilometers northwest of Timişoara ( Timisoara ) and 2 kilometers from the Romanian-Serbian border .

Neighboring places

Teremia Mare	Tomnatic	Thank god
Lunga		Grabaț
Nakovo	Banatsko Veliko Selo	Comloșu Mic

history

The place was first mentioned in 1446 as the property of the large landowners Mihai and Anrdei Comloșan . The place Comlosch is entered on the Josephine land survey of 1717 . After the Peace of Passarowitz (1718) the village was part of the Habsburg crown domain Temescher Banat . There were two houses here on the Mercy map from 1723. In 1734 Romanians from Oltenia settled in what is now Comloşu Mare . In 1781 the place was settled with Germans from Luxembourg .

The Nako family, an ancient family from Greek Macedonia, played an important role in the history of the community. Two brothers, Christoph and Cyrill, came to Hungary in 1760 and leased extensive land in the area of Groß Sankt Nikolaus and Altbeschenowa . Finally, in 1781, they acquired the estates of Grand Saint Nicholas and Teremi . Cyrill's son, Josef Nako, inherited the estate around Teremi, to which Komlosch also belonged. After his death in 1838 his son Johann took over the estate. In 1840 he had a fort built in Komlosch and a park laid out, which was one of the sights of the Banat until it was converted into arable land in the 1920s as a result of the land reform of 1921 in the Kingdom of Romania . Johann Nako's only heiress, daughter Mileva, became Duchess of San Marco by marriage . After the Duke's death in 1888, the Duchess devoted herself to charitable causes. In 1889 she called the sisters of the Order of St. Vincent von Paul to Komlosch, for whom she had a monastery built with rooms for a girls' boarding school and an educational wing.

After the Austro-Hungarian Compromise (1867), the Banat was annexed to the Kingdom of Hungary within the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary . At the beginning of the 20th century, the law for the Magyarization of place names (Ga. 4/1898) was applied. The official place name was Nagykomlós . The Hungarian place names remained valid in the Kingdom of Romania until the administrative reform of 1923 when the Romanian place names were introduced.

The Treaty of Trianon on June 4, 1920 resulted in the division of the Banat into three parts , whereby Comloşu Mare fell to the Kingdom of Romania .

As a result of the Waffen-SS Agreement of May 12, 1943 between the Antonescu government and Hitler's Germany , all men of German origin who were conscripted into the German army. Before the end of the war, in January 1945, all ethnic German women between the ages of 18 and 30 and men between the ages of 16 and 45 were deported to the Soviet Union for reconstruction work . The Land Reform Act of March 23, 1945 , which provided for the expropriation of German farmers in Romania, deprived the rural population of their livelihoods. The Nationalization Act of June 11, 1948 provided for the nationalization of all industrial and commercial enterprises, banks and insurance companies, whereby all commercial enterprises were expropriated regardless of ethnicity. On June 18, 1951, the deportation took place in the Bărăgan steppe , according to the "plan for the evacuation of elements over a section of 25 km, the presence of which constitutes a danger for the border area with Yugoslavia". When the Bărăgan displaced people returned home in 1956, they got back the houses and farms that had been expropriated in 1945, but the land ownership was collectivized .

Culture

church

The parish's Roman Catholic church was built in Gothic style in 1868, the Greek Catholic church between 1889 and 1891. The cornerstone of the Orthodox church was laid in 1933 and is located in the parish village of Lunga .

school

In 1833 the new school was built and in 1892 a girls' school for the Poor School Sisters of Notre Dame was established. In addition to school classes, there was also a boarding school for girls in the monastery.

The current school has been in operation since 1949. It was completely renovated in 2003 and has 21 classrooms, 2 laboratories, 1 IT room, a library with 4,300 volumes and a sports hall. 29 teachers look after 450 students.

economy

At first, the economic life of the residents of Comloșu Mare was characterized by sheep farming. After the settlement of the Germans, agriculture developed more and more . Trade and handicrafts also played an important role.

