Hannoversche Waggonfabrik

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Hannoversche Waggonfabrik AG (HAWA)
legal form Corporation
founding February 6, 1898 (as Hannoversche Holzverarbeitungungs- und Waggonfabriken AG )
resolution 1933
Reason for dissolution Liquidation as a result of the global economic crisis
Seat Hanover - Linden , Germany
management Hermann Dorner (chief designer)
Branch Motor vehicle manufacturers , railway car manufacturers , tram manufacturers , aircraft manufacturers , agricultural machinery manufacturers

Former administration building on Göttinger Chaussee (today: Göttinger Hof)

The Hannoversche Waggonfabrik AG (HAWA) in Hanover - Linden produced railway cars , trams , automobiles , fighter planes and agricultural machinery from 1898 to 1933 .

prehistory

Interior photo of Üstra Tw 172 ("steel car")

The artillery - Rademacher Heinrich Christian Oelschläger operating since 1830 in Linden the Rademacherhandwerk. His enterprising son Friedrich Oelschläger received permission in 1857 to manufacture carriage wagons. He also manufactured individual parts such as wheels, drawbars, axles and carried out repairs.

The business was transferred to Wilhelm Buschbaum, who found a partner in the cartwright Fritz Holland , who ensured the expansion of the building program and the enlargement of the factory. When there was a great need for railway vehicles, the company switched to wagon construction. In 1891 they received their first wagon order for 25 horse-drawn trams for the Hanover tram. After further tram orders for Braunschweig and Stadthagen , the first order for passenger and freight cars for the Börßum - Hornburg railway followed in 1895 (cf. Osterwieck-Wasserleben Railway ).

After Max Menzel (born July 25, 1858 in Gadebusch ; † 1903) secured financial support from the Hanover bank Ephraim Meyer & Sohn , he approached the Buschbaum & Holland company , and after lengthy negotiations the public limited company was finally founded. It was founded at a time of stagnation; six wagon factories were founded in that year. Unfavorable terms of payment and strongly depressed prices delayed the upswing in spite of a large number of orders. After the company had succeeded in receiving significant orders from abroad, mostly for tram cars, which it produced in partnership with AEG , these difficulties were overcome.

history

Full-page advertisement listing the products of passenger cars , freight cars , tank cars , refrigerated cars , trams , omnibuses ;
Illustrirten Zeitung from April 20, 1911, signed Änne Koken
A Hannover CL. II from 1918
Share of 100 RM in Hannoversche Waggonfabrik AG from March 15, 1926

The company was founded on February 6, 1898 in Linden near Hanover as Hannoversche Holzverarbeitungungs- und Waggonfabriken (formerly Max Menzel and Buschbaum & Holland) AG . The object of the company was the operation of a wagon construction, wagon construction and woodworking factory, in particular for the production and utilization of all types of railway, tram and other wagons, the production and sale of all items required for equipping railway and other means of transport. In 1904 the company name was changed to Hannoversche Waggonfabrik AG and in 1925 to Hannoversche Waggonfabrik AG (Hawa) .

HAWA was known for its company sports. In 1921 and 1922 Hawa-Alexandria Hanover was runner-up in the rugby union in Germany .

Shortly after the German hyperinflation , HAWA went bankrupt for the first time , tearing the Ephraim Meyer & Sohn bank into serious payment difficulties in 1924: The bank had issued a guarantee to be redeemed on a HAWA bond and now had to be supported by a consortium of other private banks initiated by the Reichsbank become. As a result, the founding Meyer family lost their shares in the bank; these were taken over by the banking house ZH Gumpel .

On December 14, 1931, HAWA had to register a court settlement procedure as a result of the global economic crisis . On February 17, 1932, it was decided to liquidate the company.

After the bankruptcy was settled in 1933, a modern aluminum processing plant was built on the HAWA site from 1935 onwards by the Vereinigte Leichtmetall-Werke GmbH (VLM), which has been based in Bonn since 1918 .

Company premises at the Linden train station

Former, 130 m long factory hall on Schlorumpfsweg

In the 1890s, HAWA acquired new property south of Linden's Fischerhof train station . The previous systems of the two sub-operations had become too small and there was no direct rail connection. After the old production facilities had been destroyed in a major fire in 1896, the resettlement took place in the same year. The new company premises were bounded in the north by the railway station tracks, in the east by Göttinger Chaussee (today: Göttinger Hof) and in the south and east by the Schlorumpfsweg.

