German industrial plants

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Deutsche Industrie-Werke GmbH
legal form Company with limited liability
founding 1925 (as Deutsche Industriewerke AG )
Seat Berlin - Spandau , Germany
Branch Railway wagon construction , motor vehicle manufacturers , shipbuilding , armaments industry , shipyard operators

The German industrial plants are a German company based in Berlin-Spandau . In the eventful history of the works, among other things, railway cars , motorcycles , automobiles , ships and armaments were manufactured.

history

prehistory

After the loss of the First World War , all state armaments facilities were demilitarized in accordance with the restrictions of the Versailles Treaty . This included the 1722 founded Royal Prussian gun factory , the 1920 decision of the Weimar National Assembly in the German Werke AG was transferred. This initially produced items for daily use under now private management, e.g. B. Pots and kitchen equipment. Since the machines were only partially dismantled and foundries and forges still existed, taps and iron agricultural implements as well as railroad cars and motorcycles could be produced. The first motorcycles were offered under the name Star , later production took place under the name Derad , since 1924 under the name D-Rad .

1925 to 1932

D-Rad R11, built in 1931

On April 1, 1925, parts of Deutsche Werke AG, including the D-Wagen and D-Rad divisions, were reorganized into the German Motor Vehicle Works AG . The Deutsche Werke AG leased the site in Berlin-Spandau to this company; the capital stock was 5 million Reichsmarks . The supervisory board included a. the former Reich Treasury Minister Heinrich Albert and Wilhelm Lenzmann . In 1926, this AG was incorporated into Deutsche Industriewerke AG , a company of the VIAG group, founded a year earlier . Thanks to the motorization that started in Germany and the low price of the products, the company became one of the most successful vehicle manufacturers in the German Empire. 25,500 of the motorcycle model R 0/4 alone were produced.

In 1927 the plants already had over 5,300 employees. In the same year the successor model R 0/5 appeared , of which 2,000 copies were sold; a year later the performance-enhanced R 0/6 motorcycle . Around 10,000 copies of the R 0/9 produced from 1929 were built; A three-wheeled delivery van also appeared under the designation D-Lieferwagen L 7 .

As a result of the global economic crisis , the order situation has deteriorated increasingly since the early 1930s. In 1932 the company only had around 800 employees. Vehicle production ended in the same year. By then around 83,000 motorcycles had been built, which made Deutsche Industriewerke AG one of the largest vehicle plants of its time. 1932 merged the D-wheel-production with the NSU engine plants . While maintaining the production facilities in Berlin-Spandau, motorcycles were now produced there as NSU-D-Rad .

1933 to 1945

Memorial plaque for the forced laborers at Deutsche Industriewerke AG in Berlin-Spandau

After the seizure of power by the National Socialists, the work benefited from the German rearmament . Bombs, ammunition and other armaments were produced until 1945. The people's rifle for equipping the Volkssturm , which was set up towards the end of the Second World War , was also developed there.

From 1940, when the majority of the male employees were called up for military service, forced laborers were increasingly required , mainly women and girls from the areas occupied by the Wehrmacht in Eastern and Southeastern Europe.

At the beginning of 1943, over 1,500 female forced laborers were employed at the German industrial works. These were housed in a satellite camp of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp near the works in Berlin-Spandau. Many died from abuse, malnutrition and inhumane working conditions. On April 21, 1945, the satellite camp at the approach of the was the Red Army from the SS evacuated and driven the forced laborers towards Sachsenhausen concentration camp. The further fate of the workers is only known in isolated cases.

1945 until today

Inland navigation vessel Bevenrode , built at the Berlin shipyard of Deutsche Industriewerke

After partial dismantling, production was resumed in 1950 at the factories now located in the British sector of the four- sector city ​​of Berlin. Until 1968 they belonged to Salzgitter AG , since 1985 they have been part of the Hegemann Group . There the plant is run as Deutsche Industrie-Werke GmbH , which operates an inland shipyard and offers services for recreational shipping.

D-wheel

From 1922 to August 1932, around 60,000 D-Rad motorcycles were built in Spandau . The most famous models were Star, M-23, M24, RO / 4, RO / 5, RO / 6, R-9, R-10, R-11 and R-20.

The M-23 had a 2-cylinder boxer engine with 3 HP, from model RO / 4 there was a 1-cylinder engine with 500 cc and 8 HP. The R 1/4 had 12 hp, the R-10 around 20 hp. The D-Rad R-20 was specifically designed for that time (1931) "exempt class" with a 200 cc large 1 cylinder - two-stroke engine made from about 6 PS constructed. Its engine was manufactured by the Bark company (Dresden).

D-car

In autumn 1924, a 5/25 HP car was presented at the Berlin Motor Show. Production of the four-seat, four-door touring car began in Spandau in 1925. The vehicle was equipped with an in-line four - cylinder engine which produced 25 hp (18.3 kW) from a 1.3 liter displacement.

In 1926 production was stopped again. In 1928, Ambi-Budd Presswerke GmbH in Berlin-Johannisthal acquired the remaining car body shop.

D delivery van L 7

D-delivery van L 7 in Berlin 1946

The three-wheeled delivery van L7 was produced from 1927 to 1930 . The engine technology was taken over from the D-Rad.

Remarks

  1. ↑ The subcamp was located in Berlin-Spandau, Pichelswerderstrasse 9. The placement in the subcamps was mainly to reduce long walking distances and to avoid confronting the German population with the daily sight of the marching female forced laborers.

Web links

Commons : Deutsche Industriewerke  - Collection of Images

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Meyers Lexikon, Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig 1925, columns 682/683
  2. ^ German industrial works . In: Berliner Adreßbuch , 1943, p. 462 (advert in the Berlin address book).
  3. ↑ a b Immo Sievers: two-wheel - four-wheel - all-wheel. Vehicle construction in Spandau . Edition Diesel Queen, Berlin-Friedenau 1995.
  4. ↑ Excerpts from the AJC list of companies that are said to have employed forced laborers. Website of the Tagesspiegel from January 27, 2000. Accessed on January 3, 2016.
  5. ↑ Camp lists and reminder reports (PDF; 265 kB) New sources on the topography and medical care of the Berlin forced labor camps , page 10, table 2. Retrieved on January 17, 2016.
  6. ↑ Manuela R. Hrdlicka: Everyday life in the concentration camp. The Sachsenhausen camp near Berlin . VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften , Wiesbaden 1992. ISBN 978-3-8100-0847-3 , page 86.
  7. ↑ When People Are Sorted Weekly the Friday August 2, 2002. Retrieved January 2, 2016.
  8. ↑ Hegemann Group ( Memento of the original from January 18, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Homepage of the Hegemann Group . Retrieved January 6, 2016. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.hegemann-gruppe.de

swell

  • The big D-Rad book , HP-Verlag Mark Schaller.
  • Immo Sievers: two-wheel - four-wheel - all-wheel. Vehicle construction in Spandau . Edition Diesel Queen, Berlin-Friedenau 1995, ISBN 978-3-9265-7404-6 .
  • Werner Oswald : German Cars 1920–1945 . 10th edition. Motorbuch Verlag Stuttgart (1996). ISBN 3-87943-519-7 . Page 438.