Residents

Serbs

After the victory over the Turks in the Battle of Zenta (1697), the first Serbs came to Comloşu Mare. They mainly dealt with sheep breeding. The Serbs built the Greek Orthodox Serbian Church on a hill where the current school is located. They called the place Veliki Komluš .

Romanians

After the Peace of Passarowitz (1717), Little Wallachia (Oltenia) became an Austrian province. After the Turks took Belgrade in 1739 , part of the population from Oltenia was forced to flee. In 1739, 28 families from Craiova , Slatina and Polovragi settled in Comloșu Mare. The Oltener also mainly dealt with sheep breeding.

Slovaks

In 1781 Christoph Náko bought the estate. In 1782, as a result of the Náko brothers' recruitment campaign, some Slovak families settled in Comloşu Mare. The Slovaks were Protestant, the first Lutherans in the Banat.

German

In 1771 the first Germans were settled from Luxembourg . In 1788 German settlers came from Moravia . Between 1791 and 1794, more Germans were added by internal migration from other German locations in the Banat. The Germans were mainly occupied with arable farming and agriculture . But there were also craftsmen among them. It is documented that the first blacksmith from Comloșu Mare, Johann Kastl, and the first Wagner , Anton Rothschuh, were Germans. The Germans were of the Roman Catholic faith.

Town twinning

Immediately after reunification, between 1992 and 1994, the then mayor Ioan Ciorba concluded partnerships with the neighboring Serbian towns of Kikinda and Nakovo ( Nakodorf ).

Personalities

• Iulian Grozescu (1839–1872), poet and journalist
• Anna Sage (1889–1947), prostitute and brothel manager ("Lady in Red")
• Hans Diplich (1909–1990), poet and writer
• Ion Iancu (1931–2008), orchestra conductor and director of the Timișoara Opera
• Walter Kindl (* 1943), musicologist and cathedral music director
• William Totok (* 1951), writer and journalist

See also

• List of German and Hungarian names of Romanian places
• List of localities in the Banat

literature

• Martin Kurzhals: Short history of the Banate and its German settlement. The past of the village of Großkomlosch. The Nako family. Temeschburg 1940. (Revised edition: Martin Kurzhals / Hans Diplich: Heimatbuch der Heidegemeinde Großkomlosch im Banat, St. Michael 1983.)
• Nikolaus Horn (Ed.): Family book of the Catholic parish Sellesch (branch) Groß-Komlosch in the Banat 1793-1830 / 36 .
• Elke Hoffmann, Peter-Dietmar Leber and Walter Wolf: The Banat and the Banat Swabians. Volume 5. Cities and Villages , Media Group Universal Grafische Betriebe München GmbH, Munich, 2011, 670 pages, ISBN 3-922979-63-7 .

Web links

• pressalert.ro , The history of the Komlosch Castle ( Romanian )
• Comloșu Mare in the 2002 census

Individual evidence

1. ↑ 2011 census in Romania at citypopulation.de
2. ↑ Mayoral elections 2016 in Romania ( MS Excel ; 256 kB)
3. ^ ^{A b} Elke Hoffmann, Peter Dietmar Leber and Walter Wolf : The Banat and the Banater Swabians. Volume 5. Cities and Villages , Media Group Universal Grafische Betriebe München GmbH, Munich, 2011, 670 pages, ISBN 3-922979-63-7
4. ^ Gerhard Seewann : History of the Germans in Hungary , Volume 2 1860 to 2006, Herder Institute, Marburg 2012
5. ↑ Liana Păun: TIMIȘOARA UITATĂ Prietenul lui Eminescu, Iulian Grozescu, poetul bănățean, născut într-o familie de olteni. În ce asasinat ar fi fost implicat. pressalert.ro, May 31, 2015, accessed on August 27, 2018 (Romanian). 
6. ↑ iancu.com , Ion Iancu
7. ↑ cimec.ro , Opera Română
8. ↑ Groß-Komlosch at banaterheide.de ( Memento from October 12, 2016 in the Internet Archive )