In 1914 there was another fire that destroyed a large part of the factory facilities. HAWA then commissioned the important architect Peter Behrens to design plans for the reconstruction. At that time it was common for engineers to design the interior of industrial buildings while architects took care of the external appearance. This separation often led to a strong contrast between the functional interior and a richly decorated facade. Behrens viewed the construction of the entire factory as an architectural problem. He was supported in this by electrification: It allowed the architects to construct the buildings more from the inside out. Peter Behrens designed two large factory buildings for HAWA, which were built in the years after 1914. One was a three-aisled wagon assembly hall, based on a skeleton of straight bar frameworks. Triangular roof extensions provided the aisles with light. The second hall was intended for woodworking. For them, Behrens used a reinforced concrete construction with a considerable three-hinged frame, which allowed a column-free interior. Two smaller side aisles, structured over storey ceilings, were attached to the hall. A connecting structure linked the two halls into a single complex. The three buildings were given a similar facade, although the underlying structures were different. The facade to the Schlorumpfsweg was 110 m long. The buildings are considered to be a highlight of Linden's industrial architecture. Of the buildings that Behrens had built for HAWA during the First World War, "[...] unfortunately only a few remains of the facade on Schlorumpfsweg" have survived. With the residential building Ricklinger Stadtweg 50/52 , which was built later, "[...] probably [...] an urban development reference to the development of the HAWA site should be established."

In the years after the First World War, the economy developed favorably for the industrial companies in Linden. At HAWA, a new administration building was built in 1919 on what was then Göttinger Chaussee with factory buildings behind it. A little to the west, directly on the railroad tracks, a new power plant with a striking water tower was built in 1923. These buildings were on the site of the former Linden share sugar factory , which HAWA had acquired in 1916.

In 1935, the Vereinigte Leichtmetall-Werke , based in Bonn, built a modern aluminum processing plant on the site of the decommissioned HAWA, the Vereinigte Leichtmetall-Werke (Hanover) .

Products

“HAN” aircraft over the factory buildings;
Full-page advertisement in the Illustrirten Zeitung , war number 202 from 1918, signed Blumer
A Hawa 40 volt small electric car in the Hanover Historical Museum ; with Kathleen Biercamp , co- curator of the Hanover exhibition ! ...

HAWA had a wide range of products from iron garden pavilions to tractors, threshing machines, electric cars, road and railroad cars, as well as airplanes and gliders .

Rail vehicles

The factory manufactured railway wagons, among other things, for the initial equipment of the Nordhausen-Wernigeroder Railway Company .

She produced trams a. a. for the Hanover tram , the Berlin tram ( TF 20/29 and T 24 ), the Freiburg tram , the Gießen tram , the Hofer tram , the Den Haag tram, the Nordhausen tram and the Trondheim tram .

In total, the company has produced around 45,000 cars for railways and trams in its 30-year history. During the First World War , more and more military railroad cars were produced for the transport of ammunition and provisions , as well as hospital and field kitchen cars .

Aircraft construction

Initially as a repair shop for aircraft, HAWA took over the production of new machines and spare parts based on its experience in building wooden structures. In spring 1915, the licensed production began aviation CI , later, the Rumpler C.Ia and Halberstadt D.II . For this purpose, HAWA created a works airfield at its plant in Linden on the site bordered by Schlorumpfsweg, Göttinger Chaussee, Bückeburger Allee and Tönniesberg . The aircraft manufactured and maintained by her could take off and land here.

From September 1916, Dipl. Ing. Hermann Dorner was chief designer. From 1917 HAWA produced its own designs, including the very successful Hannover CL types . The HAWA Vampyr glider from 1921, which is considered to be the ancestor of modern gliders, was designed and built by HAWA by students from the Technical University of Hanover , who had previously been World War II pilots .

The HAWA works airfield in Linden was Hanover's first civil airport from 1919, as the Vahrenwald airfield was classified as a military facility and civil use was initially prohibited after the First World War. In 1928 it was replaced by the Vahrenwald airfield as the official Hanover airport and closed in 1930.

Electric cars

From 1921 to 1923 the company produced the Hawa 40 volt small electric car in both a passenger car and a small van version.

  • HAWA electric car from 1922

  • HAWA railcar 274 for the Den Haag tram from 1921

  • HAWA railcar for the Trondheim tram from 1924

  • HAWA multiple unit of the Hanover tram from 1928

Personalities in and around the company (selection)

  • Wilhelm Hahn junior ; the trained locksmith and social democratic functionary worked at HAWA until 1931.

literature

HAWA news

From 1918 to the beginning of 1923, Hannoversche Waggonfabrik AG published the company's own advertising magazine, HAWA-Nachrichten .

Further

  • Friedrich Wilhelm Dahlmann: Memorandum for the 25th anniversary of Hawa, Hannoversche Waggonfabrik A.-G. Hannover-Linden, 1898–1923 , Hannover: Edler & Krische, 1924
  • Heinz J. Nowarra: The development of the aircraft 1914–1918 . JFLehmann, Munich 1959
  • Kenneth Munson: Fighter aircraft 1914-1919: attack and training aircraft . Orell Füssli, Zurich 1968
  • Albert Lefevre: Hannoversche Waggonfabrik "Hawa" / Hermann Dorner , in ders .: The contribution of the Hanoverian industry to technical progress. In: Hannoversche Geschichtsblätter , New Series 24 (1970), Issue 3/4, pp. 167–298; here: 220f.
  • Günter Kroschel, Helmut Stützer: The German military aircraft 1910–1918: in 127 four-sided cracks on a scale of 1: 144 . Lohse-Eissing, Wilhelmshaven 1977, ISBN 3-920602-18-8
  • 750 years of traffic in and around Hanover. 750 years of traffic to and from Hanover , ed. from the support association for the establishment of the Museum of Industry and Work in Hanover e. V., Niemeyer-Druck Hannover, 1990, pp. 244-250
  • Alfred Gottwaldt: The HAWA - an almost forgotten wagon factory in Hanover. In: Hannoversche Geschichtsblätter , New Series 47 (1993), pp. 195–202
  • Waldemar R. Röhrbein : HAWA, Hannoversche Waggonfabrik AG . In: Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein (eds.) U. a .: City Lexicon Hanover . From the beginning to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 2009, ISBN 978-3-89993-662-9 , p. 277.

Web links

Commons : Hannoversche Waggonfabrik  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

References and comments

  1. ^ Kurt Schumacher: The German wagon construction industry and its organization ; 1930; P. 30; http://gso.gbv.de/DB=2.1/PPNSET?PPN=311831257
  2. ↑ http://www.fidele-doerp.de/gegenwart/strassenkl.html
  3. ^ Peter Schulze : Bankhaus Ephraim Meyer & Son. In: Stadtlexikon Hannover , p. 47
  4. ^ Waldemar R. Röhrbein: HAWA, Hannoversche Waggonfabrik AG ". In: Stadtlexikon Hannover , p. 277
  5. ↑ a b o. V .: United light metal works company with limited liability , in Helmut Plath , Herbert Mundhenke , Ewald Brix : Heimatchronik der Stadt Hannover (= Heimatchroniken der Stadt und Kreis des Bundes , Vol. 17), Cologne: Archiv für Deutsche Heimatpflege GmbH, 1956, p. 412ff.
  6. ↑ a b Note: It is not clear from the literature what has been preserved of the Behrens' halls. Parallel to the Schlorumpfsweg street there is a hall that is stylistically very similar to the "Behrens-Hallen". With a length of approx. 130 m, however, it is too long to be the former wagon assembly hall. On the north side of this 130 m-long hall there is another hall that is approx. 114 m long. Possibly this is the car assembly hall. This then meant that Peter Behrens' original complex was later expanded to include a hall and that the Schlorumpfsweg was relocated to the south by approx. 30 m (the width of the 130 m hall).
  7. ^ A b c d e Walter Buschmann: Linden: History of an industrial city in the 19th century. Lax, Hildesheim 1981. ISBN 3-7848-3492-2 .
  8. ↑ Wolfgang Neß: The industrial area. In: Hans-Herbert Möller (Ed.): Monument topography of the Federal Republic of Germany , architectural monuments in Lower Saxony, City of Hanover, Part 2, [Bd.] 10.2. Vieweg, Braunschweig / Wiesbaden 1985, ISBN 3-528-06208-8 , p. 166
  9. ↑ Wolfgang Neß: District extensions in the twenties. In: Monument topography ... , p. 166f.
  10. ↑ http://www.selketalbahn.de/p-wagen.htm
  11. ↑ Archive link ( Memento from November 17, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  12. ↑ Archive link ( Memento from May 11, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  13. ↑ a b Waldemar R. Röhrbein: HAWA, Hannoversche Waggonfabrik AG . In: Stadtlexikon Hannover . P. 277
  14. ^ Klaus Mlynek : Hahn, (3) Wilhelm, jun. In: Dirk Böttcher , Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein, Hugo Thielen : Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon . From the beginning to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 2002, ISBN 3-87706-706-9 , p. 147; online through google books

Coordinates: 52 ° 21 '8.3 "  N , 9 ° 42' 38.7"  E